Iraqi Journal for Administrative Sciences

Business organizations seek success, and the level of success is expressed by the degree to which goals are achieved, especially the strategic goals emanating from the organization’s mission, which are to survive, continue to grow, and increase market share (control of the market). This requires administrative and technical frameworks capable of performing their responsibilities and duties efficiently, and as the level of individuals varies in knowledge, abilities and skills, the level of performance also varies accordingly. In order to raise the level of performance, training programs are resorted to as a successful means to develop workers’ abilities to perform and raise their level of productivity. Continuous communication of training and development is of great importance in increasing workers’ knowledge and their ability to communicate with new methods and methods of work. To know the impact of training programs in raising the efficiency of workers, one should Study and evaluate the programs to ensure their success in achieving the goal and thus evaluate them when needed and compare the training programs that are organized within the organization with those organized outside the organization and find out which of the two programs has more impact on developing the capabilities of individuals. This research deals with evaluating the on-site (internal) training programs that were organized within the sample company. Research and programs organized outside the company (central) in other Ministry institutions and to find out which programs are most beneficial for trainees in the company. The research ended with a set of conclusions and recommendations, as the results showed that there is no difference between the training program inside the company in terms of the importance of the training programs, except for the means and methods used in training, as the training programs outside the company were distinguished from their counterparts inside the company, and therefore the recommendations included attention to the means and methods used inside the company.

The issue of trust is generating increasing interest in organizational studies, as he saw. Cambetta, 1988. The study of the issue of trust is an essential and inevitable factor for social interaction. The importance of trust has been pointed out in many areas such as communication (1967: 104-120), leadership (Atwater: 290-1988-310), and management by objectives (Scott 157-175). (1980) and performance evaluation (1993-93:88), (Cummings and work relations - Lawler, 1992): and self-managed work teams, (Taylor, 1989: 85-89), management (Samuel, 1997:402) (218-221), and groups and teams. And the culture of the organization and (Leana & Burer III, 1999: 538) and organizational social capital. Despite the great interest of writers and researchers in trust, studying it in organizations has remained very difficult for many reasons, including the problems of defining trust itself, the lack of clarity in the relationship between risk and trust, the consequences of trust, and the overlap of some Concepts such as cooperation, dependence, prediction, etc., and studies of trust since the fifties of the twentieth century have dealt with trust in a personal context as a characteristic of personality, and this understanding is no longer compatible with the modern organizational concept, the features of which began to emerge in the last two decades of the century. Twenty, which considers trust as an element of organizational social capital, can be invested in creating and creating value for the organization, just like its other capital.

Production operations continued under the traditional model of industrial activity, with the consumption of raw materials in addition to energy and water as production inputs, as they are converted into products of various forms, in addition to the formation of waste that must be disposed of. This model began to transform into a more integrated industrial model called the industrial ecosystem, during which the optimal use of these uses was achieved and the generation of waste was reduced to a minimum, and the waste generated from one production process was used as inputs in another production process. The emergence and development of this industrial model was associated with technological development, which led to the emergence of what is called clean technology, the investment of which resulted in achieving the maximum benefit from the uses involved in the production process and minimizing the amount of waste generated from it.

Business organizations are facing rapid international developments and changes, after the world economy began to move towards interaction and globalization, which required them to think about finding markets, products, and geographical locations that would achieve economic extensions for their activities and activities, especially after globalization has become an essential feature of our contemporary world and a strong indicator of real growth. In production and competitiveness in the global market. Evaporate, and if the slogan that business organizations rushed after at the beginning of the last decade was “Complete, Migrate, or Evaporate,” then the slogan that came to prominence in the nineties and beyond was “Globalize or Globalizeor,” which represents a clear confirmation that globalization is a strong trend in which organizations must engage. National, regional and global, which seek to establish and develop on the basis of capabilities, skills, technology and world-class competition. This has contributed to the emergence of a global phenomenon: business organizations whose roots extend back to before the nineteenth century (Bu Qahf 1999:120), which are organizations that manufacture and produce products. In many countries and exported to many of them, the number of these organizations and their role has increased in light of globalization, and their impact has become clear on people and their real markets throughout the world, and competition has become much greater than competition for one market or one geographical region, as management scientist Peter Drueker (1994) says. /170) And obtaining a leading position in one of the advanced global markets requires obtaining a leading position in all global markets,” which is what economists in the modern era call a transnational economy.

I thank God and praise Him, and I pray and greet the Prophet Muhammad, his pure medical family, and his chosen companions. After all, the tax is one of the basic financial resources that the Islamic State relied on not only to finance its public expenses, such as carrying out Islamic conquests, providing protection from external attacks, and achieving internal security and justice, but also to achieve Many goals include establishing public ownership in addition to private ownership, and to support investment in the agricultural sector and other sectors, and to increase, produce, use, and reconstruct the country, as well as to improve the standards not only of the productive Kharaj class), but of all segments of society, because reforming the Kharaj people means reforming everyone else. This leads to the integrity and stability of the system. Through his sermons, books, letters, and wills, Imam Ali (the Most High) presented comprehensive theories and ideas about tax, which can be used in drawing up the correct financial policy in the country, with regard to tax, fees, taxes, and other aspects related to how to manage public property and care for the subjects, to achieve rates High in production and use, and hence in economic growth. The research hypotheses were determined by two hypotheses: The first is that Imam Ali (the Supreme) presented theories about tax, guaranteeing the right of the Islamic State to obtain a regular and fair financial resource from individual investors, in exchange for their investment in lands belonging to the state, and also guaranteeing the continued survival of these individual investors working in the sector. agricultural, and even motivates them to increase production and productivity levels to cover the amount of the tax. In other words, the theories presented by the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) serve the tax, its people, and other social groups in society, and contribute to the reconstruction of the country and the integrity of the regime in it. As for the second hypothesis, it sees Imam Ali (the Most High) gave the standard specifications for each of the tax worker, the trustee, and the agent, and the tax money, and how to measure and deal with it.

There are many studies published by the Harvard Business Review about oversight from time to time, as it is an important function practiced by managers at various upper, middle, and supervisory levels, which they are supposed to perform precisely because of its seriousness in the event of an error, in addition to its high costs. Among what caught our attention was the issue of March-April (1994), in which Robert Simons published his research “Control in an Age of (Empowerment) entitled Control in light of the delegation of authority. Given the importance of such a topic at the present time, we decided to delve into its merits in order to achieve benefit and impart knowledge. The researcher began with a strategic statement that says, “How can managers encourage creativity while avoiding unpleasant surprises?” Yes, the real problem facing managers today is how to exercise appropriate control in their organizations, which are characterized by flexible demand for their products, with an abundance of employee creativity On the other hand, competing business organizations must rely on the initiatives of those working in searching for opportunities and responding quickly to the needs of customers. If these organizations want to obtain opportunities available in the market without exercising careful control, the matter may expose them to many financial and operational risks. In addition to the behavior of its employees in harmful behaviors that may lead to huge losses, there are many experiences of the failure of oversight to perform its effective role. This company (Kidder (Peabody & Company)) lost an amount of (350) million dollars due to one of its agents manipulating profits in his favor, and also the company (Sears, Roebuck & Company also suffered a loss of $60 million due to paying compensation to customers as a result of incorrect decisions made by managers. This is Chartered Bank, which lost huge sums of money in the Hong Kong market due to inaccurate scheduling of participation in inappropriate shares by the branch manager in that country. The list goes on and on... The result is huge losses inflicted on the organizations caused by the chief employees and the poor exercise of oversight over them or the focus on exercising official oversight over them only, without exercising other types that are extremely important in such cases.