Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences)

T his paper describes a new method for estimating the induction swirl intensity by means of the
numerical simulation of gas flow in the intake port and cylinder to optimize combustion chamber
design.
T h e optimization procedure adopted in the present investigation is based on GENERIC
ALGORITHIMS and allows different fitness functions to be simultaneously maximized. The
parameters to be optimized are related to geometric feature shape of the combustion chamber. The
evaluation phase of GENERIC ALGORITHIMS was performed by simultaneity behavior of each
design with modified version of FLUENT code 6.2.
T he present work represents Direct injection spark ignition engine with different combustion
chamber design to get optimum swirl ratio with different engine speed. The study of the chamber
angle variation is to show the change in air jet value around inlet valves and then design optimum
angle which gets uniform annular jet around each intake valve to give as a result high swirl ratio.
Good results are obtained at engine speed 2500 rpm with pentroof angle 15º for both sides. These
results give good agreement with experimental result by Ref [1], where he used single inlet valve
chamber.

To understand the important relationship between the biosensor and micro and nanostructures we
introduce this proposal about the fabrication of micro and nanostructure by using one of the most
important dry etching processes in micro and nanostructures, reactive ion etching (IC-RIE) has been
applied and developed as a method for etching micro and nanogap semiconductors. PolySi material is
used to fabricate micro and nanogap structure and gold as electrodes. The fabrication and preparation
methods to fabricate micro and nanogaps using RIE properties are discussed along with their
advantages towards the nanotechnology and biodetection. In this study, 2 masks design are proposed.
The first mask is the lateral micro and nanogap and the second mask is for gold pad electrode pattern.
Lateral micro and nanogaps are introduced in the fabrication process using polysilicon and gold as an
electrode. Conventional photolithography and dry etching techniques are used to fabricate these micro
and nanogaps based on the standard CMOS technology. As a result we need to deposit Al layer over
the polysilicon semiconductor before coating a photoresist to protect the polysilicon layer during the
etching (IC-RIE) for using the Al material as a hard mask. The requirement time to etch 1????m
polysilicon layer completely by using IC-RIE to fabricate the micro and nanogap structure it takes
approximately 40sec. These results are better than those using wet anisotropic etching techniques.

I n this work, the problem of job-machine assignment was formulated as a linear
programming (LP) models and then solved by the simplex method. Three case studies were
involved in this study to cover all kinds of problems may be faced. To verify the results of the
LP models, these problems also solved using transportation algorithm and has been found that
the LP model is more efficient for solving the assignment problems.

D irect torque control (DTC) needs the stator resistance of the induction motor for
the estimation of stator flux. The variation of stator resistance due to temperature and
stator frequency changes will greatly affect the performance of DTC drive run at low
speed. In this paper, a method for the tuning of changes in stator resistance during the
operation of the machine is proposed. The tuning method is based on wavenet theory. To
show the ability of the proposed method, a PI stator resistance tuner is presented. The
tuners observe the magnitude of stator flux of the machine to detect the changes in stator
resistance. The performances of the two methods are compared using Matlab/Simulink
simulation results. The simulation results show that the proposed wavenet stator
resistance tuner efficiently improves the DTC performance, superior to the PI stator
resistance tuner.

A new type of a single slope double- basin solar still have been designed and manufactured; in
order to compare its productivity with that of a single basin solar still, an experimental investigation
was carried out on two single slope solar stills with different basin under actual field conditions; where
the first still is conventional solar still with horizontal basin of 0.25m2 while the basin of the second
still (the new design) has two partitions; horizontal basin of 0.1m2 and vertical basin of 0.15m2. From
the experimental results, it has been observed that there is significant enhancement in daily output due
to the basin deviation on a clear day. The main advantages of the vertical partition of the basin are that
the latent heat of vapor condensing over the inner surface of the still is utilized in heating the water in
the vertical partition of the basin which leads to store the hot water for the continuity of vapor at night
, also the vertical partition of the basin helps to concentrate the sun ray on it by any type of external
reflector to increase the productivity.

Epitaxial Pb1-xSnxSe layers were grown onto cleaved and polished (100) KCl,(100) NaCl
and (111)CaF2 substrates in a high vacuum system by means of the hot-wall-epitaxy (HWE) method.
The source temperature of Pb1-xSnxSe ~ 570 oC and substrates temperature are ranging from 200 to
275 oC by increasing step 25 oC, growth rate (1.51-2.4 ????m/h). The optical absorption constant is
determined using FTIR in the (0.496-0.062) eV photon-energy range at room temperature. The data
have been analyzed to estimate the forbidden bandwidth.

Measurement calculations were carried out to determine the linear optical constants such as
extinction coefficient, refractive index, average excitation energy and dispersion energy for the 3-
amino-7-dimethylamino-2-methyl phenazine (Neutral red NR) doped Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) film.
Further the optical nonlinearities of Neutral Red : Polyvinylpyrrolidone solution have been
investigated by Z-scan technique with CW laser at 657.2 nm The nonlinear refractive index and
absorption coefficient are found to be in the order of - 1.91 ×10-9cm2/Watt , 1.13×10-4 cm/Watt,
respectively .These results show that the ample has potential application in nonlinear optics.

Azo dye was prepared from 4,4-diaminodiphenyl sulfone with chromotrpic acid by fox
method. Azo dye was identified via IR-Infrared spectrophotometer, UV-visible spectroscopy and
elemental analysis (CHN). The basic optical properties of azo dye have been studied at room
temperature. The optical energy gap was estimated from the absorption coefficient values using Taue’s
procedure. The values of the static refractive index ( ) ???? n , the static dielectric constant ( ) ???? ???? , oscillator
energy ( ) o E , dispersion energy ( ) d E , the moments of optical dispersion spectra, and the band gap
energy ( ) g E have been determined by the Wimple-Didomenico method .

T his research is devoted to study of two-way Multivariate repeated measurements analysis of
covariance model (MRM ANCOVA), which contains two between-units factors (factor A and factor
B), and two covariates .For this model the two covariates are time-independent, that is
measured only once. The test statistics of various hypotheses on between-units factors and the
interaction between them are given, and includes the application of the theoretical part. It studies the
effect of some internal and external factors on blood parameters, which are available in the experiment
during one year through nine months. The data are taken from Department of Biology, College of
Education, University of Basrah. Then , the data are analyzed according to the our model.

Three Schiff bases were synthesized namely (4-dimethyl amino benzaldene – 3-amino benzoic acid
) , ( piperonaldene – 4-amino – 2-nitro toluene ) and (4-dimethyl amino benzaldene - 4-amino – 2-nitro
toluene ) . These Schiff bases have been identified by microanalysis ( CHN ) , infrared , 1H-NMR ,
13C-NMR and GC-Mass spectroscopy . The study also included the use of these Schiff bases as
inhibitors for corrosion of brass in acidic media ( 0.5 M HCl ) . The rate of corrosion was determined
by two methods ( electrochemical and weight loss methods ) . It was found agreement between them .
Different studies such as ; the effect of temperature on the corrosion rate at ( 298 ????K , 308 ????K and 318
????K ) , measurement of some thermodynamic parameters ( corrosion current , activation energy and free
energy ) , and comparison of inhibition effect for prepared Schiff bases with their primary amines
were achieved . The results indicated that these Schiff bases inhibited the corrosion efficiently .
Furthermore , antibacterial activity of prepared Schiff bases and standard inhibitor (AK3) was also
studied on the two types of bacteria ,Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . It was found that the
Schiff bases under study were considered inhibitors for bacterial growth with variation extents .