Journal Of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies

The problem of death has become a major part of the thinking of philosophers and thinkers, as well as the search for the source of this creation, and philosophies have raised many questions about its origin and source. Philosophical currents and intellectual creations have emerged throughout the long ages of man. This form of death is an important source of philosophy and literature. Each one imagines death from its own perspective, and is primarily intended to interpret this ambiguous existing, trying to unravel the mystery of death and overcome the awe that it poses.

Throughout the ages, scholars have contested authorship in the history and the prophetic biography, Leaving a huge legacy of works, attracting a number of researchers to provide studies on the resources of scientists and their sources in their works. Among these works the Book of Imam Badr Al-Din Al-Aini (855 AH), ""Akd Al-Juman in the History of Ahl al-Zaman ", the largest of history books.Where his manuscript is in sixty-nine volumes, from the beginning of creation, until the year 850 AHI will try to answer:1- The position of Imam Al-Aini and his most important works.2 - The resources of Imam Al-Aini in the second volume of his book "Akd Al-Joman Fe Tareekh Ahl Alzaman" which related to the owners of the period and the Prophet's biography.Through the following elements: First: a brief translation of the author. Second: Introducing the book "Akd Al- Juman", and its resources in the section on the owners of the period and the Prophet's biography, and includes two topics: A - The definition of the book ""Akd Al- Juman "". B - Resources of Imam Al-Aini in the section on the owners of the period and the Prophet's biography.

One of the Muslims privileges is isnad (chain of transmitter), as nickname is a privilege to Arabs. Its function is to keep and safe the religion from replacement or alteration. The Muslims have noticed this isnad from the Sahaba period, after Sahaba period Tabi'in came and generations after them, all have concerned with isnad and cling to him firmly. We read the many of scholars, whom wrote isnads in every tradition that they receive, and also the perfect evidences (tsabt) on each book to be read, even every knowledge they have learned. In the fiqh knowledge, Imam al-Nawawi (d. 676 AH) stated, that the chain of fiqh learning for followers Shafi’ite school with Imam al-Shafi'i himself than to the Prophet is very important obligation and highly valued, that should be known by a faqih and fiqh student, the unfamiliarity with him is infamy. Indeed, teachers in every knowledge is a father in the religion that connecting with God of Universe. Based on these explanations, no excuses and arguments except stipulate that the isnads are important matters of the Shari'a knowledge, especially the fiqh knowledge. Thus, the teachers and students should care for him other than informations itself.

Autism is considered one of the most difficult growing disturbances for the child , his parents and the family members who live with him . This disturbance seems ambiguous and strange in behavoural types accompanied it . Some of its behavoural aspects interfere with some symptoms of defect and other disturbances . The first research work has started in field of autism by publishing two scientific papers in separated years 1943 , 1944 . It had been done by two doctors . The first has been done by Leokanner and the second by Hans Asperger . Both of them were born and brought up in Vienna but Kanns went to USA and he wrote his historical paper in English but the work presented by Asperger had stayed unknown for many years . It is probably that he had published his research in Germany during the Second World War. It is important to say as Bleuer ( 1916-1951) that both Kanns and Asperger had used the term ( autistic ) to indicate those children who could see at that time , so the term of ( autism ) was formed earlier in twentieth century . Autism is considered one of special categories that started to take care of it and gave a great importance in the last period as a result of child's suffering from this point from general growing defect which affects the different growth aspects for the child and leads to be alone and isolated with himself or herself . Autism is considered one of the most difficult growing defects for the child . The problem of the research had come up from educational philosophy that take care of disable persons based on ( each child of special needs ( disable ) has the ability of teaching and progressing ). The current research attempts to reach the following target :--To know the difference of statistic indications in pre-test and following test for lonely children. The study has reached through specifying the lonely children of this study whose number is ( 10 ) male and female children dividing in ( 5 ) male children and ( 5 ) female children . The research has reached that there are differences of statistic indications for the following test on pre-test . This indicates that there is a very effective effect for educational programme for the sample of lonely children and that enable him to depend on themselves and their independence in their daily life and to live with society.

Diversity is an important necessity to find the optimal design and enjoy the final appearance qualities. Multiple technologies show the achievement of aesthetic values that have the effect of achieving the desired popularity of fabrics. The interaction between technical diversity and design show comes in order to reach design goals. Based on the foregoing, the problem of research is formulated in question. How effective is the technical diversity in the design display of fabrics? In order to reach the desired results, the objective of the research is to determine the effectiveness of technical diversity in the design of the fabric. The importance of the research is that it may contribute to the development of awareness among specialists in the field of textiles, and identified the study to study the effectiveness of technical diversity in the display designs of women's fabrics of Chinese and Turkish origin, for the period 2010-2012. The researcher then defined the relevant terms including: effectiveness, diversity, technology, fabric design, design display of fabrics. Then the second chapter, theoretical framework and previous studies were the most prominent axes of effectiveness and diversity, technical and demonstration and then the researcher presented a set of indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework, including that the quality of raw materials and techniques of printing and chemically and mechanically processed such as (bleaching, dyeing, printing, cutting, etc.), reflected In the final display of the cloth and the appearance of qualities, exploring the various technical and technical methods implemented on the surface of the cloth and increase the experience, drives to think and create distinctive work of a creative nature helps to develop the design idea.And then the third chapter of the research procedures, where the researcher adopted the descriptive approach, the research community consists of designs of modern women's fabrics available in local markets in Iraq of Chinese and Turkish origin, for the period from 2010-2012 and represent the research community with (100) models. (8) samples were chosen intentionally and the researcher set the requirement of technical diversity as a criterion in the selection of the research sample and to reach the achievement of the research objectives, a questionnaire has been designed to contribute to achieving its objectives. Honesty has had a fundamental effect in confirming sample analysis. And then the fourth chapter, which presented the results of the research, including that the technical effects of the printing used on the aesthetic of the design in terms of accuracy in details and multicolor, most of the printing methods with mechanical technology has a characteristic, as Attempts to use more than one technique have appeared on a single canvas, giving better results on the final display of the cloth aesthetically and mechanically. After the completion of the results show the researcher recommended the need to pay attention to the adoption of modern techniques contribute to the achievement of aesthetic design values of the ideas put forward, including the new computer software or executive techniques, and activate a mechanism for the selection of technical diversity and link it to the apparent qualities of fabrics, including color and texture, and after the completion of the results show and determine Recommendations The researcher proposed to study (the technical diversity of printing on fabrics and its impact on the establishment of a special method for designer fabrics), and the research is attached to a list of Arab and foreign sources and appendices.

Education is the basis of the development and prosperity of society over the ages, as one of the manifestations of civilizational progress in various aspects of life, especially intellectual, as he called Islam since its inception to science and education, stressing its importance and virtues, and the need to achieve all kinds and types.The educational centers that appeared in the countries of Morocco and Andalusia (Alkatibip - mosques - and the emergence of schools later) contributed to raise the level of education and knowledge of students who were receiving education in these centers.The fatwas wrote to the great interest in the education of boys, they pointed out, for example, the method of beatings, which was considered by some to be successful to discipline boys in education, and was among the conditions laid down by scholars can not be infringed upon.

‘Women’ is the one of the subjects that poets and writers have been, since ancient times, most interested in. Old poets addressed the topic of ‘women’ in their poets mostly as ‘the beloved’. Women’s role was often used to be negative, and become, with the pass of time, more negative. In contemporary Persian poetry that witness considerable changes and development, especially the social poetry, women’s role changed accordingly, as they could break their confining frameworks and began to take a different role. In this study, the researcher considered the position of women in the works of the Iranian poetess Sabeeda Kashani. The features and characteristics of women, be they outer or inner, were discussed with praise or criticism, besides the different roles of women in poetry, the biography of the poetess as a woman, Muslim women and legendary women

1-Time has dual retroactive structure changing from resent to past by using dreams and irony.2-This structural element controls the character in the collection. Semantically, this reflects the theme of reality mirroring the writer's pessimistic view as his stories echoing the absurdity of life. 3-The emotions of the writer are connected psychologically to the time by the emotions of fear, anxiety, dismay, sadness, and pain which are reflected in the collection by using the words (sunset, winter, darkness, night, and withdrawal). Such words are used heavily in the collection.

The current research aims to find out: (Effect of inverted thinking strategies and imagination guided in group of students fifth scientific in the literature and texts). To achieve the current research objectives, the researcher formulated the following hypotheses:- There is no statistically significant difference at (0.05) between the average score of students of the first experimental group who study literature and texts with the strategy of inverted thinking and the average score of students of the control group who study literature and texts in the traditional way of achievement.There was no statistically significant difference at (0.05) between the average score of the students of the second experimental group who study literature and texts with the guided visualization, and the average score of the students of the control group who study it in the traditional method of achievement.There is no statistically significant difference at (0.05) among the average scores of the first group students who study literature and texts with the strategy of inverted thinking and the average scores of the students of the second experimental group, which they study in the strategy of guided visualization in achievement.This research was limited to students of the fifth grade scientific in the secondary and secondary schools of Babil province for the academic year 2016-2017. During the period of the experiment, the researcher studied the following topics: Ibn Zaidoun, Hamdouna Bint Ziad, and Ibn Shakil Andalusi, literature in later times, poetry and prose, Religion ornaments, son of Maatouk Musawi).The researcher adopted a experimental design with partial control of three groups (two experimental groups) and a third accurate. She chose Tulatula preparatory school for girls from among the middle and secondary schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education of Babil Governorate. The number of students in the fifth grade was 136 students, the first experimental group consisted of (46) forty-six students studied in reverse thinking. The second experimental group (43) included forty-three students who studied the guided visualization, while the third accurate group was consist of (47) forty-seven students studied in the traditional way.The researcher balanced between the three research groups in variables: the age of the female students calculated in months, the grades of the Arabic language in the first semester test (half year) for the previous academic year 2016_2017, and the academic achievement of the parents.It also prepared teaching plans for the subjects of literature and texts in the content of the book and the behavioral goals formulated. The experiment began on Wednesday, 7/3/2017 and ended on Thursday, 27/4/2017. The test was applied to the three research groups (the experimental groups) and the control group The researcher had already tested another group of the same students of the research community of the Madiha al-Bairmani preparatory test on Monday, 3/4/2017 to correct the answers to the test after it was confirmed its validity and stability.The researcher used the following statistical methods to analyze the data and to extract the results: the analysis of the mono-variance, the coefficient of the stability of the cider of the decider, the Spearman-Brown equation, the kai square (Ka 2), the equation of difficulty, the equation of the coefficient of discrimination, the equation of the effectiveness of the alternatives, The study yielded the following results:- There was no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the first experimental group of students who studied literature and texts with guided exploration, the average scores of the students of the second experimental group studied by semi-directed exploration, and the average scores of the students of the third experimental group who studied them freely in the test of written expression.- There was a statistically significant difference between the average score of the first experimental group (who studied literature and texts in reverse thinking) and the average score of students of the second experimental group (studied by guided visualization) for the second experimental group in the achievement test.- There is a statistically significant difference between the average score of the students of the first experimental group (who studied literature and texts in reverse thinking) and the average score of the students of the control group (who studied them in the traditional way) for the first experimental group in the achievement test.- There was a statistically significant difference between the average score of the second experimental group (who studied the literature and the texts with the guided visualization) and the average score of the students of the control group (who studied it in the traditional way) for the second experimental group in the achievement test.In crux of the results of the current research, the researcher recommended the need for teachers to use the types of thinking and imagination in teaching, for the effectiveness of each of them to draw the attention of students to the lesson and their integration with the material, as well as to throw the curriculum in the preparatory stage to the development of thought and creativity, and teaching the student how to think and not how to save from During the course of the lesson, and the need to hold training courses for teachers and update them on all new in the field of modern teaching methods and urged them to use to expand students' mental perception and encourage them to think, and to complete this research suggested similar research For the current search in other variables, such as reading or expression.

The Quran is not limited to the dialect of a particular tribe, or to a geographical spot. It is a universal message that exceeds the accuracy of its meanings and the quality of its dialects. The words of this verse are many in the Holy Quran, and it is easy to monitor those who know the dialects of the Arabs and the linguistic uses of the Arab tribes. The Qur'anic verses differed according to the different dialects of the Arabs and the different narrators. The Holy Quran came down with one letter on one prophet But the readers traded with him letters resulted from different narrators and dialects. The scholars of Hilla stopped the readings.We will highlight in this research the position of the scholars of Hilla from the Quranic readings, in addition to their position on the differentiation between the Koranic readings considered. Their attention will be evident to the reader after the idea of a lack of interest in Hilla scientists in this field is welcome.

The study aimed at finding out the effect of the cognitive modeling strategy in the collection of social subjects in the sixth grade pupils. To verify the research objective and hypothesis, a sample of sixth grade pupils was selected in the Makassed Boys School of the General Directorate for the Education of Babel. Two divisions of the sixth grade were selected, Officer. The study sample was 46 (23) students in the experimental group and (23) students in the control group. The researcher conducted equivalence in the variables (age, calculated by months, intelligence, and previous year) The Kai-square, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the difficulty factor of the substantive paragraphs, and the strength coefficient of the paragraph). At the end of the experiment, the researcher found that there is a statistically significant difference at the level of (0,05) between the average score of the students of the experimental group which was studied using the cognitive modeling strategy to teach the social subjects for the sixth grade of the primary and the average grades of the students of the control group, And for the benefit of the experimental group.

The declared purpose of the geographical revelations was, as is well known to find ways to reach the Far East, especially India, for the purpose of trade directly without going through the Mediterranean to avoid the monopoly of Venetian merchants and the control of the Turks.The second objective was adopted by the religious institution is to spread the Christian religion and to stop the spread of Islam has been stated by Columbus on his return from the first flight, and noted that the Spaniards were given the right to themselves to expand and control over all the land discovered and declared Spanish land as Columbus did fly the flag of Castile on the first land and the brunt of his feet.This research paper is an attempt to study the early stages of the control of the Spaniards in the New World and the establishment of the Spanish crown colonies in large areas of the Latin continent and to know their true goals and their dealings with the indigenous population is known lack of historical studies in this vital area in the continent of Latin America.

As each work has an end, and each scientific effort concludes, the research ultimately wishes to recall its most important findings: 1- Detect of the research that one of the miracles of the Holy Quran carried the verbal joint on all meanings unless there is a presumption that prevents one of its meanings, as it addresses all ages and various aspects of miracle.2- One of the most important standards in the statement of the miracle of the Holy Quran is the grammatical standard, it reveals the miracles of the book of God Almighty. 3- That one of the most important distinguishing features of the Holy Quran in its miracles is its words that suit its semantic development. The word in the Holy Quran is placed in a place suitable for all times and places. 4- After taking an example of each type of Eloquence, we find that Eloquence Standards and their study are important in discovering the miracle of the Holy Quran and understanding its precious signs.

The paper discusses the semantic relation between using the proper meaning and the figurative meaning in Juz’ ‘Amma. Through the pragmatic perspective, the paper analyses some verses of this part explaining that sometimes, the two main kinds of figurative speech (Synecdoche and mental trope) convey proper meanings. The analytical examples show that this Qur’anic stylistic technique represents a promotion of the semantic function and the rhetoric values.

The influence of Imam al_Ridha(peace be upon him) on the languages of his era: . 1- Imam Ali bin Musa al_ Ridha(peace be upon him) left excellent effects on a number of languages, especially in the Arabic literature. He had a very lofty sence in poetry, he said poetry once and senced it again, and wrote poetry as well. 2- Prose was not far from the Imam al_ Ridha(peace be upon him), but it was present in most of his sermons and arguments in which he surpassed all his antagonists during arguments. 3- Imam al_Ridha(peace be upon him) left an impact on the speakers of the languages such Roman, Persian, Sindhi, and others, where he spoke to them in these languages, proving to them his high ability and removing doubts about his Imamate after his father Imam al_ Kadhum(peace be upon him).