Kufa Journal of Arts

This research dealt with the efficiency of the spatial distribution of health services in Al-Muthanna Governorate. It dealt with analyzing the reality of the current spatial distribution of health services in the governorate and the extent of their efficiency, suitability, and the needs of the population for them by comparing them with the planning standards for these services globally and in Iraq to determine the extent of efficiency or deficiency, with a statement of the future need for them using GIS technology. This study worked to identify the areas of deficiency and develop immediate and future solutions by presenting a proposal that includes a better spatial distribution that is compatible with the needs of the population. There is no doubt that the results of the study help the competent authorities and decision-makers in taking appropriate steps that would develop and raise the health level in the governorate. The study was based on the use of a questionnaire form to measure the indicators of the efficiency of health institutions. (1516) forms were distributed as a random sample to visitors to health institutions. One of the most important conclusions reached by the study is the estimation of the future population size for the year 2027, which will reach (1,313,288) people. This increase requires working to increase health institutions and medical staff in line with their size.

After April 9, 2003, the Najaf press scene was filled with the publication of many newspapers and magazines that represented various independent and partisan press spectrums. Although many of them stopped for various reasons, others are still being published and have been able to document the events and developments of an important stage in the history of contemporary Iraq. They have become an important historical reference that is beyond reproach. Among them, Al-Kawthar magazine stands out, as it kept up with the details of the events of the American occupation of Iraq and conveyed them to the public and documented them with high accuracy and professionalism.

Women's education is one of the elements by which the state of human security in society is evaluated, and any evaluation includes the conditions and situations of education in society. The relationship between education and human security is almost causal, meaning that it is a cause and a result of the other, and it is also comprehensive and complementary, meaning that each is part of the other. Spreading educational services to women contributes to their human security in particular and to society in general. In the contemporary concept of the state, education is one of the elements of comprehensive power, as power is no longer limited to the military aspect, but rather to all elements of society, from the education system to the degree of social cohesion.

The aim of this study is to highlight the suggestive aspect of sounds, which is considered one of the most important semantic aspects in the study of modern linguistics, and one of the ways to explore the secret of the beauty of the Quranic letter and its intonation, in which the clearest images of phonetic suggestion are evident, reflecting the internal and external dimension of the word, through studying and analyzing its letters, monitoring its musical echoes and tonal rhythms, and showing its role in representing the meanings assigned to it and numbering and drawing the suggestive intellectual and spiritual image of it, explaining in this part of the attractiveness and beauty of the radiation of the Quranic linguistic sound in the seven long surahs. In this research, we relied on the descriptive-analytical approach, thus following the suggestive significance in studying the sounds of the selected Quranic words. By looking at the components of the linguistic letter, the importance of the suggestive aspect of the sound becomes clear to us, because it is the essence of emotional fervor and intellectual perception, and the result of the blending of those components that transform the shadows of these enchanting phonetic letters into eternity.

Industry is one of the most effective and dynamic economic activities due to its links with other economic activities. The characteristics of the industrial structure help from time to time, and from one place to another, and following the changes that occur to it and its characteristics are of fundamental importance in studies related to the geography of industry. By studying the industrial structure along the time series under study, it is diverse and includes most of the industrial branches. There is no specialization in any branch without another, and there is no industrial branch that has clear control over the rest of the industrial branches. It is equal and has only changed slightly towards diversity. The Iraqi industrial structure has been characterized by the dominance and superiority of consumer industries in terms of the number of facilities and workers, and a clear decline in industrial productivity despite the availability of its inputs. This represents a defect in the industrial structure that requires finding appropriate solutions to address and advance the development of productive industrial branches.

The research monitors the transformation in the use of symbols and myths in the texts of modern Iraqi poetry between the poets of the pioneers and the sixties generations, as it stops at two phenomena of this use in which the transformation occurred: from explicitness to dreams and from union to fusion. In the first, the pioneers explicitly used myths or symbols, while the sixties linked them to dreams, working on them through implicit allusions. In the second, the pioneers united with their myths, while the sixties fused with them, which is what the texts we cited during the research proved.

The relationship between the Qur’anic text and the interpreter is a reciprocal relationship based on the degree of interaction that the interpreter shows towards the text. Interaction at its highest levels comes from distancing the reading of the text from external influences that deviate the text from the meaning that it came to explain. The interpreter sometimes starts in understanding the text from cognitive, social, sectarian, and other priors and determinants, which makes the Qur’anic text subject to prior projections that may come close to his intention or may move away from it. An example of this is Sheikh Al-Tusi, who was influenced by a group of cognitive preconceptions that were the reason for his preference for some interpretive opinions over others. In fact, in some Qur’anic verses, he directs their meaning in a direction according to what is required by the doctrinal school to which he belongs, which was the reason for composing his interpretation, Al-Tibyan, according to what he stated in the introduction to the interpretation.

The concept of the duality of life and death is one of the important topics that has its resonance in modern research studies. The researcher has shed light on it within literary studies, which made the researcher turn to studying it and determining its dimensions in the poet. The poet Mujbil Al-Maliki is a contemporary poet whose poetry is characterized by brevity of expression, abundance of meanings, and depth and smoothness of style, seizing vocabulary, through which he conveyed his feelings and emotions, in drawing what he encountered from the hardships of alienation and separation from loved ones, so he made his poetic paintings have a distinctive stylistic feature, which made his poetic experience have a special aesthetic color and a clear objective line. He transcended his poems towards the invisible worlds of the soul, in a desire to escape from the grip of the material body. He surpassed with his words the repeated hymn, which poets are accustomed to in writing free verse, through the highly dense pictorial and symbolic properties, and suggestive semantic shadows.

The context has a clear effect in changing the meaning of the general lexical word, meaning that it plays an important and essential role in revealing the meanings of words that acquire their meaning in special circumstances. The meaning of words in the general lexical system shared by language users differs from their use in a specific or special context, meaning that words have a general meaning shared by language users and a communicative meaning that is controlled and determined by the context. The research shed light on the significance of the lexical word and its significance in the context of the travel painting in the pre-Islamic poem.

The study of the climatic evaluation of industrial areas is one of the most important studies that researchers in the field of applied climatology have directed towards, as the study reveals the negative effects of industrial sites whose spatial dimensions are not suitable from a climatic point of view, and in particular the role of the wind factor and its effect on the transfer and spread of industrial pollutants from the factory chimneys and towards the prevailing line of those winds. The study found that there is a spatial variation in the concentration rates of gas pollutants recorded between residential neighborhoods in the city of Najaf and industrial neighborhoods due to the variation in pollution sources and the difference in their concentration rates and the extent of their relationship to climate conditions, and in particular the wind factor in terms of speed and direction. Among the priorities of the study is choosing the optimal location for many industrial sites and confining them within an industrial city planned in a scientifically organized manner, which requires a distance ranging between (5 - 15) km, taking into account the direction of the prevailing winds and staying away as much as possible from residential areas, in a manner consistent with maintaining a healthy environment free of industrial pollution. The study also showed a direct relationship between the height of these chimneys and the distance traveled by these pollutants. The higher the chimneys are, the further the distance traveled by the pollutants until they reach the surface of the earth. Winds are one of the most important and dangerous elements of climate in transporting air pollutants from industrial sites towards residential neighborhoods in the city of Najaf.

Dialogue is an important pillar of communicative work in poetic and utilitarian terms. From this vision, we set out to study the subject for its importance in public life. This research came in two sections. In the first section, we discussed the concept of dialogue in language and terminology. Then, in the second section, we discussed the types of dialogue with applied models for each type. Then came the conclusion, which included the most important results of the research and a conclusion with the sources and references contained in the research, then the index of topics. One of the most important problems that the researcher faced in this research is the lack of sources that addressed the subject, as the title is new to the poetic arena compared to prose. The other matter is the lack of time, as the start of the research was available with a set of temporal connections.

The role of the research entitled "The Qur'anic manuscripts of Sana'a and the opinions of some German orientalists about them" is a very important topic in the field of archaeological, historical and Islamic legal studies, especially since it is an important topic with regard to the extent of responding to the challenges of orientalists about the authenticity of these documents dating back to the first century AH, specifically to the era of the Prophet and the Rightly-Guided Caliphs (1-41 AH / 622 AD - 642 AD). The research sheds light on the definition of the Qur'an manuscripts that were found in the Great Mosque in Sana'a and a reading of the biographies of the German orientalists Bowen and Plattimer, who devoted their efforts to studying and preserving those Qur'ans and then questioning their authenticity?? And then responding to their speculations about their authenticity.

The research discusses a unique human experience, which is (voluntary work), an experience whose roots extend to the deepest depths of history. Voluntary work was found after man colonized this land and after the occurrence of catastrophes, crises and disasters among humans. As for volunteer work in the Arbaeen pilgrimage of Imam Hussein (PBUH), it has a different story than all other stories. Whoever does it seeks to obtain worldly and otherworldly rewards. This pilgrimage had great social dimensions, the most important of which was the volunteer work undertaken by the Iraqi people after the fall of the unjust regime.

The research included studying a group of climatic elements and phenomena in Najaf Governorate and their effects on behavioral, nervous and psychological disorders of the residents of the study area. This was done by identifying a number of variables that can be adopted as a measure of these cases, including neurological and psychological diseases, cases of violence, extremism, misdemeanors and felonies, and their frequency according to the months of the year. The year (2018) was determined to provide the required data in it - and then adopting a group of statistical coefficients ((correlation coefficient r, coefficient of determination (interpretation Rsq)) to show this effect, as well as relying on the attached questionnaire to show these effects. In general, the research includes studying the following aspects: 1- Characteristics of the climate of Najaf Governorate. 2- Characteristics of cases of fanaticism, tension and violence in the study area. 3- The impact of the characteristics of the climate of the study area on the psychological, nervous and behavioral state.

Women have been and still are one of the main topics that fathers and poets have given great attention to, and the main poetic purpose associated with women is love poetry. And all manifestations of love and passion are in love poetry. This is on the one hand, and on the other hand, the great poet Al-Sharif Al-Murtada did not deviate from the line that the love poetry movement followed; he had love poems or love introductions to other poems for various purposes. From this standpoint, this research aims to study love poetry and manifestations of passion in the love poems of Al-Sharif Al-Murtada, using the descriptive-analytical method, paying attention to the objective and artistic aspect. One of the most important things that the research has found is that Al-Sharif Al-Murtada was pure and clean in his love, and did not care about the woman’s body and her stimuli. His longing, yearning, and yearning for his beloved appeared in his love poetry, his complaint about her rejection and aversion, and his regret over the turning away of the seductresses from him after his gray hair had turned to him, and... and all of these meanings he explained in his poetry in simple language, far from affectation, with emotion and leadership, and with a delicate sense, using some verbal and moral embellishments to enrich his poetic language.

The study aims to shed light on the Umm Qais Document of September 2, 1920, preserved in the archives of the National Library Department in the capital Amman, which is considered one of the most important historical documents of the eastern Jordan region, following the end of World War I in 1918, which in its historical context constitutes a process of documenting and chronicling the events in which the residents expressed their demands, desires and aspirations in managing the affairs of their regions, and the extent of the British government's response to dealing with these demands, which the study was able to monitor within three main axes, based on the available documents, through the use of the historical descriptive analytical method to accomplish it. The study concluded that the social elites in the northern regions of eastern Jordan had a state of beginnings of awareness formation, which did not reach the stage of full maturity to build their project, and resist the plans of the victorious countries in World War I, especially Britain and France, to divide the Levant as areas of influence between them. The study recommended that more efforts be made to shed light on the history of the region, explore its depths, and learn about the role played by the people of East Jordan and their social elites, as part of the struggle of the people of the Levant in resisting the Anglo-French colonial project in the region.

The status of narrations in understanding and interpreting the Quran is undoubtedly high and cannot be denied. The science of interpretation and interpretive narrations are twins with the Quran. Their precedence goes back to the revelation of the verses. Hadiths have been exposed to various external and internal plagues throughout history. With a quick look at the story of the Hadith, especially after the Prophet (PBUH), we find that plagues and influences such as preventing publication and narration of Hadith, deleting sources and attribution of interpretive narrations, transferring meaning, Isra'iliyyat, and different readings have provided difficult conditions for determining the authentic Hadiths from the weak and incorrect ones. Therefore, repetition of the sources and sources of Hadiths and interpretations is necessary. The studies conducted in this field have shown us the efforts and interest of researchers in identifying and monitoring the harms of narrations instead of focusing on the criteria for measuring interpretive narrations. This pioneering article is organized in a descriptive and analytical manner. It attempts to study the criteria for measuring narrations in the field of Quranic interpretation with complete accuracy. The result of this study is that the most important and efficient criteria for revision are evaluating the content and measuring the contents of narrations with the principles of rational and transmitted (referring the hadith to the Quran and the definitive Sunnah) and collecting multiple quotations and analogues from the hadith, which is considered to achieve successive and useful narrations and also to strengthen the single narration.

This study is based on the hypothesis that the novel is an open memory of popular heritage in all its forms; to answer a central question about how popular heritage is received in the Saudi novel, and from here the importance of this study becomes clear, which considers the novel a later text that wrote a previous text, and to establish this hypothesis, the visual component in the novel (Ribat Al-Wilaya) was highlighted as a reservoir full of unique popular intertexts, employed in a documentary photographic panorama, in which narration is mixed with dramatic dialogue, as it is generally an artistic form with a hybrid documentary character, but it is important from several aspects, perhaps the most prominent of which is that it absorbed the heritage of Hijazi women, and contributed a major role in employing and preserving it on the ground, and on the other hand, the hypothesis that the dialogic nature of the novel text is its superior ability to absorb other arts is embodied through this text. The tasks of this research are summarized in an attempt to employ the techniques of visual semiotics; To reveal the manifestations of inspiration from popular heritage in the novel (Rabat Al-Wilaya), and to research the methods of its employment, its patterns of operation, and its role in shaping the structure of the novelistic text. Therefore, the path of this research is limited to two approaches; the first: is concerned with monitoring the heritage manifestations, and the second: studies the relationship between oral heritage texts and the photographic memory that records the arts of popular heritage associated with the world of women, such as clothing, jewelry, utensils, and the like.

The attempt in this research is a rhetorical study on the rhetorical styles and figurative images in the praises of the Noble Messenger (PBUH) contained in the poems of the brave poet and great companion “Kaab bin Malik Al-Ansari” who always defended the Messenger (PBUH) and the religion of Islam with his sword and tongue. This Kaab is one of the three whose repentance was accepted by Allah after they were late to participate in the Battle of Tabuk. The poet attended all the battles except this battle and it was said the Battle of Badr Al-Sughra as well. His poetry, although little, is characterized by sincere emotion, enthusiastic spirit, chastity, self-restraint, and distancing from pre-Islamic purposes. He was a true defender of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) and the new religion. This poet’s poetry has rhetorical and artistic fingerprints that were evident in his praises of the Noble Messenger (PBUH), where the poet employed various types of rhetorical styles, including in the field of meanings, rhetoric, and eloquence. In this study, which is based on the descriptive analytical method, we tried to extract the rhetorical and artistic contents, relying on the well-known books of rhetoric, as well as books of literature and explanations of the poet’s collection of poems. We reached the desired results, including: The poet Ka’b bin Malik was not a professional poet, but rather used it to protect religion and defend the Messenger of God. He praised the Noble Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace) with elegant poems that are distinguished by their richness, strength, and sincerity of emotion. He deposited in its author the arts of speech, eloquence of speech, and the rhetoric of the Arabs.

Among the important issues related to the sciences of the history of the Holy Quran and the biography of the Noble Prophet (ﷺ) is the issue of collecting the Holy Quran. Collecting the Quran in the sense of memorizing it is the first science that emerged from the historical sciences of the Holy Quran. This issue has been the subject of continuous research and discussion among Islamic scholars, thinkers, and orientalists. The importance of this research lies in the fact that the subject of the science of collecting and documenting the Holy Quran is one of the dangerous topics witnessed by the historical sciences of the Holy Quran, as some haters of Islam have exploited some narrations related to collecting the Quran and its methods to claim that there was distortion in it. The research showed that these narrations indicate multiple meanings for collecting the Holy Quran. The research plan consisted of an introduction, a preface, and four demands. The first demand was: Preserving all of it, i.e. in the chests. The second demand: Collecting in the sense of documenting. The third demand: Collecting in the sense of within one copy of the Quran. The fourth demand: Collecting the Quran in the sense of unifying the copies of the Quran, followed by a conclusion and a list of sources.

Language is one of the most important means of human communication through which understanding and relationships between members of society are achieved, and it has an important role in the transmission of concepts and feelings. People have taken body language into consideration for a long time until now and they use it spontaneously and silently without any knowledge of body language. This type of relationship, inspired by ancient Greece, was known and received great attention in the late twenties and became an absolute science. Jahiz is considered the first person in Arab civilization to find body language, but not separately, but during his research in rhetoric and used it in most literary texts such as the Diwan of Poetry and religious collections such as the Qur’an, the Hadiths of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and Nahj al-Balagha. In this research, the author tried to study body language in Nahj al-Balagha with the possession of the descriptive analytical method. The achievement of this research indicates that Imam Ali (peace be upon him) accepted the brevity of speech through the use of body language. This research is useful in using body language in his sermons, messages and valuable words with more viewers. We conclude that most of the use of body language was in the Imam’s (PBUH) sermons, and the tongue was often used in relation to the other limbs.

Irregular distribution, temporal and spatial distribution, and heavy rainfall are among the characteristics of arid and semi-arid regions, which in some cases lead to drought and floods at times. Iran has an arid and semi-arid climate, and the amount of rainfall is uneven, which has led to climate change, especially drought and floods, and has become a major concern for the country's authorities these days. Accordingly, it is necessary to identify solutions to reduce the damage caused by such incidents, which we will focus on in this study, focusing on the Yasuj region. The main method of this research, given its nature, was applied in the form of an applied purpose and in a descriptive-analytical form. Accordingly, in this study, in addition to the correct depiction of crisis management and rainfall management, efforts were made to address the causes of weather risks. The results were determined using long-term Yasuj rainfall data in Excel environment while conducting accuracy test (Ran test) and goodness-of-fit test (MACOS). According to Wembley formula, 1293.5 mm of rainfall occurs in Yasuj during the 32-year return period. During the 31-year statistical period (1987-2017), according to the SPI for 13 years, we experienced drought (moderate 8 years, average 3 years, severe and very severe for each year).

The importance of the science of Usul al-Fiqh is paramount in the process of deriving Islamic rulings, as it provides the jurist with the basic rules he needs, which benefit him in the position of derivation. The famous scholars of Usul al-Fiqh have defined it as the knowledge of the rules that pave the way for deriving the subsidiary Islamic rulings. However, this technical definition was not free from objections, and therefore the research addressed the problems that were presented to it, while mentioning the most important points of contemplation in those objections. It also addressed other suggestions for the definition that were mentioned by the media; all of this in order to avoid the problems that were directed at the traditional definition.

The present study deals with the volumetric, movement and force schemes proposed by Johnson in the meanings of the letters of the forty-second supplication of Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya. Imam Sajjad (PBUH) also conveyed his supplications at the level of human understanding through pictorial schemes of letters. Therefore, in this article, in a descriptive-analytical manner, we examined the pictorial schemes created in the meanings of the letters of the forty-second supplication of Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya. In this study, we seek to examine the extent to which these three schemes are used in the meanings of the letters of the respective supplication. The purpose of this study is to show the prominent role of pictorial schemes as one of the semantic tools in creating abstract spaces, such as the description and interpretation of the Quran by the Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams (PBUH) in the minds of the addressees. After analyzing the data, it was found that in the forty-second supplication of Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, the motion scheme had the greatest amount, while the volume and force schemes were in the next place.

As a result of the development of the new civilization, the city became one of the prominent phenomena in the poetry of the Abbasid era and was clearly manifested in the poetry of poets of this era such as Al-Buhturi; this poet described many of the cities he visited during his life, and among these cities is the city of Damascus. Al-Buhturi described some of the features of this city in his eulogies, as he does not devote an independent poem to it, but rather draws its image either at the opening of some of his poems instead of standing in front of the dilapidated ruins or the beloved, or within the poems; Based on what was mentioned, the study relies on the descriptive-analytical method by relying on the verses that the poet said about Damascus in his collection. As for the most important results that the study reached, they are that Al-Buhturi employed some rhetorical industries such as alliteration, antithesis, exaggeration, and Quranic intertextuality and non-rhetorical industries such as sensory simile in order to depict the city of Damascus, and he repeats some letters in his verses in order to create a musical tone; On the other hand, he often describes nature in his depictions and combines living nature with still life; however, the greatest luck in this area is related to living nature, as he depicts the city in a moving manner. Al-Buhturi admires spring in his talk about the city of Damascus, and perhaps this admiration is considered a symbol of giving and generosity or the prosperity of life in the time of those he praises.

The study aimed to measure and investigate the relationship of self-differentiation with the main personality factors: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, and with a set of extremely important personality patterns: authoritarianism, narcissism, borderline, artificiality, dependency, and avoidance. The short self-differentiation inventory of Drake 2011, the ten-item personality inventory of Muck, Hell & Gosling 2007, the short right-wing authoritarian personality scale of Mavor, Louis & Sibley 2010, the narcissistic personality scale of Hendin & Cheek 2013, and the borderline, artificiality, dependency, and avoidance personality scales from the International Personality Disorder Screening Scale of Loranger, Janca & Sarlorius 1997 were applied to a sample of (588) university students. The results were: an increase in the two dimensions (I position and emotional disconnection), and a decrease in the two dimensions (emotional responsiveness and fusion in others) of self-differentiation, moderation of extraversion, increase in agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness, increase in authoritarianism, decrease in borderline, and moderation of narcissism, artificiality, dependency and avoidance, in the sample. A single significant positive relationship appeared between the dimensions of emotional responsiveness and fusion in others. Agreeableness was positively associated with emotional responsiveness, I position and fusion in others, conscientiousness and openness were positively associated with I position, and neuroticism was negatively associated with the four dimensions. All patterns were negatively associated with the dimensions of emotional responsiveness and fusion in others, and narcissism was negatively associated with emotional disconnection and borderline with I position. Neuroticism and agreeableness predicted emotional responsiveness, conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness and neuroticism predicted I position, and neuroticism predicted emotional disconnection. Acceptability and neuroticism by merging with others. Based on these results, a new type of personality was proposed: the rational personality.

Sufi poetry is the pinnacle of Arabic poetry, and only those with refined taste know its value; because it touches the heart, delights the soul and elevates it to the highest levels. Sufi literature represents a type of high literature; it carries within it the highest meanings of spiritual sublimity and its characteristics. Sufi heritage, like any intellectual or religious school, has its own language and terminology that distinguishes it from others and which contains the opinions and beliefs of Sufis. We have found that Sheikh Baha\'i, like other poets, tended to use this language in its symbolic and indicative dimension to suggest his thoughts and emotions, to move from the realm of the familiar to suggestion and ambiguity, for two reasons: one: to be careful not to express what is in his heart, and second: since symbolism was considered one of the special aesthetic methods that poets resorted to to expand the horizons of the poetic image. This study attempts to investigate the Sufi symbols that Sheikh Al-Baha’i addressed in his collection of poems, and to reveal the concept of these symbols, which are the struggle of the soul in order to know God, the special worship of Him, the constant presence of God, and their connotations in his poetry.

This research studies one of the poets of the seventh century AH, known as (Al-Khulai’i), who is one of the poets loyal to the family of the Prophet (peace be upon him). He devoted all his poetry to praising and mourning the family of the Prophet (peace be upon him). This research aims to study the biography of the family of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in Al-Khulai’i’s Diwan with an analytical and critical study. According to the academic approach, the research consists of an introduction and two chapters. The first deals with the poetic contents that appeared in the Diwan and consists of three axes: the first is the biography of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), the second is the Karbala incident, and the third is the biographies of some of the infallible ones from the family of the Prophet (peace be upon him). As for the second chapter, it focused on studying the artistic styles that appeared in the Diwan and includes the narrative style, the repetition style, the interrogative style, the calling style, the command style, and the negation style. At the end of the research, there is a conclusion with the most important results that the research reached.