Journal of the College of Education for Girls for Humanities

This paper entitled (The Interpretive Performance of Imam Al-Sajjad The Verses of Al-Tawheed as an example) deals with the most prominent works and manifestations that Imam Ali bin Al-Hussein, peace be upon him, did in enriching the Qur’anic investigations, especially the science of interpreting the dear book. Many commentators have cited the masterpieces of its interpretation, as peace be upon him paid great interest in the interpretation of the Noble Qur’an,
especially verses of beliefs, as the Noble Qur’an dealt with beliefs in many verses and several surahs. The truth is one of the corrupt beliefs and concepts that the Umayyads were promoting after the martyrdom of the second tribe, peace be upon him, in order to divert the march of the Islamic nation from its original approach, as peace be upon him relied in his interpretive approach on the knowledge an knowledge he inherited from his pure fathers.

The Islamic religion is a complete and integrated religion, containing many contents and topics that have been able to leave clear imprints in people's daily lives. The various Islamic sciences have studied these topics very carefully, as each of these sciences specializes in a specific set of religious topics. Among the most prominent Islamic sciences that directly affect people’s lives is the science of jurisprudence, which Muslim scholars have been interested in throughout Islamic history, and has remained immortal in scientific schools and religious metropolises.
One of the important topics in this science, which is one of the legal concepts that were put forward in the discussion of ability and its types, and this issue is one of the oldest issues of origins, and there is no doubt that it came to the science of principles from the science of theology, as the research took place among the theologians that it is possible for the legislator to order something and forbid about it first? Is it worthy of his wisdom or not?
So it was dealt with in the vocabularies and the title, and if it contained permission, it was dealt with in the vocabularies and the title, even if it included the words of the command and the prohibition, and they are the two discourses denoting the obligation and the prohibition, not the same as the obligation and the prohibition, but clearly the talk here is not about the signifier, the talk is not about a meeting The two discourses are two discourses, but the talk is about the meeting of signifiers, i.e. the obligation and the prohibition. What is meant by the title of abstaining from the combination of command and prohibition, i.e., abstaining from the combination of the same obligation and prohibition.

Al-Makki and Al-Madani science is considered among the researches related to the Qur’an. It helps in understanding and interpreting the Qur’an. Therefore, the Companions and those after them were interested in the commentators. Through it, we can know the abrogating verses from the abrogated ones, and we can use it to find out the history of Islamic legislation and its gradation, as well as follow the biography of the Messenger (peace be upon him), In addition to knowing the reasons for its revelation, and therefore everything mentioned is an indication of the arrival of the Noble Quran to us without distortion or alteration.

Islam is the true religion of God. Which was sent by the greatest Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and his family, and grant them peace as a mercy to all worlds And he was sent by the prophets and messengers, and Islam is a doctrine and a work, as it includes origins and branches, as the principles are the beliefs in which Islam imposed belief, and whoever does not believe in them is not a Muslim and not a believer, for they are the basis and the basis for building Islamic thought as if the whole religion is dependent on these principles. The imamate divided the topics of the fundamentals of religion into five sections: monotheism, justice, prophethood, the imamate, and the restoration.
And as for the branches, they are the rulings related to the acts of the commissioned worshipers such as prayer, fasting, zakat, Hajj and jihad, or what is issued for the sake of their livelihood and is called transactions such as selling, buying, renting ... etc. from the true religious teachings, rulings and directives, and this difference between the origins of the religion and its branches is that the principles are not permissible for imitation. Rather, every taxpayer must be aware of it with evidence, knowledge, certainty and proof. Islamic Sharia forbids imitation in the fundamentals of religion. It did not allow any taxpayer to imitate his religious beliefs. It refers to specialists from the mujtahids and scholars who have the capacity to understand the legal texts, Moreover, the books “Zuhd” and “The muwmin” by Al-Husayn Bin Saeed Al-Ahwazi can benefit from interpretative benefits, and they are among the main references for this research. When these two books included narrations from the infallible, peace be upon him, it showed the origins of the religion among the Imami Shiites: monotheism, justice, prophethood, the imamate, the repetition, The desired benefit of these interpretative statements was that it was adopted by the commentators, and thus the importance of interpretive narratives in the statement of the Investigation of Fundamentals of Religion is evident.

There is who said that the independence of the conditional sentence and it is an independent part; but it was taught in various places in the old grammar books, when they were dealing with the tools of the affirmative conditional tools for present verb, and the conditional tools weren’t coming in the Al-Saheefa al Radhwiya. only : ( En’a) , (maan) , (Eza , (Lao) ,( Laola) ,( Lama ) and the conditional sentence came in thirty positions in different patterns.
The conditional tool did not come, and after it two present verbal sentences, It is remarkable that what the grammarians approved is the coming of linking (Fa) if the answer is a nominative or imperative sentence or preceded by (Ma or Lakn); but what is noticeable in Al-Saheefa it’s coming with the foregoing, without conjugation with (Fa), likewise in the Holy Qur’an، which indicates that the condition of conjugation with (Fa) in the manner of permissible not obligatory, what is noted in the conditional sentence is the fewness of synthetic cases and the lack of some of them, such as embedding.

Abstract :
Referral is one of most important means textual consistency. When referring it to the moral relations existing within the text, it makes its parts coherent and compact, and these semantic relationships are a clear feature of the text, because they represent a semantic unit, and the referral is embodied in a group of words that have no independent relationship in themselves, and their meaning can only be determined by referring to what refers to it. Inside or outside the text, and this interconnection that occurs between the referring element and the referred element, is only done through a set of arguments called (referral consistency tools). We divided the research into four0

The study dealt with measuring the level of quality of profits in the Iraqi commercial banks, listed in the Iraqi market for securities, and their impact on the economic decisions of investors. The researcher used the approach of criticism to measure the quality of profits, and the statistical analysis program SSPS in the test of the impact of the quality of profits on investment decisions of investors, relying on the financial statements, and note the volume of trading banks sample research from 2013 to 2016. The study population consists of all (24) Iraqi banks. A suitable sample was selected for the purpose of the study. The size of the sample is )11( banks which meet the requirements of the study.
The results showed that there is an acceptable level in the quality of accounting profits in the financial statements of the banks. The results revealed that there is a positive relationship between the quality of the accounting profits and the volume of trading in the Iraqi market for securities. And recommends that the adoption of the Iraqi market for securities index to measure the quality of profits, and to educate investors on the importance of the quality of profits in their economic decisions.

The Najafiyyah seminary gave birth to outstanding scholars and statures who emerged in the skies of science, reference and jihad. They played an active role in the course of the struggle of the Islamic nation and its standing in the face of arrogance and tyranny, and its scientific and civilized advancement among nations. This research is concerned with studying the personal and intellectual relations between Imam Khomeini and Sheikh Muhammad Mahdi Al-Asifi, the most prominent person in the Islamic movement and militants in the modern history of Iraq. Wilayat al-Faqih very enthusiastically. He studied with him in Najaf, and he led a group of militants, clerics and leaders of the Dawa Party to France to visit Imam Khomeini in 1979 and declare their full support before the world for his efforts to revolution against the tyrant Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi. Al-Asifi was also one of the first to go to Iran in 1979 in order to meet the Imam and declare absolute support for him and his revolution.
The study is divided into two sections, the first of which dealt with brief glimpses of Sheikh Al-Asifi’s life and upbringing, while the second and most importantly focused on the core issue, which is the study of the relations between Al-Asifi and Khomeini since the two met in Najaf when Khomeini spent several years teaching in the seminary there, and was a student of His hands Sheikh Asifi and Nhl taught him a lot. In the research, we referred to a number of intellectual products written by Sheikh Al-Asifi in support of the Islamic Republic of Iran and victory for the concepts of Mr. Khomeini, especially issues that were the subject of controversy from the opponents of the revolution here and there.

The impact of that oil policy in Iraq varied in terms of impact and results, as the oil revenues had previously had a small impact in supporting government curricula until the Profits Equality Agreement signed in 1952, but it remained linked to the monopolistic companies (IPC) and its policy that depended on the Iraqi decision through Limiting production, reducing prices, and not expanding by investing the rest of the concession lands With the formation of the republican system, the Iraqi governments sought to adopt an oil policy aimed at expanding oil investment through the establishment of the National Oil Company, and cancelling the concession of lands that were not invested by the monopolistic companies, but this The trend met with a clear response from those companies. After 1968, the Iraqi government sought to adopt an economic policy that adopted the socialist approach based on organized planning, to achieve the greatest degree of economic and social development and to achieve a qualitative leap in the completion of a large number of projects, infrastructure, and the expansion of education. Providing health services and raising the standard of living for citizens through the adoption of major five-year development plans. Therefore, it sought to adopt a new policy to extract Iraq’s rights, by imposing the national vision in negotiations with those companies, which ultimately led to the historic decision on June 1, 1972, to nationalize the monopoly operations of the Iraq Petroleum Company, to invest in oil nationally, and to direct the huge oil revenues that were achieved after the victory of nationalization and the acquiescence of Iraq. Companies of the Iraqi decision on the first of March 1973.

The Iraqi tribes had a great influence on the political events of Iraq during the Ottoman, British and monarchical eras, so that they far surpassed civil society, as it is the largest part of the social structure of Iraq. Factors of power, because of the emergence of certain individuals and their status within the political elite, to advance the political work, and to become influential in society.
The study was divided into two axes, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion. The first axis dealt with the representatives of the Samawah district and their role in the Iraqi parliament during the period (1933-1936), while the second axis dealt with their role during the period (1937-1939).
The study showed that these elites are the heavenly facade of their clans, in addition to being the front of the city in Baghdad through their representation of the heavens as representatives in parliament, because of the many characteristics they possessed that made them a heavenly clan elite.

Newspapers, magazines and periodicals played an important role in providing researchers, writers and historians with historical information on many political, economic and social events and situations, especially the facts witnessed by the Arab world. Including the Arab-Zionist conflict, especially the Sixth of October 1973 war, which monitored very important historical facts since the beginning of the war and analyzed the reality of the Arab confrontation with the Zionist entity and the positions of the Arab countries towards it, as well as the position of the United States of America and the Soviet Union

The research aims to calculate the relative change of the total solar radiation in the city of Mosul by displaying and analyzing mathematical formulas to calculate the total solar radiation falling on the horizontal surface in the city of Mosul ,as(12) models were chosen to calculate the total solar radiation ,and then calculate the quantities of total solar radiation for an area study through the chosen model ,The optimal model or the most suitable model for the study area was determined through the statistical test (standard deviation) for the set of models. The results showed that the optimal model for calculating the total solar radiation for the Mosul station is model (6), were the slandered degree of the model is (0.014), Through the optimal model , The total solar radiation was calculated for the city of Mosul and the relative change in the monthly rates of the quantities of total solar radiation to the city for the period of time between (1987-2019),The research found that the relative change recorded a decrease for all months of the year in the city of Mosul ,which was proven by the general trend coefficient, which recorded negative values .The trend coefficient and the arithmetic mean of the models selected for the study area were extracted based on the Excel 2010 program ,The total solar radiation was calculated between the three climatic cycles of the city of Mosul ,as the quantities of total solar radiation were recorded according to the first climatic cycle (16.4) , And the second climatic cycle recorded about (15.9),And the third climatic cycle recorded(15.4) of the quantities of total solar radiation .The rate of change between the first and second climatic cycles was also amounted to about (-0.5) , The rate of change for the same two previous climatic cycles was about (-0.04), and the rate of change between the second and third climatic cycles was (-0.5),And the rate of change was about (-3.140).

The Arab Gulf region is considered one of the most important regions, globally, due to its geostrategic location and resources. The United States has adopted interventionist policies in the region, in a way that preserves American and Western interests.
The importance of the Arab Gulf region to American policies has made the United States present, establishing military bases in the region, and being concerned with transformations and security events. The countries of the Gulf region have not succeeded in establishing a security system, or a regional system, since the seventies of the last century, and the complexities of security in the region increased, especially in the new millennium, when the region witnessed an imbalance of power, along with the escalating threats that accompanied the post-occupation phase. Iraq, and after the events of (the Arab Spring), and after the emergence of the (ISIS) terrorist organization.
The US policies towards security changes tended to: expanding the US military presence, increasing political and security support to the GCC countries, calling the GCC countries to normalize with (Israel), and establishing: NATO in the Middle East.

The issue of a unified national identity at the present time is one of the main pillars
and a self-evident postulate for the creation of a cohesive and unified society with all its diverse sects, for establishing good governance, and for strengthening the pillars of the state.
However, there are many challenges, the most important of which is the phenomenon of extremism facing the national identity and its aspiration to create a society blessed with equal rights and duties among the members of the one nation, as extremism has violated societies politically, economically, socially and culturally, whether this is at the local national level or at the global level. And on hitting or tearing up the national identity or trying to ignite the fire of civil war or spreading sectarian ideology among the people, especially if it turns into an applied behavior and an actual practice represented by terrorism.
The importance of the subject of the study may lie in finding a unified national identity, which is one of the necessities of contemporary life, while respecting the privacy of all sects, ethnicities and priorities, after what extremism has caused by tearing the nation’s unity and independent identity and attempts to create conflicting sub-identities. In order to strengthen the national spirit and respect for the unified national identity, the state has the duty to promote the concept of citizenship represented by giving individuals full equality in the enjoyment of rights and duties and the availability of opportunities for social justice, promoting concepts such as social integration, community peace, peaceful coexistence and respect for the freedoms of others in the ideological, intellectual or religious aspect (accepting the other Strengthening the education of young people with a sense of national belonging and making attempts to eliminate sectarianism in all its forms in society in order to build a sound and healthy civilized society from the political, social and economic point of view.

The arrival of the Internet has led to a change in the habits of concluding contracts between the contractors, so many exchanges and contracts are conducted on the Web. In this way, evidence of evidence appeared on the Internet, which raises the question: Is this evidence on the Internet legally acceptable? Today, the issue of proving the identity of the contracting party and its electronic signature raises many problems, and the law must adapt to the issues raised by electronic transactions, because the electronic signature has taken its place in the legislative arsenal of several countries as a means through which the contracting party is identified via the Internet, and the development of electronic commerce is also subject to Because there are guarantees regarding data transmissions and online payments,Hence, the electronic signature as well as certainty about the identity of the contracting party constitute a response to the security problem of online commerce, and this is the case because the confirmed identity of the contracting party guarantees the validity of its electronic signature as well as the integrity of the data sent by it. Signature functions the same as a handwritten signature and under no conditions.

This study aimed to identifying the effectiveness of a suggested unit based on mathematical patterns in developing inductive thinking skills of secondary students in Aden Governorate. The sample of the study consisted of 164 male and female second grade students of secondary school (scientific section), chosen randomly from four secondary schools in Aden governorate, two outstanding schools and two typical schools. To achieve the aim of the study, the researchers used a test to measure the availability of inductive thinking skills of the sample of the study and a suggested unit based on mathematical patterns was also used to develop inductive thinking skills among general secondary students in Aden governorate. The study reached several results, the most important of which are: the level of the study sample members in the extent to which they possess inductive thinking skills was at the low level. The suggested unit based on mathematical patterns was effective. The researchers recommended the necessity of including mathematical patterns that are commensurate with the level of high school students in the high school mathematics curricula in order to develop their mathematical thinking skills, as well as implication of mathematical teaching methods in preparing mathematics teachers' programs, in which develop secondary school students' mathematical skills .

The study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of a training program in the Light of Metacognitive Thinking Skills on the Academic Buoyancy among Al-Aqsa University Female Students in Gaza. The researcher used the quasi-experimental approach. The study instruments consisted of a meta-cognitive scale (Al-Jarrah & Obeidat, 2011) and an academic buoyancy scale (Abdeen, 2018). The instruments were administered to a sample of female students selected from College of Education students at Al-Aqsa University in the second semester 2021-2022. The sample included 36 female students (18 students in the experimental group and 18 in the control group). The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in academic buoyancy between the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group, as well as the presence of statistically significant differences in academic buoyancy among the experimental group between the pre and post measurement in favor of the post measurement. Moreover, results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in academic buoyancy among the experimental group between the post and follow-up measurements.

The current research aims to:
. Identifying the family climate of educational counselors.1
. 2.Identifying the differences in the family climate according to the sex variable of educational counselors.
. Identifying the mutual social trust of educational counselors.3
. 4.Identifying the differences in mutual social trust according to the sex variable of educational counselors.
. 5.Finding the relationship between the family climate and social mutual trust among educational counselors
In order to achieve the objectives of this research, the researcher built two scales, namely, the family climate and mutual social trust, and extracted the validity and stability of both scales. Then, the two scales were applied to a sample of (200) male and female counselors in the province of Baghdad. After collecting the information and processing it statistically using the t-test for one sample and two independent samples, and the Pearson correlation coefficient, the research reached the following results:
. 1.The educational counselors are characterized by a high level of family climate.
. Female counselors outperform males in the level of family climate.2
. 3.The counselors are characterized by a high level of mutual social trust.

Female guides outperform males in the level of mutual social trust.4
. 5.There is a positive relationship between the family climate and mutual social trust among educational counselors. The research came out with a set of recommendations and proposals

The current research aimed to know the attitudes of teachers of geography for the preparatory stage towards globalization by building a measure of globalization.
In order to prepare the final version of the scale, instructions were prepared for it showing male and female teachers how to answer using the answer sheet. As for the psychometric properties of the scale, the researcher gave indicators of the scale’s validity and stability. Validity was verified through the following:
1- Apparent honesty, through which the scale was presented to a group of experts and the items that did not have the approval of the majority were excluded.
2- The validity of the construction through the following:-
A- Calculating the coefficients for distinguishing paragraphs, their validity coefficients, and excluding weak items.
b- Calculating the correlation between the sub-scales of the scale.
As for the stability of the scale, it was calculated in two ways: the method of re-testing and the method of split-half. The current research has found
- In order to achieve the first goal, which is to know the attitudes of teachers of geography for the preparatory stage towards globalization, as it was found through the statistical analysis of the answers of male and female teachers that their attitudes were positive.
- It was found through the second objective that there are no statistically significant differences towards globalization according to the gender variables (males, females) and academic achievement, which were positive.
In order to complete the desired benefit from the current research, which is to know the trends of the teachers of geography for the preparatory stage towards globalization, the research came out with a number of recommendations and proposals for subsequent research and studies. Which I missed in light of the search results

The current research aims to identify the inventive thinking of biology teachers in the secondary stage, and to identify the differences in inventive thinking according to the variables of gender, certificate and stage. 2021-2022, and the sample size was (100) distributed among (50) teachers and (50) schools who were chosen randomly. The scale and its stability were calculated, and the discrimination coefficients were calculated and the degree of the paragraph was related to the total score, and after applying to the sample, the data was processed statistically, as the researcher used the equation of the T-test for one sample to verify that biology teachers possessed inventive thinking. In the light of the results, the researcher recommended training biology teachers to develop their thinking skills and suggested studying inventive thinking with appropriate variables. Another few.

With the spread of the technology and social media platforms and without successful fact-checking procedures that can verify and eliminate all fake news, everybody can be exposed to a daily dose of misleading and false content that can be risky. Such disinformation is often a means of political gain when there is a political divide as in the 2016 US presidential election (Allcott and Gentzkow 2017). The 2018 Iraqi election is not exception in this regard. Thus, this study aims to explore disinformation practices and mechanisms in Iraq and how political blocks, or individual candidates are targeted on social media platforms .The data was collected from a Facebook page called ‘Tech 4 Peace التقنية من اجل السلام' which is designated to expose the fake news and lies spread on social media in Iraq. To achieve this aim, Wodak and Meyer (2016) Discourse Historical Approach (DHA) to critical discourse analysis (CDA) has been used as a framework for the analysis. Having categorized the fake news according to their themes, the results showed the fake news focuses on sensitive cultural topics as religion, reputation. honour as well as an accusation of candidates of being agents/proxies to other countries. Such themes were utilized to attack, (dis)credit, (de)legitimize political and religious opponents.