Journal of University of Babylon

The information revolution has advantages and disadvantages that can be identified through use. The study of the information revolution includes knowledge of the negative cultural effects and consequences resulting from it. As the researcher in his current study is largely concerned with showing some of the negative repercussions of these mechanisms that threaten social values and norms due to misuse. Performed by the school theater in the face of the challenges of the information revolution? It also included the importance of research and the need for it, and the goal of the research in identifying the role played by the school theater from the point of view of specialists in facing the basic social risks caused by the information revolution in the structure and functions of society and its limits, while the second chapter dealt with the theoretical framework, which included two sections. The first topic included the role The educational and instructional work of the school theater. The second topic included the negative effects of the information revolution and its social repercussions. The third chapter included the research procedures, the community and the sample, in addition to the research tool, the questionnaire, and its descriptive approach, content analysis. The fourth chapter contained statistical results and conclusions, the most important of which is that school theater works are full of dimensions that increase Family cohesion and rejects the disintegration that befell it and included a number of recommendations, the most prominent of which was tightening government control on social networking sites of all kinds, which are sources and sources of inciting violence and moral corruption and working to block them, as well as including sources and references.

Since its emergence in the 1960s, the conversation analysis has adopted several theories that have taken care of many structural, interactive and communicative aspects. This research aims to reveal how the principle of relevance works in conversation and the ways in which it has been adopted to go beyond the principle of cooperation, which has been criticized, which has led Sperber and Wilson to develop the Relevance Theory in which they saw a more effective method than before. This is why we have come to touch on how to move from Grace's theory to the relevance theory, trying to answer the problems that this theory poses in conversation analysis. We treat the conditions for achieving the principle of relevance in the communication processbased on the cognitive inference method. Therefore, we analyzed a number of ostensive stimuli in speech that are relevant to communication between the participants in the conversation. We have concluded that these stimulants help the speaker in accordance with the principle of relevance, to understand the speech linguistically and cognitively, and that the adoption of this principle in conversation analysis is based on linguistic and cognitive treatment based on perceptual and psychological effects. It is also based on a set of inferences and intentions, the most important of which are informative intention, communicative intention, pragmatic intention, and cognitive intention.

The current research aimed at the level of biological enlightenment, of the gender variables (male- female) and thinking preferences (liberal-conservative) among students of the Department of Life Sciences. To achieve the games, a random, stratified sample consisting of (400) students was selected from the Department of Life Sciences at the College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah for the academic year (2020-2021) and by adopting the religion test paragraph (2007) for biological enlightenment consisting of (78) for statistical analysis and the extraction of pounds His psychometric as well as building a scale for thinking style (liberation - conservative), which consists of (12) positions with two alternatives, one of them is thinking and thinking, thinking, thinking, thinking, thinking, thinking, thinking, thinking, thinking, and please, and, it turns out, enjoy, Department of Life Sciences By diversity, (65%) were able to see, graphic, graphic, graphic, graphic, graphic, or, or, or, third, fourth, first, third, third, fourth, and valid fourth grade compared to the second and first, while the differences were Statistically significant in the level of biological enlightenment according to the gender variable (males - females). The research came out with a sentence of interaction and suggestions.

Textbooks of any country are considered an important tool for the purpose of position in stereotypes of gender at the schools of that country. Therefore, these textbooks must picture the society equally in terms of males and females in order to reflect a real image of that society. The aim of the current paper is to investigate gender positioning in the Iraqi EFL textbooks (English for Iraq) for sixth preparatory stage. For the purpose of analyzing the data, the study adopts Giaschi’s (2000)approach. The main goal of this adopted approach is to analyze the data critically. The study concluded that females and males are positioned in a biased way in the selected data. It means that men play the major roles and they are active in the images but women on the other and are passive and have a minor role in the examined images.

Iraqi EFL pre-service teachers (students in colleges of education) study one general course in methods of teaching EFL at departments of English at Colleges of Education because there is an excessiveconcentrationon linguistics and literature than methods and approaches of teaching EFL in the English language curricula.The research shows that most of the in-service teachers face difficulty when it comes toEnglish language teaching because of the lack of the appropriate training and the programs[1],[2],[3]. The United States Government Accountability Office report (2009)[4] showed that there is a big demand on teacher preparationtraining programs due to the lack of the proficient training of English language courses.
The current suggested teachers’ preparation programis targeting the Iraqi in-service EFL teachers for three reasons. First, many in-service teachers consider that attending teacher preparation programs is unnecessary because of the accumulated years of experience in teaching EFL. The second reason is that through the four years at Colleges of Education, undergraduate students (pre-service teachers) do not really have overwhelming coursesin methods of teaching EFL. The third reason is that since English in Iraq is a foreign language, students and teachers cannot develop theiroral-audio skills unless they retain their participation in teachers’ preparation programs. The goal of this training course is to assist the in-service teachers toimplement new and effective methods for teaching EFL students in Iraq.Therefore, this research has suggested a sixteen-week instructive training program that meets the in-service teachers’ needsand expectations.

Poetry has often been misunderstood to be exclusive to the few elite. However, magnificent talents keep surfacing, and such talents are certainly worth the research focus. This paper explores the well-known philosophy of Transcendentalism as adopted by the Iraqi Kurdish poet Hawkar Kalary.
Kalary is a postmodern poet who has suffered from loss early in his life. He finds his way, though, to deal with those losses in his collection Your Knitted Scarf. Writing is a therapeutic way through which he deals with his feelings. As a dedicated reader, he displays the philosophies of the East and West in his poetry to reach a philosophy of his own that may or may not agree with the writers he has read for.
The paper displays the theories Kalary is affected by as well as the philosophies that have cured him and helped him reach the state of reconciliation with his past and present. The poems have no titles norare they numbered in the collection; nevertheless, they are short sketches that start on page 1 and end in page 99. The researcher finds it fit to refer to them by their page numbers.

This study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of a counselling program based on client-centered therapy for Rogers in reducing the level of psychological loneliness and developing the love of life among a sample of divorced women in the city of Hail in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The program was applied to (36) divorced women, and the Psychological loneliness Scale was used, prepared by Russell (1996), which was Arabized and codified by El-Desouky (1998). Also, Ahmed's Love of Life Scale (2017) was used to reveal the psychological loneliness and love of life, The treatment program consisted of (12) sessions, and the researcher used the SPSS statistical program to analyze the results, The results revealed that there are statistically significant differences in the level of loneliness and love of life between the scores of the experimental group and the control in the post-measurement in favors of the experimental., in addition to the absence of statistically significant differences in the levels of both psychological loneliness and love of life between the scores of the experimental group in the follow-up measurement, The study reached the following conclusions: the suffering of divorced women from the negative effects of the divorce experience, including the decrease in the feeling of love of life, the high level of psychological loneliness, the effectiveness of counseling programs in alleviating the negative effects of the divorce experience among divorced women.

The paper aims to disclose the level of the scientific plagiarism from the faculties’ point of view taken into account their specialization whether scientific-human, scientific title, gender, academic degree. (350) faculties were chosen from (7) Iraqi universities (Baghdad, Al-Mustansiriya, Mosul, Tikrit, Anbar, Kufa, Karbala) are taken as sample of the study. The researchers use a questionnaire that consisted of (35) paragraphs with (5) options (very widespread, highly widespread, moderately widespread, little widespread, very little widespread). It was divided into two sections: scientific plagiarism which includes (15) paragraphs, and repercussions of scientific plagiarism which includes (23) paragraphs after verifying and reliability. The results show a high level of the scientific plagiarism from the point of view of faculties whereby the (linguistic synonyms) rank the first paragraph which reached (83.1%) in the first section. Whilst, the results show that (assigning the wrong person in the inappropriate place) rank the first which reached 82.1% in the second section. The results also show that there were no significant differences as according to specialization, scientific titles and academic degree. Whilst, there were statistically significant differences in favor of the scientific titles under category (Professor). On this basis, the study recommended to impose strict penalties towards those who are proven to be plagiarists and to design a special website in the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research to report about scientific plagiarism, follow up and verify their papers to take the necessary measures towards them.

The means used by an administrative authority to perform its functions is to issue administrative decisions, which the administration is able to implement directly. Such decisions remain in force and produce legal effects from the date on which they take effect. Administrative decisions are presumed to be presumption of health and safety, where the opposite is proven in principle. Exceptionally, however, enforcement of such decisions can be suspended as a result of slow litigation proceedings before administrative courts, rendering a single action unable to protect individuals in the event of implementation of the administrative decision, causing serious irreparable damage; It therefore renders a ruling in administrative proceedings a mere fictitious one that does not produce sensationalism, and in this sense an administrative action is of no use. As a result of the harm that may be caused to individuals if the administration executes its administrative decisions expeditiously, the legislator therefore provides for a regime of suspension of the implementation of the administrative decision if the appellant in the petition so requests in order to guarantee the rights of individuals and does not prejudice the public interest.

I found that the historical political reality, with its persecution and oppression of the Ahl al-Bayt, had a great impact on the interpretation of some Islamic sects, such as the Shiite front, which diverges from objectivity in directing the Qur’anic text by relying on effects that were mostly about contradictions in its body, in what was spoken as well and narrations that have not been proven. The effects of political oppression in the modern era are evident in one of the most important contemporary interpretations, which is the interpretation of Sayyid Qutb, may God have mercy on him, which in some of its contexts departs from the truth of the Qur’anic significance when it is cut off from other indications to rational assumptions resulting from psychological exhaustion that the interpreter lived under a tyrannical political regime and from that His reliance on differentiating between the indications of faith and disbelief that the criterion in proving the first and denying the second is the action that he deems more important than saying about that. In belief, this is what many texts from the Qur’an and Sunnah testify .

In this paper, we seek to explain the concept of tense in legal language in Arabic. We argue that the language of law semantically and pragmatically has no tense, though there are morphosyntactic forms of tense. We show that tense in language is divided into existential and subjunctive “hypothetical.” Existential tense expresses events that happen in the world, but subjunctive tense indicates that the events are not present, as the truth conditions are not realized. We propose that the language of law has a subjunctive tense. One piece of evidence to support this claim is that the subject of sentences/utterances is absent or undefined. In ordinary language, verbs have three different times that explain different tenses: reference time, event time, and speech time. In the language of law, event time cannot appear in the context of legal texts. The absence of event time and reference time accounts for why truth conditions are lost, as when there is no event time, truth conditions cannot be realized.

The study dealt with the interpersonal space in theatre for its vital role in establishing relationships among the characters- the players- characterized with an encrypted system which reveals the ideology in the drama through the vital embodiment of the bodily positions and voice synchronized with it. Based on this hypothesis, the researcher was interested in the study of The Semantics of the Interpersonal Space in the Dialectics of the Iraqi Theatre. However, the paper basically consisted of four main chapters: Chapter One dealt with the methodological framework right from the problem of the study which revolves around the question: What are the semantics of the interpersonal space in the dialectics of the Iraqi theatre? The significance of the paper lies in the fact that it throws light on an anthropological study as it contributed to specify the course of the relationships among the characters in theatre in a way that can very possibly constitute an advanced method in the direction of any drama. Also, the paper aims at identifying the semantics of the interpersonal space in the dialectics of the Iraqi theatre. As for the limits of the paper, Time: 2021 AD, Place: Iraq, Topic: studying the semantics of the interpersonal space in the dialectics of the Iraqi theatre along with the specification of the procedural idioms and definitions.
The second section of Chapter Two entitled Theoretical Framework dealt with the interpersonal space, concept, and theoretical rules, whereas section two dealt with the interpersonal space and the mechanisms of the its application in the world theatres in general. Chapter Three, however, is devoted to discuss the research procedures wherein the pattern of the research is stated throughout playing (The Dead Died), a play written and directed by Ali Abdul Nabi Al Zaidi. This play was purposefully and selected to be dramatized as a pattern for study analysis. The researcher adopted the descriptive method to analyze the pattern due to the existing nature of the research. Finally, the researcher summed up a list of findings , The most important of them: ((The postures of the body, and the (full) voice level between (Godo and Moulay), within the social distance (6 feet), indicated an ideological dimension that indicates the fragmentation of the spirit of resistance to the coercive authority and the referral of the ideologically compatible forces to diaspora living in a state of alienation from each other).and conclusions through the analysis of this pattern ,The most important of them: ((The personal space represents a wide field in the ideological representation of human relations at all levels: social, political, religious, and cultural, as its four spaces characterize the type of structural relations between opposite entities (higher/lower, strong/weak, mr/slave)). Along with a list of bibliography.