Iraqi Journal for Administrative Sciences

The issue of choosing a development model appropriate to the conditions of developing countries and Iraq in particular has preoccupied the bodies responsible for making economic decisions, and because of their inability to come up with intellectual and theoretical frameworks stemming from the reality of these societies, this pushed them towards carrying out a process of “softening” Western propositions and models that were established according to the visions of their writers and researchers. In order to benefit from the legacy of development literature, especially the propositions of the structural school, which attempted to follow quantitative and qualitative changes in economic sectors, this research came in an attempt to use the approach of this school, which was intellectually characterized by neoclassical thought. In order to combine the foundations of economic accounting and economic efficiency to reach the optimal allocation of resources according to the references of neoclassical theory, which is based on the equality between the marginal productivity of the elements of production with the cost prices of those elements, and to call upon the variables of the external economic environment, elements outside the economic system, such as (economic blockade decisions, which clearly contributed In the decline in the rates of accumulated economic growth in general economic efficiency and productivity, including a deterioration in particular at the level of gross domestic product (GDP), passing through capital accumulation and ending with total exports.
It is these variables that are being paid attention to and are expected to act as injection factors into the economy. However, we notice an increase in the effectiveness of the factors leading to leakage within the scope of the circulation and flow of national spending, and thus the imbalance and lack of control of the overall economic balance in Iraq, especially during the last decade of the twentieth century.
What weakens the factors of injection into the Iraqi economy for the previous period is the high rates of depreciation of productive assets due to the weak possibilities of replacement and substitution resulting from the economy’s ability to provide hard currencies to finance imports of reserve tools for assets, not to mention what was caused by high employment rates in order to achieve increased supply to meet the shortage of imports. The restrictions imposed by special circumstances that the Iraqi economy has experienced over more than two decades and their cumulative effects have greatly weakened the potential for growth and development and deepened its inherited imbalances.

The establishment of industries in geographical locations is linked to the basic components of the type of industry required to be established in a given geographical area, and the most prominent of these components are the availability of raw materials, energy, labor, capital, and markets.
Industries may be distributed in different regions and cities of the country based on a decision from the government, despite the absence of all or some of these components. The aim of this is to create a kind of balance in the distribution of industries between the regions of the countries. However, some industries constitute one of the aforementioned factors or components of great importance in the regular and advanced functioning of their activity without causing a major disruption in them, or its lack or lack thereof constitutes a major obstacle or its suffering from certain problems that may cause a kind of confusion to the production processes, and if some of the factors are It is possible to control it, but manpower is difficult to control, because man is a living being that may be exposed to problems that hinder him from performing his work properly. Rubber industries are among the industries that require large manpower, as they have not reached modern technologies that reduce The need for staff is therefore labor intensive.
Given that the General Company for Tire Manufacturing is located in its location located between the cities of Najaf and the Haidariyah district of Najaf Governorate, it is a location characterized by its lack of many factors. The raw material is imported from abroad, as this material is not available in Iraq, and the capital is available considering the company is one of the subsidiaries. For the public sector, it belongs to the state, which is responsible for providing the necessary money, which now depends on self-financing from the company itself. The issue of energy and water from the Euphrates River has been addressed, so where is the important problem now? How the workforce is settled is affected by the geographical location of the company and the geographical location of the workers’ housing, which is spread across three governorates: Najaf, Karbala, and Babil. Therefore, the research addresses the impact of geographical location on the performance of employees in the General Company for Tire Manufacturing and the possible alternatives that can be proposed to address this problem.

The main purpose of this research is to hedge the risk of crude oil prices traded in future markets, which has become one of the most important areas of modern investment at both the local and global levels. All types of commodity and non-commodity assets from different countries of the world are dealt in these markets. The tool for dealing in these markets is futures contracts. The theoretical framework of the research included cognitive vocabulary that adequately reveals the nature of the subject, which included future markets, future contracts, future market functions, future pricing model, hedging and price risk reduction, and hedging strategies. While the research methodology included a comprehensive clarification of its problem and its hypothesis that following the low risk hedging ratio (BRM) leads to a better reduction of the loss of the hedging position and thus reducing the price risk to the lowest possible extent in the simple ratio,” hence the objectives. As long as this research is one of the applied research Which deals with commodity futures, and since crude oil is one of the most important futures commodities, Basra and Kirkuk oil were chosen as an applied field for research after linking them to Brent oil futures contracts. The research reached important cognitive conclusions, the most prominent of which was that reducing price risk to the lowest possible extent depends on the number of contracts It is necessary for hedging according to the simple hedging ratio and the risk-reducing hedging ratio, and therefore it is linked to the beta (risk) of the future contract and the behavior of present and future prices. It appeared that hedging Basra oil with Brent futures is more effective in reducing price risk to the lowest possible extent using the simple hedging ratio, while it has been shown that hedging. Kirkuk oil with a Brent future is more effective in reducing price risk to the minimum possible using a risk-reducing hedging ratio.

Oil has emerged on the global scene as an essential source of energy and a strategic material for industry. This has influenced the increasing global demand for crude oil over the past decades and is expected to increase in the coming decades.
Researchers have used the time series method to determine global demand trends, sources, and growth rates using different mathematical formulas, testing them, choosing the best ones, and preparing projections and forecasts of the phenomenon of global oil demand for the next decade.
The issue of demand for crude oil concerns the countries consuming and producing it, considering it a cost to the consuming countries and a return to the countries producing it as a source of funding for their government budgets.

The strength of the organization lies in its individuals, as well as in its systems, procedures, and resources. This requires it to provide an appropriate organizational climate for employees, which fulfills their demands represented by the opportunities available to express their opinions, their freedom to work, and their freedom from controlling authority, in addition to satisfying their material needs. Their skills and abilities have been developed. And their personal talents and spreading a culture of creativity in the organization to stimulate creative thinking, which has made the process of managing creativity the most important challenges facing organizations today, which have resulted from multiple variables in a rapidly changing world characterized by intense competition.