Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences

This study deals with experimental work implementing to recover the benefit by changing the shape of the tube in heat exchanger (HE) and improving the heat transfer using water as the working fluid. The experimental tests were carried out in build and design a complete test system for counter flow heat exchanger. The tested system consisting of a copper tube with (1m) length (17.05) mm inner diameter (19.05) mm outer diameter, fixed concentric within the outer tube was made of a material PVC. With an “inner diameter (ID) (43 mm) and outer diameter (OD) (50 mm)” isolated from the outside by using insulating material to reduce heat loss. The modify tube was manufacture containing transverse grooves with the depth equivalent to the half thickness of the copper tube. The distance between the grooves on the outer surface of the copper tube is take as a ratio between (0.5, 1) from the outer tube diameter. The laboratory experiment use the hot water at a flow rate ranging between (1-5) LPM, passes in the inner copper tube. As well as the cooling water with the mass flow rate ranging between (3-7) LPM. Three temperatures were the hot fluid are the adoption of (40, 50 and 60) oC and (25) oC the cold fluid. The experiment result showed that the improvement for temperature difference ranging from (14.94 % to 43.2 %) for both corrugated tubes with respect to smooth tube.

Productivity is one of the major objectives in team working, and among others aim as efficiency, quality, etc. It is a mean to success in any business. Many of previous studies compare between team productivity in Face To Face communication (FTF) and Computer –mediate Communication (CMC) without considerate factors effects on this productivity which related with partners behavior and manners. This paper studies the correlation between these factors and team productivity in both methods of communication styles. The methodology adopted in this research is the experimental work to measure team productivity into methods during the execution phase. The results show a strong correlation factor between team productivity and total number of work related words in both FTF and CMC for each time interval and this relation was negative in FTF and positive in CMC for 16 experiments . For number of exchanges which consider as a measure of the collaboration degree between team work , the correlation was strong between productivity and number of exchange in both communication techniques. Finally, team productivity was a negative relationship with wasted time and positive with working time

Harmonics is the most important issue among all issues related to the power quality. Harmonics comes from different non-linear loads like uninterruptible power supplies systems (UPS), variable speed motor drives, rectifiers, personal computers, adjustable speed drives, fluorescent lighting, rectifier banks, data processing loads, arc furnaces, and so on. Simulation of a real power supply system that consists of linear loads and nonlinear loads as variable speed drives has been carried out in the work. Variable speed drives generate harmonics into supply system that contains different values of compensated capacitors. Calculations of equivalent system reactance for generated harmonics, voltage harmonics, voltage harmonics in percentage, THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) of voltage, frequency characteristics, current flows in the system capacitor units have been worked out using Mathcad software. The obtained results have been compared with the European Standard (EN 50160) for supply quality requirements of the European Union.

In this research, a new technique for measuring facial recognition face similarity based on quantum computing (oracle) has been proposed. This technique is transforming the oracle of Grover's search algorithm into correlation oracle with feeding image. The implementation is carried out on a classical computer with Matlab. The improvement in this work came from combination between quantum Grover's algorithm and classical face recognition algorithm where, the number of steps require in Grover's to find target image is which is exponential improvement as compared with steps for classical case. This reduction of steps reduces the time required to process and the complexity and enables us to increase the amount of information to be processed. The quantum phenomena such as superposition, entanglement and vector space are formulated to represent quantum information and quantum processes on the classical computer. Public available AT and T Laboratories in university of Cambridge database are tested on the proposed algorithm.

Internal combustion engine is a major source of noise pollution. These engines are used for various purposes such as, in power plants, automobiles, locomotives, and in various manufacturing machineries. The noise is caused by two reasons; the first reason is the pulses which created when the burst of high pressure gas suddenly enters the exhaust system, while the second reason is the friction of various parts of the engine where the exhaust noise is the most dominant. The limitation of the noise caused by the exhaust system is accomplished by the use of silencers and mufflers. The aim of this study is the reduction of the noise by changing its inlet and outlet pipe length and shape. Also the losses in noise for different length and shapes have been investigated experimentally. The results show that the corrugated pipe is preferable for noise reduction.

In this study, a comparison between using activated carbon prepared from bitter orange peels (BOAC) and a common commercially activated carbon (CAC), which is brought from the market, as adsorbent materials. This study was designed to find out which of these two activated carbons is more effective in the removal of zinc from waste water. This work examines the use of bitter orange peels, which are available as waste in local markets and in household garbage as an alternative presage to prepare an activated carbon by using (H2SO4) as activating reagent. The effects of pH, initial zinc concentrations, treatment time, adsorbent media bed height and the flow rate of simulated synthetic aqueous solution (SSAS) on the removal efficiency of zinc were all studied under 24oC

The results indicated that the removal efficiency of zinc increases with decreasing in pH of SSAS. When the initial concentration of zinc increases in SSAS, the removal efficiency of zinc was decreased. The study proved that the increasing of contact time leads to greater removal efficiency. When the height of adsorbent media in fixed column increases, the removal efficiency was increased. The experiments also showed that the removal efficiency of zinc from the SSAS increased, when the flow rate decreased. It could be concluded from this work that (BOAC) is better than (CAC) as an adsorbent materials in the removal of zinc; with a removal efficiency of (90%, 86%), respectively

Signalized intersections are key elements in the urban transportation network where carry heavy traffic of motorized and non-motorized vehicles and pedestrians the intersection during peak periods. Intersection congestion is expressed in terms of level of service (LOS) as defined by the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM).Level of service is defined in terms of delay and ranges from LOS A (free-flow conditions) to LOS F (long delays). Delay represents an average stopped delay per vehicle fora 15-minute analysis period.

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the operational capacity of intersection (AL-Horh) in AL-Kut city.AL-Horh intersection is a ground intersection with four legs. Itrepresent one of the main intersections in Al-kut city for it links the traffic coming from Al- Zafaf Street to Al- Hora and Al- Kafaat Street. The volumes of traffic get congested in the morning and evening at this intersection.To achieve the evolution performance of intersection 700 TVL Samsung video cameras have been used to measure traffic volume in the intersections with 3.6mm lens and total station were used to survey the intersection whereas ArcGIS (ModelBuilder) were used for processing for the purposes traffic analysis process.The operational analysis of the existing conditions of this intersection indicates that the LOS is (F) with an intersection delay value of 175.363sec. /vehicle.

Back in the early nineties the concept of governance in several international reports to occupy pride of place among the various global community. This international reports have attributed the lack of development in the developing countries to the weakness of the way the exercise of power in the management and implementation of public policies, although there are elements and mechanisms to limit the bad governance that lacks efficiency and effectiveness. The reports also noted the importance of information and the transparency of government activities, and activate the community participation, and the trend to greater decentralization and strengthening of local units so that it can raise the level of efficiency and effectiveness of local services.

The urban management is a way of organizational management of public services and who knows decentralization, the introduction of the concepts of governance by giving it a new breath in the process of improving their performance and promotion of effective urban management in urban development.

This research is looking at the concept of sustainable project management and its importance in real life project management. Firstly, the research will examine the meaning of sustainability and sustainable management. Next, it will examine, evaluate and classify the different drivers for the integration of sustainability in project management as social, economic, legislative and environmental drivers. Then, the research will discuss the potential benefits of implementing sustainability in project management throughout project\'s lifecycle. The researcher concluded that there are many environmental, social/ethical, legislative and economic benefits derived from integrating sustainability into project management throughout project\'s lifecycle, however, there are some restrictions as the tools for integration are still under development.

This paper presents a study of the flexural behavior of strengthened and repaired reinforced concrete two slabs by ferrocement layers. This study included testing 11 simply supported two way slabs, which include 1 control slabs, 8 strengthened slabs and 2 repaired slabs. In the strengthened slabs the effect of the thickness of ferrocement layers, the compressive strength for mortar and number of wire mesh layers of ferrocement on the ultimate load, mid span deflection at ultimate load and intensity of cracks was investigate. In the repaired part the slabs were loaded to (74 %) of measured ultimate load of control slab. The effect of connection method between repaired slabs and ferrocement jacket on the ultimate load, mid span deflection at ultimate load and intensity of cracks was examined. All reinforced concrete slab specimens were designed of the same dimensions and reinforce identically to fail in flexure. All slabs have been tested in simply supported conditions subjected to central concentrated load. The experimental results show that the ultimate loads are increased by about (4.6-19.2%) for the slabs strengthened with ferrocement with respect to the unstrengthened reinforced concrete slab (control slab).

Cities turn constantly grow and decay, Jobs many of its parts are constantly changing and therefore land use change, this change is a natural thing and the year of the ways of the universe, but in all cases and in all kinds of cities and all over the world is the city center is the city center of the most important of their parts and linked to the effectiveness of the city economic and social Hoitha closely linked to design the city center, whether small cities and concentric or large multicenter Disembowels main center axis performance career city it contains a large share of the buildings of all ages and styles and play an important and unique role in economic and social development so the city in order to be strong and prosperous must be right position and strong and free of problems. And make up the commercial, social and cultural center, this area is the most parts of the city easy access, where the focus of the urban transport network. The rapid growth of the Iraqi cities has led to a rapid transformation in the city centers, this transformation has not planned well and appropriately and led thus to the decline in the quality of life in cities, research has investigated the best ways and methods to determine the growth centers and Taktihaa trends to fit into the new job with the expansion of cities, as was the use of surveys and analysis of geographic information systems, and search out that urban centers are suffering a lot of problems and defects and should be reconsidered and planned development of appropriate its standards.

The general cognitive literatures have been studied several concepts which have different effects on the field of architecture and its basic vocabulary, such as the concept of the media and its impact in highlighting the general features of architecture of the modern era, according to reality and the available circumstances on one hand and on the establishment for a balanced and stable identity within the overall architectural field, and within formulas and many varied forms in many levels within the general theoretical cognitive framework for all of them on the other hand. The research aims to define the general principles for the cognitive vision of the concept of the media and its role and influence in the field of architecture and in the formation of architectural identity, which forms the cognitive research problem and that comes as (there is lack in clarity for the cognitive perception about the effect of the concept of media on architecture in general and its role in building and shaping the architectural identity in particular). The research methodology takes the Literatures which concern with general cognitive of the concept of the media and its relationship to the concept of architectural identity within theoretical frameworks and of specific vocabulary, then the research goes to apply these frameworks to specific applications in the field of information and analysis of the results of this application and explore the verification cases of such frameworks indicators, then introduces the final conclusions highlighted the importance of the media\'s role in the monitoring of issues and topics of architectural and processed through two-parts (technical and humanitarian) in order to change people\'s perceptions to the fact that architecture and the preservation of the identity of a society from the impact of globalization as well as the evolution towards global through equilibrium between technology and investment and between culture and traditions.