Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences

The current study aimed to determine the effect of the seasons on the scrotal circumference, serum concentration of testosterone and some of the chemical parameters in Nuaimie breed rams in Salah-din province. Thirteen Nuaimie rams were used in this study. They were 3-4 years old and weighed 45-55 kg reared in a herd of sheep in Tikrit for the period from 15-8-2016 to 15-7-2017. Results showed that the scrotal circumference increased significantly (P≤0.05) during autumn (30.58±0.54 cm) and reaches lowest value during summer (29±0.32 cm). Highest concentration (P≤0.05) of testosterone was recorded in winter and autumn and lowest concentration in the spring and summer. The chemical analysis of ram blood serum revealed that the season has an effect on the value of triglyceride, glucose and cholesterol and the significant increase were recorded in autumn and winter. In conclusion, the reproduction in Nuaimi breed rams is characterized by distinct seasonal variations in scrotal circumference and blood testosterone concentration and that the highest measurements of these parameters are in autumn season. The season has a clear effect on the levels of triglycerides, glucose and cholesterol in ram's blood serum, which may give a good indication of reproductive performance in rams.

Debaryomyces hansenii yeast was grown in Malt Extract Broth medium at 30 °C for 5 days until the total count reached 5.6 ×108 colony forming units/ milliliter, Monterey cheese was made from cow's milk and adding of starter bacteria Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris with D.hansenii yeast as adjunct starter in 2% for each treatment included M1 (100% starter bacteria), M2 (50% starter bacteria + 50% live D.hansenii) and M3 (50% starter bacteria + 50% dead D.hansenii),the ripening of Monterey cheese was done at 15°C and (85% relative humidity) for 56 days. The highest count of starter bacteria was 9.7 ×108 cfu/g in M1 treatment after 3 days of ripening, the lowest number of starter bacteria was 6.9 ×108 cfu/g in M2 treatment. The highest count of D.hansenii yeast was 4.3 x108 cfu/g after 3 days of ripening in M2 treatment, while the lowest count was 2.6 ×108 cfu/g in the same treatment after 56 days of ripening, no yeast was found in the treatments that had dead yeast cells, all treatments under study were decreased in the total count of coliform bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and psychrotrophic bacteria after 14 days as they were within the standard specifications of these groups of microorganisms, Then reached to zero in the late time of ripening. M2 showed the best results of sensory evaluation in taste, flavor, textures, color and bitterness after 56 days of ripening

Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of ginger )Zingier officinale) and (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) were used to investigate an antifungal activity against food spoilage fungal pathogens. Study of the inhibitory effect of these extract was done separately against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum isolated from (tomato pasts, cheese) the samples were cultured on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) at pH 5.6 and 28°C. In this study, results had shown that the extracts of Both plant demonstrated antifungal activity. When compare extracts of the two plants, C. zeylanicum extracts showed higher inhibition activity than (Zingiber officinale) extracts significantly. Ethanolic extracts of these tow plants gives significantly inhabitation in the mycelia growth of fungi more than their aqueous extracts (16-22), (19-25)mm, P. noitatum and A. niger respectively while the inhibitory observed by the aqueous extract (5-6) mm against A. niger for (6-8) mm. Against P. notatum was the most affected by all extracts while A. niger was the least susceptible. There was a significant difference (P=0.05) between groups in the antifungal activities of tested fungi, and the effectiveness of ethanolic extracts was increased with increase in their concentrations. The ability of these extracts to inhibit the growth of the two fungi must take into consideration an indication of the antifungal potency of cinnamon and Zingiber officinale, that makes them the candidate for the production of antifungal agents

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Glanders in horses of Iraq. For this reason, a serological surveillance was conducted during the period extended between November 2015 and March 2016. Four hundred and four samples of serum were collected from horses lived in eight different Iraqi provinces that were Al-Muthanna, Baghdad, Al-Najaf, Babylon, Al-Qadsyia, Diyala, Karbala and Wasit. Sera transported to the lab of clinical pathology/ department of internal and preventive veterinary medicine at Baghdad University, where they were analyzed by cELISA technique to determine the seropositivity against Burkholderia mallei. The results of sera analysis showed that 2.97 % (12 horses) were positive toward the applied test. The positive cases were recorded in Baghdad and Muthanna governorate (11 and 1, respectively). Statistical analysis revealed no significant variations (P<0.05) in the seropositivity against Glanders between different genders or ages.

The effect of adding different concentrations of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) extract on the quality of low-fat yoghurt was studied. 10, 15, 20 ml of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) extract was added to the pasteurized liquid milk contain 0.1% milk fat to purpose of giving different levels of inulin/ µg (each milliliter from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) extract contains 21 µg of inulin). The yoghurt samples were compared with the control sample produced from whole fat milk. The content of total solids in milk was adjusted to 14% by adding skim milk powder. After storage periods 1, 7, and 15 days, the chemical-physical composition of the yoghurt samples, such as pH, titratable acidity, syneresis (whey separation), the amount of acetaldehyde, and volatile fatty acids. The sensory characteristics of the samples were also evaluated during the same storage periods. It was found that the addition of Jerusalem artichoke extract containing more than 210 µg caused in increased separation of whey and consistency. The values of acetaldehyde, PH and titratable acidity were not affected by adding the Jerusalem artichoke extract. volatile fatty acid levels were affected negative. In the case of sensory evaluation of yogurt. The addition of Jerusalem artichoke extract resulted in the retention of the sensory quality grades, where the treatment control was highest, and the lowest grade was obtained in the yoghurt samples containing 420 μg of inulin. Overall, the quality characteristics of the yoghurt containing 210 μg inulin was similar to the quality characteristics of the control like yoghurt made from whole milk.

This study was conducted to assess the antioxidant status and hypolipidemic role of purified diosgenin extracted from fenugreek seeds in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and atherogenic diet experimentally induced oxidative stress male rats. Hexane and chloroform were used for the extraction of diosgenin from ground fenugreek seeds. Purification of extracted fraction was carried out on Sephadex LH-20 column using ethyl acetate as eluent, homogenous symmetrical peak was obtained, and thin layer chromatography on silica gel confirmed that purified fraction is diosgenin in compression to standard diosgenin and the calculated Rf values. The antioxidant scavenging activity was carried out using 2, 2, 1 diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the result showed that purified diosgenin has an antioxidant activity 13.68 μg/ml while the corresponding values for vitamin C and butylated hydroxyl toluene were 8.43 and 7.26 μg/ml respectively. Fifteen adult Albino male rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups, and treated for six weeks as follows; G1 group served as control, G2: Animals of this group were received drinking water containing 0.75% H2O2 and atherogenic diet, Group 3; Rats of this group were given drinking water containing 0.75% H2O2 and atherogenic diet plus 40 mg purified diosgenin/ kg B.W. dissolved in 0.5 ethyl acetate daily by gavages needle. Fasting blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture technique at 0, third and sixth weeks of experiment. The results revealed that rats in G2 exposed to oxidative stress (0.75% H2O2 plus atherogenic diet) showed a significant elevation (P<0.05) in serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C) as well as in malondialdehyde (MDA), and significant suppression in serum high density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-C) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations in comparison to the animals in the first group (G1 group). Intubation of 40 mg/kg B.W. of purified diosgenin was caused a significant alteration in the lipid profile of the treated group (G3), manifested by significant reduction (P<0.05) in serum TC, TAG, LDL-C and significant elevation in HDL-C. Antioxidant status also exhibits significant changes manifested by an elevation of serum GSH and reduction in MDA concentration in G3 group animals. This study has shown the significant role of diosgenin as hypolipidemic agent and its role in restores of the oxidative stress.

Infection with Salmonella Typhimurium causes systemic infection and gastroenteritis in human and animals. Polyphenols especially in grape seeds have immunomodulation anti-inflammatory effects and antimicrobial activities. The current study was designed to investigate the antibacterial activity of GSP on the amelioration of liver and intestinal tissues inflammation and cell apoptosis induced by S. Typhimurium in infected mice. The parameters which were used in this study, including that determention the histopathological changes in liver and intestinal paraffin embedded block tissue and cells apoptosis that confirmed by using Dead End™ Fluorometric (TUNEL System). The histopathological changes in the liver and intestinal tissues showed less changes with potent inflammatory response in the treated groups, that lead to the decreasing of pathological sings in liver and intestinal tissue and showed lower apoptotic activity

This study was designed to evaluate some immunological and nutritional effects of three types of Sacchromyces boulardii yeasts, which was, Mutant Iraqi Isolate (Mutant Saccharomyces boulardii) MSb, commercial strain (Commercial Saccharomyces boulardii) CSb and Local Iraqi Isolate (Local Saccharomyces boulardii) LSb, in the weight and the level of both interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the mice orally administered with yeasts inoculum for 30 days before and after infected with Salmonella typhimurium. The results shown significant losing in the weights and significant increase in the level of IL-10, but there are no significant difference in the levels of IFN-γ at )P>0.05) in mice administered with MSb, CSb and LSb yeasts before infected with S. typhimurium. The results also shown significant difference in the weights, significant increase in the level of IL-10 and significant decrease in the level of IFN-γ at )P>0.05) in mice administered with MSb, CSb and LSb yeasts after infected with S. typhimurium. Despite the effectiveness of three species of yeasts in these parameters before and after infection, but MSb was the most efficiency

The experiment was conducted in the field of animal production of the research ruminants- Office of Research- Ministry of Agriculture in the region of Akrokov 25 km northwest of Baghdad for the period from 16/3/2016 to 4/6/2016, and the objective of the experiment was the effect of addition of different levels of fibrolytic enzymes. The concentrate diet on some characteristics biochemical blood lactating Ewes Awassi, In the first experiment, 26 pregnant sheep were used In the late stage and before birth and at the age of 3-5 years, With a weight of 67 kg, The first experiment lasted 42 days preceded by 10 days introductory period The ewes were divided into four groups, each with 6 ewes, of which 15 were born, Treatment control 3 ewes, first treatment 5 ewes, second treatment 4 ewes, third treatment 3 ewes, The trial period was divided into three successive periods from birth every 14 days, The first period of 0-14 days and the second period of 15-28 days and the third period of 29 to 42 days of the milk cycle began, Control group without enzyme and treatment of the first, second and third enzyme concentration 1,3,5 kg/t respectively. The preliminary period is 10 days ahead, The results showed that: The addition of fibrolytic enzymes to the cencenterate diet of the fodder resulted in Significant increase (P<0.01) was observed at the general rate of concentration of urea, The concentration of urea was significantly increased only in T3, while cholesterol was significantly higher in all treatments compared to the control treatment. And significantly increased triglycerides in T2 compared to all other treatments. Very high-density lipoprotein was increased in T1 treatment with control treatment C, as well as significant increase (P≤0.05) high-density lipoprotein in treatment T1 compared to treatment control C and the recording of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly higher in T2 compared to all treatments triglyceride, and very high-density lipoprotein, (P<0.05) for high density lipoprotein (LDL) and low-density lipoprotein. LDL was significantly increased in T3 compared to T1. The serum AST (T3) was significantly increased in T3 compared to T2, T1 in the serum of lactating ewes.

The objective of this study is the selection of X epididymal spermatozoa of local buck by discontinuous ficoll density gradient and using these spermatozoa for in vitro fertilization and identify the ratio of produced female embryos after identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Epididymal spermatozoa were harvested from the cauda epididymis by slicing, and then spermatozoa were estimated and submitted to in vitro maturation and capacitation prior to separation of X from Y bearing spermatozoa and use for in vitro fertilization. Modified discontinuous ficoll density gradient method used for the separation of X and Y-bearing sperm by using 3 layers of discontinuous ficoll (60, 40, and 20%) or 4 layers of discontinuous ficoll (80, 72, 64, and 50%). The centrifugation applied at 200×g or 300×g. In the protocol of 3 layers of discontinuous ficoll (60, 40, and 20%) and centrifugation at 200×g and 300×g the results showed that the mean of the sperms at the 3rd was 79.014 ± 3.12 and 79.39 ± 2.11 respectively and this show the sperms was not completely separated. In the protocol of 4 layers of discontinuous ficoll (80, 72, 64, and 50%) and centrifugation at 200×g showed that the mean of the sperms at the 4th layer was (42.79 ± 1.38) as compared with the first three layers and with the protocol centrifugation at 300×g. The mean of the sperm lost showed (7.066 ± 0.56) and a little percent from centrifugation at 300×g showed 11.28 ± 1.55. Oocytes collected from ovaries which obtained from the slaughter house then matured oocyte was applied. The maturation rate for grade A and B used for IVF by spermatozoa after ficoll density gradient it was 67.60% and 52.74%, while the fertilization rate for the grade A and B was 70.68% and 78.26% respectively. The sex of embryos was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for detection of SRY gene. The percentage of goat embryos obtained by IVF by sperms selected with ficoll density techniques after centrifugation at 200×g at different stage of development was 70.13%. The percentage of the male embryos was 16.67% while the female embryos was 83.33%. The results showed that the best method for selection of female embryos was by using 4 layers of discontinuous ficoll gradient method (80, 72, 64, and 50 %) with centrifugation at 200×g.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is widely spread in Iraqi chicken that is associated with notable economic losses. Current study was carried out to identify NDV in the North of Baghdad by employing a Molecular methods based on the Real-Time PCR technique, the primers and the probe also were designed based on the conserved fragment coding matrix protein(M gene).These genes of virus show the highest level of conservation, and therefore the test is adaptable for detection of NDV. In the current study, 14 clinically suspicious birds believed to be infected with ND, had been chosen from 14 different commercial poultry farms in various areas of North Baghdad brought to the Aurok and Al-Emad Lab. Baghdad/ Iraq. The infected birds were examined and the tissue samples collected from ceca tonsils, spleens, trachea, lungs and brains of each farm. These samples were submitted to examination directly by Real-time PCR. The Results of the samples collected from 14 poultry flocks were showed positive results in ten samples with the SYBR Green I real-time PCR and the other 4 flocks failed to show any positive results with both gene primers.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cereal sources (maize or wheat) and omitting premix from finisher diets (from 29 to 42 days of age) on broiler performance, carcass measurements, and blood biochemical properties. Before starting an experiment, chicks were fed on two dietaries (240 chicks/maize-soybean meal and 240 chicks/wheat-soybean meal diets) from one-day old to 28 d of age. Four hundred and eighty day-old Ross-308 male broiler chicks were used in a 14-day trial (from 3/11/2016 to 16/11/2016). The experiment consisted of 4 treatments as follows: Treatment 1, no withdrawn of premix from maize-soybean meal diets, treatment 2, withdrawal premix from maize-soybean meal diets, treatment 3, no withdrawn of premix from wheat-soybean meal based diets and treatment 4, withdrawal premix from wheat-soybean meal diets. Each dietary treatment consisted of 8 replicates (15 birds/ pen). Body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratios, carcass parameters, blood biochemical properties were not affected by the withdrawal of vitamin and trace mineral premixes from maize-based diets, but the reduction in body weight gain, relative weight of heart, bursa of Fabricius and abdominal fat was noticed in birds fed wheat-based diets deficient in vitamins-minerals premixes. Blood biochemical properties were not affected by cereal type and vitamins-minerals premix withdrawal

This study was performed to know the effect of ammonia on the blood picture and the weight of common carp fish. 50 fish were used at the age of 6 months and were divided into two groups. Each group included 25 fish. The first group represented the treatment group with ammonia at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ L. and the second group represented control group. It is grown in plastic basins with dimensions of 1.5 × 2 meters and continued treatment for four weeks. It was observed that the weight in the ammonium treatment group had the lowest significant value (p≤0.05) compared to the control group. It was also observed in this study that the ammonia group had the lowest significant values in (white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration and Packed cell volume) compared with control group. As for the biochemical parameters, it was observed that the Glucose concentration and each of the enzymes Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) had a record the highest value in the group treated with ammonia compared with the control group while the total protein recorded the lowest significant value in the group treated with ammonia Compared to control group. We conclude from this study that increasing the concentration of ammonia in the aquatic environment has a negative impact on fish breeding and health.

This study aims to study the effect of fortification of soft white cheese with some zinc salts at different levels include 100 and 200 mg.kgˉ¹ from zinc sulphate and zinc acetate, on some physiochemical and sensory properties of the soft white cheese after one day from the manufacturing to 14 day of storage. The results indicated that there was no significant effects for cheese fortification with zinc salts during all storage periods on the sensory properties of the soft cheese. The results indicate some effects on the values of physiochemical properties for the fortified cheese, moisture percentages was decreased with increasing storage periods, while the values of protein, Carbohydrates and ash were increase with time of storage. Zinc concentration in soft Cheese increased with the increase of the addition of Zinc salts for all treatments.
Key Words: Soft Cheese, Fortification, Zinc Salts

This experiment was conducted in animal felid/ University of Baghdad/ College of Agriculture/ Animal production from 9/11/2016 until 9/1/2017. Twelve growing Awassi ewes lambs weighted 29.13 ±1.50 kg and 8-10 month old were used in this study, the lambs were divided into three individual groups (4 animals/ group) receive the dietary treatments contain 0.2 and 4% tallow, animals were fed concentrate at 2.5% of body weight, Alfalfa hay was given ad libitum basis as the roughage, The results found that: No significant difference between groups in total and daily concentrate, roughage and total feed intake, However, final body weight not affected by the experimental diets, total and daily weight gain had higher values (p<0.05) in diets containing 2 and 4% tallow, feed conversion efficiency improved significantly (P<0.05) in 4% tallow diet compared to other groups. It can be concluded that added tallow to sheep diets improved some productive performance such as total and daily weight gain, feed conversion efficiency. Excess animal fats from human consumption can be used as an energy source in ruminants feeds. Thus benefiting from excess animal fats from human consumption as a source of energy in ruminants' rations.

This experiment was conducted in the animal field of the Department of Animal Husbandry at the College of Agriculture/ University of Baghdad and used 9 cows Holstein after the highest milk production period 2-4 months, which were divided randomly to three groups of each group 3 cows. The first group was fed on a control diet that consisted of concentrated feed without adding. The second group was fed on a control diet plus 30% anise untreated. The third group was fed a control diet plus 30% anise treated with formaldehyde for protect it from degradable in rumen. Milk from these cows was used Manufacture of yoghurt and jellies N White soft Iraqi after conducting chemical tests for him. The results of the experiment indicated that the addition of anise resulted in a clear increase in the ratio of total solids, which included protein, fat and lactose for milk produced from cows fed on the diet added to the anise, and the increase was more in milk produced from cows fed on a diet added to the unused anise. The results of the chemical tests conducted for these treatments showed no significant differences in corrective acidity and pH values between the three treatments after one day of production. The acidity of all the treatments increased with a decrease in pH by the storage period at ± 2 °C. (7) to reach 0.98- 1.059 after 7 days The results of pH of the fat also showed no significant differences between the values of this characteristic of the three treatments at the beginning of manufacturing, but there was a significant increase in all treatments after seven days of storage cooled at 7 m, Science The differences in the value of the pH of the fat were not significantly between transactions. When the soft white cheese was processed, it was observed that the time of milk coagulation in the control treatment was within the optimal limits for coagulation and the incidence was 45 minutes for full coagulation, while the milk in the dry anise treatment took 40 minutes to coagulate either in the treatment of anise treated with formaldehyde. It was 55 minutes. This may be due to the increase in total solids, including protein, in the treatment of dry anise milk and its reduction in the treatment of the aniseed milk used in formaldehyde. The percentage of humidity in the treated anise plant increased to 68% compared to 63% in dry anise treatment, which was less than the control treatment (65%), while the fat percentage was lower in the last two treatments with a percentage of 24% Control which was 25%. When we observe the percentage of reflux, we find that the highest percentage of filtration was in the treatment of aniseed milk treated with formaldehyde, reaching 15%. Producers of yoghurt and soft cheese produced from the milk produced chemical, microbial and sensory properties that exceeded the treatment of control throughout the refrigerated product maintenance period, which lasted for 7 days. It is concluded from the experiment that adding anise to the feed provided to the cows contributed to improving the quality of the milk produced more than the anise treated with formaldehyde. The use of milk produced in the manufacture of milk and soft white Iraqi cheese contributed to improve the qualities of these products and prolong the life of the reservoir

This study was carried out to explore the adding effect of alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots and some antioxidants to Tris extender on post-cryopreserved sperm's cell individual motility and live sperm percentages of Holstein bulls for different preservation periods (cooling at 5°C, 2, 30 and 60 days post cryopreservation, PC). Eight Holstein bulls of 2.5-3 years of age were used in this study. Semen was collected via artificial vagina in one ejaculate per bull per week for the 7-week experimental period. Pooled semen was equally divided into eight treatments using Tris extender. The alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots (0.03 ml/ 50 ml extender; T2), L-Carnitine (0.06g/ 50 ml extender; T3), reduced glutathione (0.03 g/ 50 ml extender; T4), vitamin C (0.2 g/ 50 ml extender; T5), L-Carnitine; 0.06g/ 50 ml extender + alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots; 0.03 ml/ 50 ml extender (T6), reduced glutathione; 0.03 g/ 50 ml extender + alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots; 0.03 ml / 50 ml extender (T7) and vitamin C; 0.2 g/ 50 ml extender + alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots; 0.03 ml/ 50 ml extender (T8) were added to Tris extender and comparisons in response were made with the control group (Tris extender, A1). The total phenolic compound of the extract was 124.38 ± 5.05 mg GAE/ g extract and the extract with 0.01 and 0.03% did not hemolyze the red blood cells and had not poisoning effect on blood cells. The T2 group exhibited higher (P≤0.05) sperm's cells individual motility and live sperm percentage as compared with the T1 group at all preservation periods. On the other hand, T3 group was significantly (P≤0.05) exhibited greater percentages of sperm's cells individual motility and live sperms percentages in comparison with the T1 group at all preservation periods. In conclusion, the adding of alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots (0.03 ml/ 50 ml extender) and L-Carnitine (0.06g/ 50 ml extender) to Tris extender had an obvious influence in enhancing the sperm's cell individual motility and live sperm percentages of Holstein bulls at different cooling and cryopreservation periods as compared with the control (T1) group. This may contribute to a positive enhancement in conception and pregnancy rates of the inseminated cows, and consequently increase the owner's economic income

This study was conducted to explore the effect of adding aqueous extract of Melissa officinalis leaves (AEMOL), some antioxidants and their combinations to the milk-based extender for increase on sperm's cells individual motility percentage on and live sperms percentage semen for Holstein bulls following different preservation periods. The study was executed at the Department of Artificial Insemination, Abu-Ghraib belong to the Directorate of Animal Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, during the period from October 2015 to February 2016 using ten Holstein bulls of 2.5-3 years old. Semen was collected via artificial vagina in one ejaculate per bull per week for the 7-week experimental period. Pooled semen was equally divided into ten groups within one experiment. In this experiment, AEMOL (0.062mg/100 ml; A2), WEMOL (0.031 mM) + 5 mM of vitamin C (A3), AEMOL (0.062mg/100 ml + 0.08 mM of Trolox (A4),AEMOL (0.062mg/100 ml + 100 IU of catalase (A5),100 IU of catalase (A6), 5 mM of vitamin C (A7), 0.08 mM of Trolox (A8), 0.2 mM of vitamin E (A9) and AEMOL (0.062mg/100 ml +0.2 mM of vitamin E (A10). The effect of these additives on semen characteristics of Holstein bulls for different preservation periods (cooling at 5◦C, 48 hrs., 1, 2 and 3 months post cryopreservation, PC) were studied. The A2 group exhibited greater (P≤ 0.01) sperm's cell individual motility, live sperm percentage, as compared with A1 group at all preservation periods. Greater sperm's cells individual motility, live sperm percentage noticed in A4 group in comparison with the A1 group at all preservation time periods. On the other hand, A5 group exhibited greater (P≤ 0.01) sperm's cell individual motility, live sperm percentage, as well as, adding of vitamin E alone (A9) or combined with AEMOL (A10) to milk-based extender had a positive (P≤ 0.01) effect in improving sperm's cell individual motility and live sperm percentage at all preservation time periods. In conclusion, adding of AEMOL as alone or combined with the other synthetic antioxidants to milk-based extenders had a crucial role in improving PC sperm's cell individual motility and live sperm percentage of Holstein bulls. This was reflected positively on increasing pregnancy rates of the inseminated cows.

This study was conducted to explore the effect of adding aqueous extract of Melissa officinalis leaves (AEMOL), some antioxidants to Tris extender on sperm’s plasma membrane and acrosome integrity for Holstein bulls following different preservation periods. The study was executed at the Department of Artificial Insemination, Abu-Ghraib belong to the Directorate of Animal Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, during the period from October 2015 to February 2016 using ten Holstein bulls of 2.5-3 years old. Semen was collected via artificial vagina in one ejaculate per bull per week for the 7-week experimental period. Pooled semen was equally divided into ten groups using Tris extender. In this experiment, AEMOL (0.062mg/100 ml; A2), WEMOL (0.062mg/100 ml) + 5 mM of vitamin C (A3), AEMOL (0.062mg/100 ml + 0.08 mM of Trolox (A4), AEMOL (0.062mg/100 ml + 100 IU of catalase (A5),100 IU of catalase (A6), 5 mM of vitamin C (A7), 0.08 mM of Trolox (A8), 0.2 mM of vitamin E (A9) and AEMOL (0.062mg/100 ml +0.2 mM of vitamin E (A10) and comparisons in response were made with the control group (Tris extender, A1). The effect of these additives on semen characteristics of Holstein bulls for different preservation periods (cooling at 5◦C, 48 h, 1, 2 and 3 months post cryopreservation, PC) were studied. The A2 group exhibited greater (P≤0.01) plasma membrane and acrosome integrity percentage as compared with A1 group at all preservation time periods. Greater (P≤ 0.01) plasma membrane and acrosome integrity percentage were noticed in comparison with the A1 group at all preservation time periods. On the other hand, A5 group exhibited greater (P≤ 0.01) plasma membrane and acrosome integrity percentage, as well as, Adding of vitamin E alone (A9) or combined with AEMOL (A10) to Tris extender had positive (P≤ 0.01) effect in improving all the semen characteristics at all preservation time periods. In conclusion, adding of AEMOL as alone or combined with the other synthetic antioxidants to Tris extenders had a crucial role in improving PC sperm's plasma membrane and acrosome integrity percentage of Holstein bulls. This was reflected positively in increasing pregnancy rates of the inseminated cows and owner's income consequently.

This study was carried out in The Ruminant Research Station (Abu Ghraib)/ Department of Animal Resources Research/ Office of Agricultural Research/ Ministry of Agriculture during the period from July 6, 2017 to Feb 3, 2018. Twenty one non pregnant Awassi Turkish ewes were used in the experiment. The age of the animals ranged between 2-5 years old with a weight ranged between 45-70kg. Befor insert CIDR, The animals were examined with ultrasonography to be sure that they were not pregnant. These ewes were divided into three equal groups of 7 ewes/ treatment. They were fed naturally on basal diet. The first group were not treated (T1) which serve Control group, and injected with 5-10 ml of normal saline in intramuscular. Ewes of Second group were Treated (T2) by injected with a 155 µmol/kg arginine I.V. The Third group were Treated (T3) by injected with 155µmol/kg arginine intramuscular. All Treated ewes were inseminated by rams for 7 days. The inseminate rams were revolved among folds to get rid of their effects on ewes, Each inseminated ram was given a number. Blood samples were taken from jugular vein on the 1st and 2nd days of arginine injection and then insert CIDR and on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th,13th ,and 16th days of this treatment to measure the change in the levels of a blood and chemical properties during arginine treatment. The results of a lab. analysis during the treatment of amino acid arginine showed no significant differences between the treated group with arginine as compared to the control group in the percentages of white blood cells, but there were a differences in the number of Neutrophils in the group of intravenous injection, the group of intramuscular injection, (75.14, 75.00), respectively as compared with control group (71.0). Lymphocytes showed no significant differences between parameters under study as well as for Eosinophil. The differences were observed between the coefficients and the study periods. The period (4) was significantly superior (P<0.05) in the arginine treated as Compared with the control group, (20.42 ± 2.61) and the percentage of intravenous injection (17.28±1.98), respectively compared with a control group (19.00 ± 2.51), as for Basophil, there was a gradual decrease in all study groups. The results showed that the value of cholesterol a significant superiority (P<0.05) in the treated group with arginine in ewes serum as compared with the control group. It was noticed that the group of intravenous injection of arginine significantly increase the group of intramuscular injection of arginine (P<0.05) (6, 8) in blood cholesterol level. The periods (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7) of injection of amino acid arginine showed no significant differences between them. The glucose concentration level, showed no significant differences between the arginine amino acid treatment group and the control group and at the different. It was concluded from this study that treatment with amino acid arginine did not affect characteristics of the blood, and its chemical properties.