JOURNAL OF KUFA FOR CHEMICAL SCIENCES

This research involved some of heterocyclic derivatives from 6-chloro-1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol by the reacted of this compound with chloro ethyl acetate to gave compound [1] in which reacted with hydrazine to gave compound [2] , the last compound will react with several reagents to gave a new series of heterocyclic derivatives in which compound [2] reacted with different aromatic aldehydes in ethanol to gave Schif bases [3,4] . The last compounds convert to β-lactam [5,6] by the reaction between Schiff bases and chloro acetyl chloride .
Compound [2] react with CS2 ,KOH to gave a new derivative compound [7] in which reacted with hydrazine gave compound [8] and reacted with different aromatic aldehydes to gave another kind of Schiff bases [9,10] and cyclization of the last compound with 2-mercapto acetic acid to gave [11,12] .
Reaction of compound [2] with phenyl isothiocyanate to gave compound [13] and cyclization of [13] by NaOH gave several new heterocyclic derivatives [14], these all compounds were characterized by their melting points, FTIR and 1H-NMR spectra for some of them .

Dietary flavonoids (poly phenols) are important phytonutrient widely distributed in plant foods, flavonoids have beneficial biological activities, such as antioxidant activity, flavonoids can chelate with metal ions, the interaction of lead (II) ion with a poly hydroxylated flavonoids, the chrysin and hesperetin molecules, were investigated electrochemically in acidic media. The Differential puls polarographic Technique was used to determine the kinetic parameters (Kf, h, αn) using meites-israel method, also thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (∆H), free energy change (∆G), entropy change (∆S) of Pb+2 – complexes with chrysin and hesperetin at (293, 313) 0K. The (Kf, h, αn) values for the kinetics of the electrode processes show that the electrode processes were irreversible and diffusion controlled.

This research involved synthesis of tetrazol derivatives by a chain of reaction. The first step includes react between o-phenylenediamin with 5-amino salicylic acid to get 4-amino-2(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenol(1).(1) react with (4-dimethylamino benzaldehyde ,4-hydroxy acetophenone ,Vanillin, Acetylacetone , 4-Bromoacetophenone and m-aminoacetophenone) to get schiff base derivatives (2,3,4,5,6 and 7) consecutive.(7) react with (4-chlorobenzaldehyde ,4-Bromoacetophenone) to get schiff base derivatives (8,9) consecutive.(1) react with salicylaldehyde and sodium Nitrate in acid medium to get azo derivative (18).All schiff base derivatives (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) react with sodium azide to get tetrazol derivatives (10,11,12,13,14,15,16 and17) consecutivly.(18) which react with ( 3-nitro aniline , 4- amino acetophenone , 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole ,2-aminobenzimidazole ,2-aminopyridine and benzidine) to get schiff base derivatives (19,20,21,22,23 and 24) consecutive,which react with sodium azide to get tetrazole derivatives (25,26,27,28,29 and 30) consecutive.All these compounds characterized by means of FT-IR,and some of the compounds by means of 1H-NMR, and13C-NMR and follow the reaction by Rf-TLC and measurement of melting point.

Blends were prepared of three grades of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a base polymer, with three different stabilizer systems; all were mixed with variable compositions dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as plasticizer. Physical and mechanical properties were measured for the blends. Results showed that as the plasticizers’ concentration increased, the tensile strength, hardness and specific gravity of PVC compound decreased while elongation at break increased. There were slight noticeable effects while using different stabilizers systems. The grade of PVC has an influence that coincides with the polymer molecular weight. Furthermore, it was concluded that adding up to 10 phr of plasticizer didn’t have any negative effect on final physical and mechanical properties of the products.

This study is concerned with the determination of critical micelle concentration (cmc) of mixed micelle of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyltriammnum bromid(CTAB) as an ionic surfactants (as anionic and cationic respectively) with Triton x-100 as nonionic surfactant from conductance measurements , the optimal cmc for mixed micelle (SDS/Tritonx-100) and (CTAB/Tritonx-100) at different mole fraction (α) are determined that are 0.2 and 0.6 respectively .the values of the mole fraction of ionic surfactant in mixed micelle (X1M) , the activity coefficients of the surfactants 1 and 2 in the micelle (f1M and f2M ) and the molecular interaction parameter (βM) in mixed micelle are determined for two mixed solution in different mole fraction . the standard free energy of micellization for mixing surfactants (ΔGᴼmic)is calculated by three equation , the values of free energy at the optimal α are (-20.1 and -31.2 ) Kcal/mole for mixing (SDS/Tritonx-100) and (CTAB/Tritonx-100) are respectively .

In this study, a new technique was developed using rapid Cyclic voltammetry at hanging mercury electrode (HDME) and The anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction for the detrmination of two commonly used parabens (methylparaben (MP) and propylparaben (PP)) in maleate buffer at (pH 6) solution. The results show that the charge transfer processes were reversible. The method is used to determine methyl and propyl paraben in concentration range (2.66 × 10-8, 1.07 × 10-7) M at pH = 6 respectively. This method was applied successfully for the assay of the pharmaceutical preparations of the considered drugs.

This research deals with the area of influence of the oil sector investments on the economic situation in the Kurdistan Region in particular and Iraq in general. Where the oil is economically the main source of imports in the region, Iraq, and shows the importance of this sector during periods of low and high oil prices that have a direct impact on all economic sectors of the country. We have tried through this research to make clear the importance of the size of investments in the oil sector, particularly with respect to the analysis of contracts and agreements concluded in this field with international companies exhibiting flaws and economic feasibility of such contracts. We have tried to provide some recommendations and suggestions for decision-makers on the basis of these analyzes and a review of published data from the institutions, which oversees the administration of the sector on how to develop the investment sector, as well as drawing a map road to solve the economic problems facing the country by following the application of efficient management of these natural resources revenues.

By followed good sensitive separation method extracted Zn2+ and Cd2+ and determination Spectrophotometrically in different samples after converted metal ions into ion pair association complexes by used organic reagent as complexing agent 4-[N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl] benzene sulfonamide azo-1- naphthol (NMIBAN), the spectrophotometric study about ion pair complex extracted show wavelength for maximum absorbance was λmax=530 nm for Zn2+ and λmax= 527 nm for Cd2+, as well as the study about pointed optimum condition for extraction, appear this extraction method needs 1.5 M and 1.0 M of HCl for Zn2+ and Cd2+ respectively in presence 100µg of each ion Zn2+ or Cd2+ in 5mL aqueous solution with 10 min. shaking time in electrostatic shaker by use 1×10-4M (NMIBAN), there is many effective parameters on extraction efficiency was studied such as presence electrolyte interferences, methanol in aqueous solution as well as organic solvent, from another side thermodynamic study show extraction method is endothermic in nature and calculated thermodynamic data in the research for each metal ion under study with spectrophotometric determination of each ion under study.

This paper involved, preparation of solution poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) in polar solvents ( ethanol , water) from ( 298.15 to 348.15) K under atmospheric pressure.
The effect of temperature on viscosity present experimental was studied for solutions poly vinyl alcohol that obtained from experimental data densities in the same temperature ( 298.15 to 348.15 ) K . and calculate the activation energy of viscosities for these solutions poly vinyl alcohol from arrhenius equation below :
(Ea/RT)
Ƞ=Ƞ0 exp ……………………………(1)
The values of activation energy of solution poly vinyl alcohol in water was 17.496 J while the values of activation energy of solution poly vinyl alcohol in ethanol was 18.237 J.
The different values of activation energy viscosities of these solution due to intermolecular interaction.

By application new distinguished method for separation and spectrophotometric determination of micro amount of cadmium (II) in different samples which is called onium method. And for the majority of this work include the determination optimum conditions for application this method and the study overshadowed optimum values were illustrated the wave length of maximum absorbance for onium species was λmax=260nm, and other optimum values were 0.5M HCl in the presence of 50µg/5mL of Cd2+ by using 1×10-4M of 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone at shaking time 15min. in addition to other effective parameters such as temperature, electrolyte salts, interferences. So that prepared calibration curve for spectrophotometric determination of Cd(II) in different samples.