DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES

This study investigates how microstructure and chemistry effects by Nano-Metal-Phosphate and the kinetics of growth passive layer and passivity breakdown. Additionally, the passive layer germination behavior on aluminum alloy 1050 with anticorrosive properties. The passive layer is an alloying method which allows an aluminum oxide to germinate. Morphologically and structurally, the aluminum oxide films were characterized using microscopy analyzes and XRD analysis. Results indicated that the reinforcements are well distributed and the grin size is downy. Corrosion behavior tested by Cyclic polarization exam and done at room temperature in (3.5 per cent NaCl) solution. The reinforcement increased the hardness for processed aluminum from Hv81.1 to HV=120.492 as castings. The parameter Nano-Metal-Phosphate has attenuated the current density of corrosion (7.15μA / cm2) compared to the as-cast sample results

In this work, a grayscale image steganography scheme is proposed using a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD). In this scheme, 2-level DWT is applied to a cover image to obtain the high frequency band HL2which is utilized to embed a secret grayscale image based on the SVD technique. The robustness and the imperceptibility of the proposed steganography algorithm are controlled by a scaling factor for obtaining an acceptable trade-off between them. Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) are used for assessing the efficiency of the proposed approach. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme still holds its validity under different known attacks such as noise addition, filtering, cropping and JPEG compression

This paper investigates the reduction of vibration effect between two footings by placing a trench between them. On the first footing (designated as the source footing), on electric-rotary motor is fitted, it has dimensions of (80x80) mm. Beside the source footing a second footing is placed and on this footing the reduction in vibration effects are to beinvestigated. Both the source footing, nearby footing and trench are placed over compacted gypseous soil in a steel tank having gypsum content with (50%). Tests are performed under dry and soaking conditions. The tests are managed under dynamic load for three frequencies (8,14 and 20) Hz, to install amplitude, velocity, and acceleration of the footing before and after drilling the trench, also to compare between the materials to choose the best material to reduce vibrations. The results showed that all parameters in above for the footing varying in values when change the material used to filling trench

Nanofluid materials play an important role in the industry nowadays, which has drawntheattentionofresearcherstoenhancethecharacteristicsoftheheattransferofthefluidsinthecoiledshapeheatexchangers.TheeffectofusingAl2O3/water Nanofluid on the characteristic of the heat transfer rate inside the helically coiled pipe was numerically studied at different Reynolds numbers.Moreover,fluid flow analyses were investigated numerically in terms of pressure and velocity profile. The heat transfer enhancement using this Nano fluid has been studied and then compared to pure water at Reynolds number values of 200, 600, and 1500 respectively. The results showed that a reduction in the temperature of the outer wall pipe when Al2O3/water Nano fluid was applied particularly at a low Reynolds number compared to pure water. Generally speaking, it has been seen that the reduction in the temperature profile is much better than the high Reynolds number.

Tin-Zinc based on solder is a probable changing of lead element solder as a result of its enhanced mechanical characteristics. This alloy needs to be studied and explored to get a usable solder alloy having better properties. In this work Our objective of the accompanying investigation for alteration the warm, physical and bind qualities of eutectic tin-9Zinc fastening alloy by expansion various ratios of bismuth content to give elective without lead solder alloy to utilize this compound for efferent electronic ventures. We found that the addition of bismuth element content improved the thermal, physical and electrical features and qualities. We got the mentioned results by using x-raydiffractometer, differential scanning calorimetry and LCR instrument to calculate electric resistivity and thecontact edge (CA) is the most important factor used for assessing the solid surfaces wettability. Sn91Zn3Bi6 alloy has best solder properties as low melting temperature, pasty range and contact angle. And has the beast soldering properties for electronic application compared to commercial Pb-Sn alloy.

Screw piles are used in different projects such as underpinning, lateral support of retaining wall, foundation of tower and under pipeline. In recent years, the use of screw piles became wide in all world as a result of low cost, easeof installation and need simple machines to construct. A laboratory study of triangle pattern of screw piles group embedded in soft clay and extended to sand soil layer is carried out. Different parameters are investigated such as spacing between piles, number of helix plates and slenderness ratios L/ D. The results of this study showed that the efficiency of screw piles group increases when group extended to sandy layer. Also, a study showed that the compressive capacity of triangular pattern group decreases with increase spacing between piles for group of single and double helix plates. The percent’s of reduction are (61, 22, 15)% and (56, 25, 29)% for single and double helix group respectively.

This paper exhibits an experimental study on dynamic response of a single pile under dynamic load which comes from motor placed on cap pile called a vibration source. This study used the effect of the dynamic movement of vibration on one pile, collapsible soil (gypseous soil) used in this study with 30% gypsum content. The experiment is performed in a dry and soak state. A solid steel pile with a slenderness ratio of 27 was inserted into the soil after preparing it in layers in a steel container (30 * 30 * 60) cm. The test was performed under a dynamic response to the different frequencies 10, 15, 20, and 25 Hz. The results showed that the speed, acceleration and displacement increase with increasing frequency of the vibration source in addition to that the values of speed, acceleration and displacement amplitude are less in the case of soaking compared to their values in the dry state

Nowadays, lightweight concrete become popular among construction companies due to its physical characteristic such as sound and thermal insulation, lightweight, cost and environmental saving, self-levelling...etc., which make it an attractive choice as a building material. However, this concrete face many constructional obstacles due to the lack of adequate and sufficient constructional information about the nature of this concrete. This requires great caution when use it for structural purposes. Among these great constraints, for example, is the weak characteristic of the bond between this concrete and reinforcing steel. Therefore, in order to get rid of these defects of concrete and make it usable in various construction sectors, this paper summarizes researchers works concerning bond behavior between light weight concrete and reinforcing bars , the variable influencing bond behavior such as; concrete type, rebar type and diameter, W/C ratio, and adding fibres. And results collected from experimental work with most important conclusions.

The present study includespreparation of eggshell powder from the waste eggshell by milling followed by calcination at 500°C under ambient atmosphere. Composites of uncalcinedand calcined eggshell / PLA with contents of 10, 20 and 30 wt% prepared by casting method. The effect of uncalcined and calcined egg shell on structural and tensile properties of polylactic acid(PLA) were studied. The prepared composites were antibacterial tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. Results showed the crystallinity of the synthesized films induced by egg shell. Ultimate tensile strength increased gradually with increment of the filler content and the highest ultimate strength at 30 wt. %this may be attributed to good compatibility between the egg shell and the PLA. The results of bactericidal against Escherichia coli bacteria were lower for PLA and its composites as compared with staph aureus.

Automation in the drug inventory distribution process is helpful to pharmacist. Pharmacy management has kept paper record in filing cabinets. Managing a very large pharmacy with records on papers will be tedious and difficult to keep track of inventories with regards to the drugs in the store, expiry date, quantity of drugs available based on the categories and their functions. A Drug Inventory Management Information System(DIMIS) is basically a computer system that can manage all the information to allow pharmacists to do their jobs faster and more effective in real time. These jobs include: dispensing of drugs, drug regulation, and the sale of these drugs. The developed methodology adopted in the implementation of the software is iterative model of system development life cycle. This method produces an early stage of model. The development of the system is based on using new technologies like AJAX, ASP.NET MVC 5, Bootstrap, HTML and CSS which make the user interface more interactive. C#.NET language was used as server language whereas as a database server Microsoft SQL server 2012 was utilized. DIMIS is able to search and check a huge number and expiration date of drug in the purchase as well as delivery records. These attributes and functions are powerful, efficient and subsequently useful in patient's safety and cost containment

This paper reviews some experimental and numerical results about the hollow reinforced concrete beams (HRCB). Any subtraction in concrete quantity within the structural members without a considerable lack in load carrying capacity represents a common research trend nowadays due to the decrease in sections dimensions, reinforcing steel and lateral inertia forces in severe earthquakes as well as the sustainability gain for the resulting inhibiting of CO2 emission. In addition, the possibility of passing the electrical and mechanical facilities comprises another good feature of such type of structural members. During the traditional beam design process, the tension concrete is considered as strain transfer agent and do not have any role for structural resistance. As a result, longitudinal holes can be made within this area to produce the hollow reinforced concrete beams (HRCB). In this paper some remarkable research works are summarized with the most important conclusions within this field.

This manuscript instrumented two light-duty passenger cars to construct real-world driving cycles for the Baghdad-Basrah highway road in Iraqusing a data logger. The recorded data is conducted to obtain typical speed profiles for each vehicle. Each of the recruited vehicles is modelized using Advanced Vehicle Simulator and conducted on the associated created driving cycle to investigate fuel economy and analyze performance. Moreover, to inspect the influence of driving behavior on fuel consumption and emissions, the simulation process is re-implemented by substituting the conducted real-world driving cycle. The analyses are done for the first and second stages of simulation predictions to explore the fuel-penalty of aggressive driving behavior. The analysis for substitution predictions showed that fuel consumption could be reduced by 12.8% due to conducting vehicle under the more consistent real-world driving cycle. However, conducting vehicle under the more aggressive one would increase fuel consumption by 14.6%. The associated emissions change prediction due to the substitution is also achieved and presented