Journal of University of Babylon

The research focuses on the concept of individuality, which is closely related to human life, and the research problem is summarized in raising the question about individuality and how its concepts were represented in the Renaissance era and whether it had a specific role in the performance and value variables in the products of the Renaissance era. The first chapter included the identification of individuality and its representations in the Renaissance era through its intellectual and structural treatments together for the period from (1482 - 1505) represented by religious drawings and murals executed in a fresco manner and murals executed in oil. The research sample was intentionally determined by two models, and the researcher relied in analyzing the sample models on the indicators of the theoretical framework. One of the most prominent findings of the researcher is that the Renaissance is the beginning of the modern individual, who transformed in the era of (Jean-Jacques Rousseau) and crowned the individual as a king over himself and the world. The individualists also believed in the value of the individual’s pursuit of personal goals and his desire for self-reliance and love of complete independence and dominance, and they strongly oppose the interference of others in their affairs and interests, whether through the tribe, sect, or any other social entities.
One of the most prominent conclusions reached by the research is the claim of the individualists to get rid of the control of the church and enjoy intellectual freedom that enables the individual to develop his talents and creative powers without obstacles or restrictions. And the Romans, and accordingly, art was liberated from the authority of religion, heading towards beauty in itself, and the individual became a criterion for judging things.

In this research, we study the use of Arabic from the perspective of identity, in terms of what we called linguistic identity in terms of real or virtual language in the means of communication. It is an internal force that binds the individual or group to the official language, which is the individual's sense of belonging to his community, and it, is part of daily life and its various events, especially the events of the Corona epidemic.
We studied the relationship that binds the individual to the language of his own people, the ability to express the pandemic, old and translated idiomatic uses, as well as the study of linguistic confusion in receiving daily expressions affected by the current crisis, and to clarify what increases the strength of Arab identity regionally and globally.
The research studied some terms and their semantic shift, focusing on language planning, revealing the difficulties that prevent the achievement of the goal, looking at the linguistic preparation that the media performs to prevent the epidemic in the Abu Dhabi Channel, with a linguistic study in the communicative theory appropriate for research, and an analysis of the media discourse on the principles of discourse when (Grace); To prove the identity of the Arab, which we hope will not be isolated from communication in the new lifestyle.

Since we did not find anyone who took care of an objective, pragmatic and applied study of the apology, according to Austin, in the Qur’anic discourse, and we did not forget about it, we decided to conduct this study; In order to reveal the philosophy of the language of the implicit apologetic discourse in this Bible, the research concluded that the implicit apology is achieved by three combinations; Interrogative, imperative, and declarative, and several strategies are included in these structures, including the strategy of justification, the strategy of presenting the argument, the strategy of asking for forgiveness for error, and the strategy of taking responsibility... The research also concluded that if we wanted to include apology as one of the structural methods among Arabs, we could Choosing (I apologize) and the like as (I am sorry) a body for express apology, as they chose specific bodies for the appeal, and (Forgive me) can be considered an implicit apology for deviating from the formula of explicit apology and intolerance of truth and lies.

The subject of laboratory applications, which was developed later (participation lesson), of which the graduation project is considered a part, so the participation lesson contains all the vocabulary and principles of the methodological study, so there is no doubt that the participation lesson is of great importance in developing the student’s creative skills and preparing him technically and academically
The lesson of participation today has become one of the most important educational and educational materials in the field of academic university teaching, especially in the faculties of fine arts, because it seeks to involve the student within an artistic group in artistic work, and for the student to feel the spirit of cooperative teamwork because the student within the group represents a part of the whole, the success of the group depends on the success of every part of it.
Hence, the current research focused on studying the reality of the participation lesson in light of the objectives and outputs. The research included four chapters: The first chapter included the research problem based on the following question? What is the reality of the participation lesson in light of the objectives and outputs, and the most important problems of this lesson? The importance of the research and the need for it was demonstrated by the fact that the participation lesson is an important pillar for the development of theatrical movement, and this contributes to discovering creators, refining their talent and developing their scientific and practical capabilities. The aim of the research was to know the reality of the participation lesson in light of the objectives and outputs, and the chapter concluded by defining the terms.
While the second chapter included the theoretical framework and the resulting indicators to contain two sections, the first was: theatrical laboratory applications (concept and objectives), while the second section concerned the typical applications of laboratory applications. The third chapter: it contained the research community, the research sample and the research tool, while the fourth chapter It included results, conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

The research aimed to present a new reading of our grammatical heritage according to the descriptive approach, in order to reveal the informative dimension in the predicative structure and its complements at grammarians. Because they analyzed the syntactical structure, its breadth, rejection and acceptance, dependent on the usefulness of speech and its informativity. Hence, the study of the subject came in three sections: the first represented the usefulness of speech between the predication and the informativity, the second observed the concepts of the essential and redundancy element between the predication and the informativity, and the third showed the effect of informativity interest on some grammatical issues. The findings of the research revealed a value of the informative dimension in the use of language in general, and in the predicative structure and its complements in particular, so it seemed a linguistic intent, and a syntactical requirement, and in its framework, the usefulness of speech at grammarians was divided into: predicative and informative.

The world theater in general، and the Iraqi one in particular، is considered a fountain and an intellectual and aesthetic incubator and a source of educational and psychological culture to which societies and behaviors elevate because of the educational and artistic sciences that contribute to reforming behavioral deviations with aesthetic broadcasts that illuminate and enlighten the minds of the characters.
The first chapter included the research problem with its following question: (What are the implications of ambiguity in the characters of contemporary Iraqi theater performances)، and the importance of the research was attributed to the study of (implications of ambiguity) as a widespread aesthetic، dialectical behavioral phenomenon at the intellectual، educational، psychological and social levels embodied in confusion، ambiguity and misunderstanding The behavior of the characters in the theatrical performance And determining the goal that focused on identifying the implications of ambiguity in the characters of contemporary Iraqi theater performances، with defining the boundaries (temporal: 2010-2020) and (spatial: Iraq)، and (topic: studying the implications of ambiguity in the characters of contemporary Iraqi theater performances)، especially Procedural definitions of the concepts contained in the title of the research.
The second chapter (the theoretical framework) consisted of two sections، with mentioning the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework، and the researcher did not find a previous study or adjacent to the title of his research. He touched on the connotations of ambiguity in the personalities of the texts of the world stage. The third chapter included the research procedures، in which the research community was identified، which consisted of (11) A theatrical performance، and the research sample chosen by the researcher was extracted from it in the intentional way، represented by the two plays (Women's Playing) and (Inter View) based on the descriptive (analytical) approach in the sample according to the nature of the research.

The constitution is the basic document that all state authorities are obligated to work with, and it also represents the top of the legal system in it. Here comes the idea of constitutionalism, which means that all legislation and decisions in the state are issued in conformity with the provisions and principles of the constitution, so they do not contradict or contradict them, and consequently give rise to the idea of censorship. On the constitutional legitimacy carried out by the constitutional judiciary represented by the Federal Supreme Court which is entrusted with the constitution itself The task of ensuring its protection from all forms and forms of persecution, as it imposed strict judicial control over the constitutionality of laws and to clarify what constitutional flaws it might encounter leading to its revocation and cancellation, and the duty it performs to interpret constitutional texts is binding on all authorities and individuals in the state.
In the light of the principle of the supremacy of the constitution, the legislative authority should seek through its actions to achieve the public interest, but this perception is nothing but an assumption that may not be consistent with reality. In fact, the legislator often resorts to disguised and disguised contravention of the constitution and exploits his discretion to put in place legislation that appears to be correct and inwardly invalid, and here appears the defect of legislative deviation, which this study attempts to demonstrate its types and the position of jurisprudence and the constitutional judiciary on it.

This research aims to address the methods and mechanisms of inference that the addressee uses to clarify his intentions. It monitors how the indirect intended meanings are inferred by direct meanings. This research derives its importance from dealing with examples of a heritage blog whose topics and issues are centered in the form of a question and answer from the book: Al-Hawamil and Al-Shawamil of Al-Tawhidi and Miskawayeh. It seeks to analyze the mechanisms of inference by question and answer, and to what extent inference contributes to achieving the objectives of Al-Tawhidi in his questions, and the objectives of Miskawayeh in his answers, by analyzing the strategies taken by the questioner and the respondent to achieve their purposes, relying on techniques of direct inference at times, and indirect inference at other times by investing competencies Communicative contained in the Code, these competencies varied in their dependence on language and its tools, on understanding the intent and revealing the implicit question and answer.

In spite of all attempts to refine the real image of colonialism as the angel of mercy which has staff of Moses to flip up the scales, yet such attempts are doomed to fail. Hence, this article shows the impact of cultural imposition on identity formation by applying Frantz Fanon's concept of "cultural imposition" to Inaam Kachichi's The American Grand-Daughter within the context of postcolonial theory. A question has been raised about the nature and the role of cultural blending. The article argues that imposition as a process has a negative impact when applied to culture since it generates a feeling of double consciousness. This article also extends our knowledge of the effect of living within two cultures which generates characters with duality of thinking but not hybrid characters and also to make scholars aware of the impact of such a blending. The most striking result to emerge from this study is that Kachachi's characters undergo a mental conflict since another culture is imposed alongside with their own culture, leading to double consciousness that dominates their thinking.

The objective of the current research is to build quality standards for the kindergarten curriculum, and to achieve this aim, the researchers built a research tool and presented to a group of experts and they concluded same results and this tool is considered as a measure of the quality standards of the kindergarten curriculum. It consists of five main areas (Curriculum objectives, curriculum content, teaching and learning methods, means of education, evaluation), and It consists of (40) items and these items have been adopted, and the researchers recommended a number of recommendations, including the development of the kindergarten curriculum, the need to take the opinions of the specialists in this field when modifying the kindergarten curriculum, introducing various educational activities to the kindergarten curriculum.

This research is concerned with studying (the stylistic vision in the drawings of Sabih Kalash)، and it may consist of four chapters. The research problem also dealt with the stylistic visions of Iraqi painting and the impact of external conditions and European painting schools in Iraqi formation، and then the extent to which the artist (Sabih Kalash) was affected by these shifts in styles.. The importance of the research was also to shed light on the artistic experience of the painter Sobeih Kalash. As for the second chapter represented by the theoretical framework، it may consist of two sections: The first topic dealt with an introduction to the nature of style، stylistics and stylistic diversity in contemporary Iraqi painting، taken by a group of Iraqi painters، and the second topic was devoted to intellectual approaches Constructivism in the style of Sobeih Kalash is the subject of the research study. As for the third chapter on the research procedures، the research community includes the available models from the artist personally and the Internet. Five samples of the artist’s work were deliberately selected for analysis. The descriptive approach was also adopted in the analysis of the research samples. As for the fourth chapter، it included the results of the research، which are represented by the diversity of stylistic visions of Sabih Kalash and the conclusions that showed the extent to which the artist deepened the local heritage with the modernity of the age.

This paper examines patriarchy, its ideologies and stereotyping in the Grimms’ fairy tale “Little Snow-White” (1812). It uses feminist literary criticism in order to unfold the patriarchal premises in “Little Snow-White” with great emphasis on Lois Tyson’s concept of ‘biological essentialism’ in her book Critical Theory Today: A User Friendly Guide (2006). Therefore, it studies the patriarchal ideologies of patriarchal woman and traditional gender roles in “Little Snow-White.” Ultimately, this paper demonstrates that patriarchy as an ideology can be more understandable through showing how men and women are stereotyping models within the patriarchal culture and how it negatively affects both of them. So, women can be more aware of their realities and be motivated for equal rights and opportunities with men to reconstruct their role in society more effectively.