Journal Of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies

The present research aims at designing an enriching model for Arabic grammar teachers according to the input of structural theory by answering the following two questions which the researcher directed to a sample of the research community:1- What supplements do you consider appropriate for adding to the curriculum?2- What are the proposals to amend the Arabic grammar curriculum in the primary stage? In order to achieve the objective of the research, the researcher followed the procedures of the descriptive approach to the design of the model, and included the content of the design (the identification of topics in the textbooks of the elementary stage, the design included enriching the subjects with enriching texts, presenting them and explaining them in a new way, in addition to the conclusions, grammatical rule, In addition to some illustrations of different topics of the curriculum), and the researcher achieved its validity by presenting it to a group of experts and arbitrators specialized in Arabic language curricula and methods of teaching.The research community was determined by the teachers of the Arabic language in Babil province distributed among four administrative units (Hilla, Mahaweel, Musayyib, Hashemite). The total number of teachers was (5030) teachers and teachers. in the rate of (7%) And has reached (369) teacher and teacher.The researcher adopted the Astptantin, the first was an open questionnaire for the sample of the study of teachers of the Arabic language to identify the scope of the difficulties they face and additions and proposals for amendment in the curricula prescribed by They considered it appropriate to raise the level of education in the elementary stage, which represents a fundamental stage in the construction of the learner and its numbers correctly, and on this basisthe researcher identified the subjects of Arabic grammar books and designed the models of enrichment, and then presented to a group of experts and arbitrators to determine its validity, and the researcher made some adjustments by Their point of view and their observations.In the light of the results, the researcher reached a number of Conclusions:1-to print the design in the form of educational brochures for teachers of the Arabic language.2-to train teachers of Arabic language courses and seminars on a regular basis, and intensify these exercises during the summer vacation.3- The model was designed according to the subjects of grammar books in the primary stage, in response to the needs of teachers in enriching their educational and teaching information and increase their experience and thus influence the way learners absorb the educational material.In light of the conclusions, the researcher recommended the following:1- the use of forms and models of planning to simplify the explanation of the subject more clearly for students.2- Adopting the proposed model for the development of the experiences of teachers of the Arabic language in Arabic grammar in the training courses held by the institutes of numbers and educational training in Iraq for teachers of the Arabic language.3- The Iraqi Ministry of Education to prepare a guide educational educational guide to help teachers of Arabic language to enrich their educational experiences.4- taking into account the organization of content in the grammar books Arabic language through careful planning and sequencing in an orderly and gradual of the grammatical concepts contained therein, and identify the basic information and related to the new concepts to be taught, which facilitates the process of developing experiences and increase understanding and understanding of learners.Finally, I propose the following:1-Application of the proposed model proposed by the researcher and measuring the effectiveness of the educational process, and teaching methods for teachers of Arabic language in the primary stage.2 - Evaluation of the content of Arabic grammar books for the various stages of study (primary - intermediate - intermediate), in light of the principles of structur al theory.3 - Conduct a similar study to the rest of the branches of the Arabic language. Researcher

The researcher used (T-test for two independent samples, the Kai square (Ca 2) and Pearson correlation coefficient (statistical means). After analyzing the results, the researcher reached: The students of the experimental group surpassed the students of the control group in the development of creative writing . The researcher concluded a set of recommendations, including:1. Adopting the method of teaching expression in the Perkins and Plaith model as an eloquent literary model.2 - the need to take care of creative writing and encourage students to practice.3 - The need to develop a specific platform for the expression material - both functional and creative.4. Conduct a similar study for the current study to find out the effect of teaching Perkins and Blith on creative thinking for fifth graders.5- Conducting a similar study of the current study on the fifth grade literary students to know the model of the Perkins and Blith in reading comprehension and improve expressive performance

"The Impact of Structural Assessment Strategies and Alternative Evaluation in the Achievement of Students in the Preparatory Stage in Arabic Grammar"The problem of the current study is to answer the following question:"What is the impact of the use of structural assessment and alternative assessment in the achievement of students in the preparatory stage in the Arabic grammar?"The present research aims at identifying the "impact of structural evaluation strategies and alternative assessment in the achievement of students in the preparatory stage in the Arabic grammar"The researcher has developed three basic zero hypotheses according to the following:There is no statistically significant difference in the level of (0.05) between the average achievement of students who study the rule rule using the strategy of structural assessment and intermediate grades of Scientific Article: The researcher determined the scientific material to be studied for the students of the three study groups (experimental and control) during the experiment based on the vocabulary of the Arabic grammar book scheduled for the fifth grade (biological), the second semester of the academic year 2016-2017. The chapter included five topics : (Kindness, allowance, number, methods of demand "command, prohibition and prayer", and the method of appeal).1. Behavioral Goals: Formulation of Behavioral Goals In the light of Bloom's classification of the six levels of knowledge (knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation), 58 were behavioral goals.students who study using the traditional method.2. There is no statistical difference at (0.05) between the average achievement of students who study the rules using the alternative evaluation strategy and the average score of students who study the rules using the traditional method3.There is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the first experimental group who study the rules with the structural evaluation strategy and the average of the second experimental group who study the material using the alternative assessment strategy.The researcher adopted the experimental approach to achieve the objectives of the study, and used a experimental design with partial control of three groups (experimental and control), as well asThe study sample was randomly selected by 46 students for the first experimental group, 43 for the second experimental group and 47 for the control group. The equivalence between the three study groups was made during the following variables: , The IQ test, the grades of the achievement test for the students, the second grade for the students in the Arabic grammar for the academic year (2016-2017), and the educational achievement of the parents.The experiment lasted six weeks for the three study groups, and the researcher prepared the experimental materials and tools:(15) plans for (5) plans for each of the three groups. (13) including multiple choice, (13) other complementary phrases, (11) valid statements and errors, (5) the formation of useful sentences, and (5) expressions It has been lined up. The researcher applied the study achievement test to the three research groups on Sunday 14/4/2017.There was no statistically significant difference at (0.05) between the average score of the students of the first experimental group and the average score of the students in the control group in the achievement test of the Arabic grammar.The difference between the two mean groups of the experimental groups (first and control) showed a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the two experimental groups studied according to the structural evaluation strategy and the control group studied according to the normal method. For the first experimental group. There was no statistically significant difference at (0.05) between the average score of the students of the second experimental group and the average score of the students in the control group in the achievement test of the Arabic grammar.Statistical methods varied according to the type of appropriate analysis requirements, for the purpose of statistically analyzing data such as Pearson correlation coefficient, Ka-square (Ka2), one-way Anova analysis, coefficient of difficulty and coefficient of discrimination, effectiveness of alternatives,The researcher reached the following results, finding that:There was no statistically significant difference at (0.05) between the mean scores of the students of the first experimental group and the average scores of the students of the second experimental group in the test of the achievement of the Arabic grammar. The difference between the mean values of the mean differences between the arithmetic mean differences between the two experimental groups (I and II) was statistically significant at 0.05 level between the two experimental groups studied according to the structural evaluation strategy and the second experimental group, alternative)The difference between the two mean groups of the two experimental groups (the second and the control) showed a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the two experimental groups studied according to the alternative evaluation strategy and the control group studied according to the normal method. For the second experimental group.According to the results of the research obtained by the researcher showed the superiority of the first experimental group, which is taught according to the strategy (structural evaluation), followed by the second experimental group, which is taught according to the strategy (alternative calendar), and finally the control group taught by students according to the usual method, The first and second experiments on the control group, in the educational achievement test. Based on these results, the researcher made some recommendations and suggestions.

It can be said that the Policy of the United States of America during the era of the Administration of John F. Kennedy was characterized as unclear and weak in some aspects, was the result of the escalating internal Military opponents and the Military Coup against the legitimate government, which was the beginning of many of the Constitutional violations, and thus put Washington's Policy in embarrassment, and Which was only a realistic acceptance of the terms of return to the democratic Process. This has been an Important factor in restoring the prestige of US Policy, especially as it has exploited South Korea's need for diversified support by investing Politically to force the South Korean military regime To return to the Democratic way in 1963

Praise be to Allah who created man, and made him the best types of creation in the universes, and prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him and His Family) who gave the mosques of the word, and resurrected to beautify the virtues of ethics and divinity.After the research discusses the groups of Damascus society in the fifth and sixth centuries AH, as the city of Damascus, the rule of governance, Guy, the Levant and the axis of trade exchanges and therefore we find in the city communities and not a single community each of its customs and traditions, and all of this we tried to find categories of this community, National or religious, the research was based on other research on a variety of sources and references, the information of which has not been provided

In order to verify the validity of hypotheses, the researcher conducted an experiment that lasted a whole semester. The experimental design (of partial control) was selected to both groups. The study was limited to fifth grade students in one of the schools of the Directorate of General Babylon Education in Babylon Governorate to represent the sample of the study. The number of female students is (62) students, and randomly, the researcher chose section A to represent the experimental group (30) students and section (B) to represent control group (32) The researcher conducted a statistical equivalence between the students of the two groups in some variables,behaviorai objectives and the preparation of teaching plans for the two groups were formulated, With regard to the study tool, the researcher prepared an achievement test consisting of (50) paragraphs, (40) objective paragraphs of the type of multiple choice and (10) paragraphs of the article, The researcher used the appropriate statistical means The experiment lasted (8) weeks and three weekly sessions for each group. (14) days of the application of the test. The same test was re-applied to the sample to determine the extent of retention of the historical information of the students. After the analysis of the results statistically showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group who studied according to the strategy of rewriting the students of the control group who studied according to the method The difference was statistically significant at (0.05), In term of results of the research, the researcher makes some conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, who revealed his revealed book Huda and Bushra to the believers, and challenged the creation to come together like him, and peace and blessings be upon the prophets and messengers Muhammad and his family pure.After ... Perhaps it is a great number of Quranic studies that this book has dazzled the heads of eloquence and the statement, and made them unable to follow, but to bring any of his verses, which prompted scientists to search for the causes of his miracles. And the importance of Quranic miracles and the scarcity of studies on the subject of fixed and variable in its field, the researchers draw a study of the subject of constant and variable in the legislative miracle, in order to study the book of God and reveal the disclosure of legislation that failed the human and the oath to bring the like, and the researchers do not claim that they proved the miracle of the Koran in this research ; Because it is a fixed fact and a crystal clear cause, but the two researchers tried to demonstrate the constant and variable in legislative miracles. The research was conducted in a preface, four studies, and a conclusion with the most important results, then a list of sources and references. The introduction carries the definition of the concept of fixed and variable language and terminology. The first topic was titled the concept of legislative miracles and the characteristics of Islamic law. And studied the second subject fixed and variable in worship, and chose the researchers, prayer, Zakat and fasting in this subject. The third topic is devoted to the study of fixed and variable transactions. The fourth topic examines the fixed and variable in the general provisions. Finally, the two scholars ask God to make this work pure for His holy face.

The study tackles the AKP's policy towards the Gaza Strip (2009-2017). Turkey has played a significant and fundamental role in the Middle East, especially with the arrival of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) since 2002. Its stance against Israeli aggression and crimes towards the Palestinian people pushed the Turkish politicians to take critical positions toward Israeli policies that are widely welcomed in the Palestinian, Arab and Islamic communities, and perceived that the siege of Gaza is illegal and immoral.

The term secularism is one of the most common and controversial terms to the day and the most obscure. The origin of the term was Western and back to the Middle Ages where the dispute over the nominal authority in the administration of religious and secular matters between the state and the church for several century, with the time , all the institutions of the governments were known as secular thought and direction from the state administration in political matters to all government institutions, and many countries of the world have introduced the term secularism in their constitutions.Secularism was rooted in the views of the most important European thinkers from the seventeenth century onward who sought in every way the dimensions of the ecclesiastical institution of the various aspects of life, The term secularism was officially established in 1851 by the politician, thinker and journalist George Holyoke, who presented his ideas through the press and various books, the most important of which was the book of the principles of secularism. It seems that his books were not translated into Arabic .The Church divided the Christian community into two sections. The first was the Department of Church Affairs, which included clergymen who represented the religious corps or the so-called clerical or clerical corps, and the church was called the public, which worked outside the church as secular and secular people, whatever their qualities, status and works.One of the foundations upon which secularism was based was the idea of religious tolerance, which was the result of the reaction to the blind religious fanaticism among the various sects and religious sects based on weak foundations that greatly damaged the religious establishment until the concept of tolerance came out of its proper framework and came out of the control of the Christian religious.The most important foundations of secularism have been discussed and are still the subject of separation of religion from politics or the separation of religion from state, which must be read in terms of difference, competition, conflict and centuries-old conflict between the Church and the civil and secular institutions in Europe

Translation has been one of the most important means of communication between people and nations and has played an important role in the transmission of different cultures. Therefore, the translation and the translator can not be dispensed with despite the scientific development and the availability of electronic translation is widespread and easy; it does not give full perception of the original text, especially in literary texts. Therefore, the students of humanities experience great problems in the process of translating texts and literary books in foreign sources during the process of research and writing, causing waste of money and time, and sometimes the researcher may not reach his research aims despite this effort. Our research focuses on studying the causes and obstacles facing postgraduate students in the field of translation. It is one of the applied studies that relied on samples of students to identify the problems they face in the research process, with recommendations and solutions to be addressed.

Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (p) In the period of his succession worked to lay the foundations for a number of matters that concern the affairs of the State and the way of management, and aspects that the Imam (p) was interested in is the management of the state and the evaluation of his governors work and his state is the subject of advice and selection of advisers. Consultation is a positive aspect of the general public and of those responsible for the affairs of the state in particular, which are legitimate. Their importance is to manage dangerous matters in the life of the people, such as fatwas, the judge of people, the management of society, and so forth. The covenant of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (p) to his governor on Yemen Malik Al-Ashtar consider, a constitution that must be applied to anyone who claims Islam but is also a rule of law for non-Muslims, because it contains the provisions of the laws and legislation, political, economic, social and others, Imam Ali (p ) mentioned the relationship of the ruler to the governed, their duties and their rights. The Covenant also contained a great wealth, which is rich in terms, terminology, laws and Sharia provisions, which in turn would lead to a just state and political and social stability, Among the things included in the covenant of Imam Ali (p) The subject of consultation and consolers, has been addressed to the Covenant implicitly or directly, and that said ( p): (And do not interfere in your advice stingy person modify your credit for your poverty, and not coward person that, weak you for things, not keen to decorate the evil with you arrogance, stinginess and cowardice instincts and various instincts combined by mistrust of God)).From this we selected the title of our research, which is tagged: ((Counselors their features and duties and their impact on the state in era the Imam Ali (p) to Malik Al-Ashtar)).The research was based on an introduction, three topics, a conclusion, and a list of sources and references. The first topic included the meaning of the counselor and the consultation in the language, the terminology and the advantages to be available in the counselor in the Islamic state as stated in the covenant. The second topic included: the duties performed by the counselor and his role in the Islamic State through the Covenant, regarding the third topic: we dealt with the impact of counselors on the Arab Islamic state, and then the conclusion of the research, which included the most important results, followed by a list of sources and references. We hope that, we have succeeded in providing an important aspect of evaluating the state and pushing it towards honesty, represented by the advice that came in the era of Imam Ali (p) to his Governor of Yemen Malik Al-Ashtar. At the end Praise is to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master and our companions the Prophet Muhammad.

The humanitarian activities continued to perpetuate life in its various aspects, but some of the axioms of the events prevented the researchers from finding details in order to believe in their own faculties and to delve into the obvious rather than dealing with activities with a violent or violent dimension. We can develop caravans and build them within this framework is a continuous effectiveness and entering into the details can not be useful. However, most of these events need to be explored as part of the cultural history of the nations. The environment of the desert and its transportation requirements are different from other snowy and cold environments, for example. Each environment has its own cultural, linguistic and practical framework. Human activities in the region, a practice rooted in the foot of the emergence of the human communities themselves and the practice of the activity of life and economic in particular and find its depth in the Arabic language and cultural output, such as hair and criticism, which borrowed many words caravans and balloons, not to mention other areas of life.