DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES

As traffic volumes and axle loads have continued to increase over the years, it has been found that asphalt cement used in road construction hasa less capable of rutting resistance, thermal cracking, fatigue damage, stripping, and temperature susceptibility. Hence the need to develop and improve the asphalt cement with a higher level of performance. In the present study, 60-70 asphalt cement from Daurah Refinerywas used, and two types of polymer modifications as Ethyl Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) have been used toprepareof modified asphaltcementatdifferent percentage by weight(2%, 4%, and6%). The effect of polymer modifications on asphalt cement properties are evaluated bymany conventional tests such as (penetration, softening point, viscosity, ductility, elastic recovery, and specific gravity) that have been made on the modified andnaturalasphalt cements. By comparing the physical and mechanical properties of the modified and natural binders, it is found that the properties of the modified asphalt cementare enhanced manifold. Modified asphalt cement withexhibits greater elastic recovery, higher softening point, greater viscosity, greater cohesive strength and greater ductility.The optimum content of the modifier is4% for SBSmodifier, and 6% for EVAmodifier

This paper analyzes land use change in Baqubah city the capital of Iraq\'s DiyalaGovernorate, in the period from 2004 to 2010, using a cellular automata model.No previous research about this study in Iraq. The simulation experiment was carried out in the Dinamica EGO platform to 2030 year and the results revealed a constrained urban sprawl. The simulation outputs were validated using a multi-resolution procedure based on a fuzzy similarity index 81.5%, and showed a satisfactory fitness in relation to the historical reference data.The simulation scenario for the year 2030 showed an increase in the medium residential, high residential and road by (23%, 73%, and 11% respectively). As well as a significant decrease the orchard, vegetation, water, open area and mix by (41%, 36%, 20%, 23%, and 12% respectively)

This work proposes an algorithm based on Fuzzy Logic technique for the AGC of a power system controller to enhance the performance of the conventional controller during normal and abnormal condition (variation of load). The dynamic responses of Iraqi super grid network (400 kV) under normal and 10% step load increase (as a severe condition) to investigate using the fuzzy logic -PID controller and a conventional PID controller in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.The obtained results show the proposal intelligent controller and have improved the dynamic response of the Iraqi grid, and at the same time, It is faster than the conventional PID controller in terms of reducing settling time, overshootand oscillations

This paper focuses on intervening variables in wire cut process such as pulse on time, pulse off time, voltage, typeof wire which use in experiments, it finds that all values from experiments to use in statistical package of social science model.The R square pieces are (0.998). Also they Show that 99.8% of the observed variability in material removal rate can explain by the independent variables. The multiple R is 0.999 for coat wire. This means that the correlation coefficient between the observed value of the dependent variable and the predicted value base on the regression model which are high as this means that thestatistical model could predict. TheRa with about 98.7 % and 96.8 % accuracy of the testing data set for coat wire respectively.

Flexible AC Transmission System devicesprovide for betterutilizationof already existing transmission systemsas well as newly installedand upgradedsystems. The useof suchdevices in thepowertransmission systemsintroduce new situations and variable operating conditionsthat need to be addressedin the fields ofpower system protection, system stability etc.In this work, the effect of introducing a STATCOM device in the send-end and mid-point of a moderately long transmission line is analyzed. The analysis concerns the effect of such device on the performance of the power line distance protection. Extensive series of various fault studies were conducted using MATLAB/SIMULINK models of a distance relay, STATCOM device, and the power transmission system under study. Obtained results confirmed the idea of varied apparent impedance seen by the distance relay. In conclusion a distance relay may not operate dependably in presence of STATCOM device without prior actions considered in the relay setting stages

Different types of controllers are designed in this research to control the temperature of medical oven. These controllers represented by the conventional PID, the intelligent Neural Network (NN), Fuzzy-Logic controller (FLC) and the hybrid Adaptive-Neuro-Fuzzy-Inference-System (ANFIS) controller. The controllers designed using MATLAB R2012a version 7.14 bothm-file and Simulink. Two laboratory ovens (lab ovens) with different mathematical models are used. A comparison between the designed controllers has been made, first with step response with the first oven and second with different set points of four medical applications for the second practical lab oven, the ANFIS superiority over the others has been proven which highlighted the hybridization power and efficiency and its suitability for controlling the temperature of medical oven

In the present work, thetitanium oxide platinum (TiO2/Pt)composite particles weredeposited on the Si and glass substrates at (400)°C using pulsed laser deposition technique to ablation of TiO2target at constant laser energy 800 mJ, a double frequency Q-switching Nd: YAGlaser beam ( λ= 532 nm, repetition rate 6Hz and the pulsed duration 10ns).Ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction (XRD),X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Atomic force microscopy (AFM),Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), electrical conductivity (σdc), Hall coefficient (RH) ,(I-V) and (C-V) were used to characterize the morphology and electrical of the films. The results showed that the transparency of film reached to about (80%) with optical band gap (3.64) and (3.76) eV for Pure TiO2and 5% Pt:TiO2respectively. The structural and composition of the obtained films at level 5% of platinum doping into TiO2have been determined. The results indicated that the prepared films (Pt doped TiO2) were nanostructure and uniform with diameters less than 20nm

Laboratory scale extrusion experiments were carried out on AA7075 billets. Twogroups of wrought and homogenized as-cast (Ф 25 X 60) mm cylindrical billets were used.Each billet was cut longitudinally into halves, the two mating surfaces were polished and scribing an orthogonal network of furrows (0.1 mm wide and 0.3 mm deep) onto one of the faces. The network formed was as a square grid of 1 mm spacing. The two halves were put together and partially extruded, removed from the die, separated along the same plane and the grid distortions were observed.16 experiments were carried out on each group of wrought and as-cast billets. Each group 3 6 was extruded at four different pre-heating temperatures (350, 400, 420, and 450) oC. Four values (60, 70, 78, 95.6) % of percentage reduction in cross sectional area were used at each temperature. The ram speed was 4.6 mm/sec. A mixture of graphite powder and grease was 40 used as a lubricant.The usual type consisting of a single maximum in the transverse grid lines located at the extrusion axis was occurred in all the experiments of both groups.Microstructure tests were done on the other half after it has been extruded for all the billets of the two groups.Five positions were taken for the microstructure. The magnitude of the maximum load needed for the experiments was reported for both wrought and as-cast billets

This study focuses on benefits to be gained by using composite beams with concrete slab attached to a circular steel tube alternative IPE section in steel beam.The experimental research program wasattitude to evaluate the flexural behavior of thesecomposite beams with circular steel tube. A total of fourteen beams divided into seven test groupswith different variable, were fabricated and testing under static loading conditions to determine the ultimate load and mode of failure of composite beam with circular steel tube.It was found, thatthe proposed structural system proved the qualification in flexural behavior, this mean; it can be used in building and construction as structural member resisting the bending.In addition, this composite beam can be used to pass through it the service work as electrical lines, mechanical heating, ventilating, etc. without need to increase floor height and web opening making that was cause increase building cost. Also the new proposed section can be usedto transport water or oil.

This investigation aims to study the properties of paving brick products made from high strength lightweight aggregate concrete (HSLWAC). The mix proportion is 1: 1.35: 0.87 (cement: sand: coarse aggregate) by weight with 520 kg/m3cement. Local porcelinate coarse aggregate, with maximum size of 9.5 mm, 5% silica fume as partial replacement by weight of cement, 1% by weight of cement superplasticizer, and w/c ratio of 0.29, was used in the mix. Fibers are used including macro hooked steel fiber with aspect ratio 100, micro polypropylene fiber (pp), and micro carbon fiber (CF). Concrete paving brick was produced from three different HSLWAC mixes including, concrete mix without fibers (reference mix), hybrid fibers reinforced concrete mix containing 0.75% volume fraction of steel fiber and 0.25% volume fraction of polypropylene fiber, and hybrid fibers reinforced HSLWAC mix with 0.75% volume fraction of steel fiber and 0.25% volume fraction of carbon fiber. Experimental tests including, compressive strength, absorption, abrasion resistance as well as the appearance were carried out for the produced paving bricks.The results indicated that the produced HSLWACpaving bricks can be classified as medium loading type according to Iraqi Specification No. 1606-2009. This type is used for paving low loaded roads and service areas

n the present research work, a field study was performed to the both Jambur (north & south) parts petroleum (Oil & Gas) field and Khabaz petrol (Oil & Gas) field.For jambur fieldthe study includes the associated gas analyzing by using the Gas Chromatographyinstrument.The results showed that the associatedgas production of the south part is more than (230 MSCF/day) and methane is about (80%) of the total production with free (H2S) in this part. The production of the north part is more than (70 MSCF/day) and methane is about (80%) with (8.61%) of (H2S) at the first stage of production which reduces to (3.81%) at the second stage and to(0.0%)at last stage .The research indicates the possibility of using the associated gas for several purposes such as power plant operation ,petro-chemicals, or exporting after changing it to (LPG) or (CNG) by using the new technical processing to reduce the losses especially (CH4) which are about (40%) of the total production . For Khabaz fieldfor power generating instead of flaring it and the environmentalpollutant resultingfrom the flare. The results showed that the production of this field from associated gasses is more than (29.7 MSCF/day) and methane is about (80%) of the total production with (1.05 %) of (H2S) the research indicates that the losses (flaring) is about (7MSCF/day) which is enough to produce more than (15 MW) of electrical power. Also includes the possibility of using this production in different industrials such as (petrol-chemicals), with how to reduce the pollutantrisks

This study aimed to expose the level of awareness of employees in higher education and scientific research institutions to the importance of applying electronic management in these institutions and the barriers that impede the application (the province of Diyala, case study). Quantitative method is adopted to collect data from Diyala University and Baquba Technical Institute using questionnaire surveys. The sample of (111) was selected using stratified random sampling. Results of the study showed that most of the employees are well aware of the importance of applying the electronic management. The most important obstacle to the adapting electronic management is "the lack of financial resources to finance and implement the project of electronic management". Then followed by "lack of confidence in protecting the confidentiality and security of information ", and" the weakness of the cultural awareness of information technology at social and organizational level ". In the light of the results of the study, several recommendations were presented; including necessity of providing financial support to apply electronic management and attention to infrastructure for the higher education system to keep up with development that is happening in the context of technology.Also, it is necessary to provide preventive security to ensure the protection of data from breakthrough