Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences)

T he inrush current occurs primarily when a transformer is energized. The magnitude of
inrush current may be as high as ten times of transformer rated current which causes malfunction
of differential protection system. Therefore, it is necessary to discriminate inrush current from
faults. In this paper, a new approach of discrimination between inrush current and internal fault
currents is proposed based on wavelet packet transform (WPT). The selection of optimal mother
wavelet and the optimal number of level of resolution is carried out using the minimum
description length (MDL) criteria. The proposed approach is tested for signal tripping using data
collected from a simulink model of power three phase transformer for different cases that
included inrush, internal fault currents and external fault currents. The simulated results clearly
show that the proposed approach facilitates the accurate discrimination between inrush and fault
currents in differential transformer protection.

Theoretical analysis is given here showing the existence of a linear relation-ship between the mean
velocity in a pipe v and the mean frequency ???? in the spectrum of the noise signal caused by the
passage of electrostatic charges carried by the flow as picked up by a suitable system of electrodes.
The analogue electronic circuit required to obtain ???? is built and tested in a flow circuit employing
air. The experimental results confirmed the linear relationship expected theoretically and the error in
the reading is about ±2%.

The bifurcation behaviors for CO2 laser is studied using four level system model, by solving the
differential equations describing that model. The bifurcation diagram gave very clear idea about
dynamic behaviors. This system, it has been drawn as a function of modulation amplitude parameter
A. From all this, we obtained a scenario of the diagrams by increasing frequency of modulation signal
parameter ( ) within (A- ) plane. Many of different dynamic behaviors such as period doubling and
chaos are observed.

Quantum-dot laser devices contains microcavity length which initially populates the properties
of quantum dot lasers (QDLs). We studied the influence upon the optical confinement layer free
carriers density, confined carrier level occupancies in QDs, threshold current density, internal loss
coefficient, characteristic temperature, the maximum operating temperature and QD lowest excitation
energy. Our results have been calculated as functions of limit structure parameters of GaInAsP/InP
QDL with wavelength of 1.55 ????m. The QDL characteristic temperature was studied with the effective
cross section and sets an upper limit certain temperature for operating temperature of a QD laser.

T he pulsed and static magnetic field were used in treatment of tenectomy achilles tendon, which
no significant results at level of P???? 0.05 in both groups. Eighteen rabbits were used in present study,
the animals were divided into three equal groups , 1st group was treated with pulsed magnetic field
(650 Gauss,50 Hz), 2nd group was treated with static magnetic field (650 Gauss), while 3rd group was
used as a control group. The magnetic therapy was continued to four weeks post surgery/ twice daily.
Clinical signs were recorded to all groups, loading force and jumbling power tests which used in
athletics to knowledge achilles tendon sufficiency post surgery. The magnetic treated groups were
showed significant result with control group at P???? 0.05, while no significant results at P???? 0.05
between pulsed and static groups. Blood parameters were examined, there significant result at between
magnetic groups and control group at P???? 0.05 during the 1st-four weeks (treatment period), while
return to unsignificant at seven weeks post surgery at P???? 0.05. The gross and histopathological picture
were taken at seven post surgery, semi complete healing in magnetic groups, while control group was
showed more collagen and fibroblast. In conclusions of this study, the magnetic field therapy have
ability to acceleration healing the rupture tendon increase blood parameters. Theorically, the
mechanism of action magnetic field to accelerate healing was discussed.

A total of 4714 records collected from 733 cows progeny of 13 sires through the period from 1989 to
2000 in Al-Nassr Dairy Cattle Station were used to estimate the heritability and breeding values of
sires for total milk yield, days in milk, calving interval, dry period and age at first calving. Individual
animal models were fitted to the total milk yield from all lactations to estimate breeding values by
Restricted Maximum Likelihood methodology. Heritability was estimated by using different
methodology. Their values for milk yield, days in milk and dry period, calving interval and age at first
calving were (0.05-0.21), (0.02-0.09), (0.32-1.00), (0.00-0.23) and (0.36-0.43) respectively. The
estimated breeding values for milk yield ranged from –394.00 to 475.00 kg. Estimates of the positive
breeding value (BV, %) was 48.56 %. Breeding values of days in milk ranged from -5.44 to 6.30 days
and 45.48% respectively. However, sires showed lower (23%) positive breeding value for both dry
period and calving interval and age at first calving (30%). Their breeding values ranged from -15.95 to
49.60 days for dry period, -8.14 to 11.91days for calving interval and -2.10 to 2.28 months for age at
first calving.

T o examine the tested drugs (sodium chloride and Cephalexin), we tested the drugs in vitro
against promastigote stage of parasite with multi concentrations of the drugs. The viability of the
parasite was counted daily to promastigote for 5 days. Hypertonic sodium chloride solution LD
50
value
against Leishmania donovani and Leishmania tropica promastigote was (0.021) and (0.04) mg/ml
respectively, while Cephalexin LD
50
value against L. donovani and L. tropica promastigote was (1.4) and (2.55) mg/ml respectively. Hypertonic sodium chloride solution and Cephalexin a wide-spectrum antibiotic have effective leishmaniacidal agents against L. tropica and L. donovani promastigote in vitro.

Honey produced by the honey bees is one of the ancient traditional medicines used for treatment
and prevention of various illnesses .In this study the antimicrobial effect of bee honey on organisms
isolated from infected wounds in comparison with commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of
infection was evaluated . (50) swabs from patients with infected wounds were cultured. The most
frequently isolated organism was Psedomonas aeruginosa representing (44%) of the isolates followed
by coagulase – positive Staphylococci (30%) . The susceptibility of the isolated organisms to honey ,
antibiotics and combination of both was studied .The mean inhibition zone produced by honey when
applied to isolated gram–negative bacteria (Psedomonas aeruginosa) and isolated gram–positive
bacteria (coagulase positive Staphylococci ) was significantly higher than that of the antibiotic used
(P<0.005), and when combination of both honey and antibiotic was used , it showed highly significant
increased sensitivity than that of honey or antibiotic alone (P<0.001)

T h is study done randomly in Basrah General Hospital during the period between March to
December 2006, Forty five patients (age range 6 -75 years), (21) 46.8% males and 24 (53.2%)
females, for evaluating of the safety and laboratory data for halothane anesthesia, all of them presented
with mild abnormal liver functions during routine investigations to elective surgeries under general
anesthesia (the common use of halothane known to cause hepatotoxicity). Five milliliters from venous
blood were taken before the operation then immediately after the operation, and on the first and third
day postoperatively. Blood was tested for serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and total
bilirubin, using appropriate kits. Twenty two (48.89%) had repeated exposure to halothane by
underwent previous surgeries, and 23 (51.11%) are newly exposed to halothane. No significance
change had been observed in relation to the gender of the patients for all parameters. None of the
patients showed severe changes in each type of the parameters when analyzed individually (more than
3 times their upper normal limits). We conclude that laboratory values immediately after surgical
operations and for 3 days later have no trend for a major derangement in the patients with abnormal
liver functions.