DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES

Power system reliability is considered as one of the important power system operation issues especially in distribution system sectors. Sometimes power quality problems may cause sensitive equipments,especially modern products to malfunction and a process interruption leads to poor system reliability. Reliability improvement can be judged through monitoring certain indices. To enhance utility side reliability, distribution network reconfiguration is commonly used for the purpose of network loss reduction and other benefits. The main objective of this work is to propose a method, to assess and enhance distribution system reliability under optimal network configuration.The binary version of the gravitational search algorithm is used as a heuristic optimization tool to determine optimal solutions for the network reconfiguration problem. A section of Diyala governorate distribution system is considered in this work for a system case study. That section in Baqubah district consists of four 11kV distribution feeders with 116-buses. Implementation of the proposed method in the Baqubah sample system shows a significant reliability improvement

Columnscan be definedas individuals that carry loads mainly in compression. Frequently, columns carrybending moments as properly, about one or each axisof the cross section. The bending moment action may produce tensile stresses over a part of the cross section. In this research, twenty-four column samples distributed into eight groups were cast to investigate the structural behavior under loading with varying bar diameter, clearcover of vertical reinforcement and concrete strength. Samples designed to fail by tension. The loading rate was set to be from fifteen to twenty percent of designed capacity. The results showedthat increasing concrete strength leads to increase in bearing capacity, the load that needsto causethefirstcrack and decreasingin crack width. Increasing steel bars size showed risinginacolumnbearingcapacity, the loadthat needsto occur the first crack, crack width and decreasing the number of cracks in tension area. While the large concrete cover caused increasing in bearing capacity, the crack width and reduce the load that needs to producethe first crack

Information security is an important matter in communication systems such as internet communication, multimedia systems, medical imaging, and especially military communication. This paper presents two types ofmultimediacryptography; text and image cryptographydepending onusing Chen and Liu systems. The two systems together are used to generate a secret key to enciphermultimedia. First by changing the position of characters in originaltext and changing position of pixels in original image,then changing thecharacter valueitself andpixelvaluedependingon random numbers generated by Liu and Chen systems.The experimentaland simulation results show that the proposed system is effective and has a high security level.Due to itskey space, high key sensitivity, high entropy , low correlation, strong against differential analysisand finallylow time complexity since the same set of numbers must be generated depending in the same key schedule to return original multimedia and this is impossible without knowing exact initial conditions,parameters atthe same schedule

This research presents an experimental work to investigate the structural behavior of concrete wall panels subjected to high temperature (3500c) and distributed load. Eight specimens of wall panels were tested in this study and divided equally in to four groups, each group consists of two wall panels first one with slenderness ratio (H/t=20) and the other one with slenderness ratio (H/t=14). The first group with normal strength concrete, the second with high strength concrete,the third with modified reactive powder concrete (MRPC) and the fourth withreactive powder concrete (RPC). The results showsthat forwall panels with slenderness ratio H/t=20 the lateral deflection decrease by about 19% as concrete strength (fc')increase from 30.2Mpa to 69.5Mpa and about 58% as concrete strength (fc') increase to 128Mpa at failure load, while for H/t=14 the lateral deflection decrease by about 49% as concrete strength (fc') increase from 30.2Mpa to 69.5Mpa and about 28% as concrete strength (fc') increase to 128Mpa at failure load. For Wall panels with high strength concrete, MRPC, and RPC there is no big difference between lateral deflection at the linear part for panel with H/t=14and panel with H/t=20. This difference increases at the nonlinear part of the curves. The failure load increases by about 62% as the concrete strength (fc')increases from 30.2Mpa to 69.5Mpa and increases to 50% as the concrete strength (fc') increasesfrom 69.5Mpa to128Mpa for panels with H/t=14. The failure load increases by about 89% as concrete strength (fc') increases from 30.2Mpa to 69.5Mpa and the failure load increases by 56% as the concrete strength (fc') increases from 69.5Mpa to 128Mpa for panels with H/t=20. For all tested panels the failure mode was buckling failure and the cracks for wall panels with RPC and MRPC are close to center of the panel

This research is devoted to study the effect of adding alloying elements (Ti and Sn) with different percentages (1, 3 and 5) wt%on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and dry sliding wear resistance of Al-6.9wt%Si-1.7%Cu alloy.The particle size of Ti powder is 200 μm, but the Sn adding as a small bits to the alloy.The microstructures were examined with optical microscope for the base alloy before and after adding alloying elements. This examination showed that the changing occurs on the morphology of grain, precipitated intermetallic compounds and other phases (TiAl, TiAl2, Al2Cu and β-Sn) determined by the x-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties studied in this research were the tensile strength, impact toughness, and hardness. The results depicted that the ơu, ơy and hardness increase with increasing the percentage of Ti, while they decrease with increase the percentage of Sn. On the other hand, the alloys with Ti additions revealed that El% decrease with increasing Ti additions, but El% increase with increasing the Sn addition to the base alloy. Also, the impact toughness,was examined, and it was found alloying element was lower than the base alloy for both elements (Ti and Sn). The pin-on-disk technique was used to determine the wear resistance for base alloy before and after adding the alloying elements. The wear resistance increased with increasing the percentage of the Sn, but it decreased with increasing the percentage of Ti at different applied loads (2.5, 5 and,7.5)Nat a constant sliding speed of(3.7) m/sec

Theaverage accurateprediction of the duration of anirrigation channelproject represents a critical factor for the feasibility study of this project. This research aims to develop anartificial neural networkmodel for predicting the duration of irrigation channelprojects at early stage, where no detailed informationis available. Statistics Package SocialSciences(SPSS)program was used as a suitable environment for developing the proposed model. The required field data was collected from 50Irrigation Channelprojectin Iraq. Validity of ANNmodel clearly showed that it has a excellentprediction capability with an average accuracy of 93.5%

A groove filled with gravel underthe soil surface is presented in this research to study the influence of groove’s dimensions and emitter’s discharge on the wetting pattern directions in the heavy soil under surface drip irrigation systems. Dimensional analysis techniques were used for predicting the wetting patterndirections functions and the comparison with the experimental work was carried out. The laboratory tests were conducted in a clay loam soil steel container using groove filled with gravel underthe soil surface of width 10 cm and 20 cm and at emitter’s discharge 1.3 l/hr and 2 l/hr.The results showed that the groove’s width has effected on dimensions of the wetting patterns front. The increasing of the groove’s width caused increase in the soil water movement in downward and horizontal directions by an average value of 19.1% and 8.9%, respectively. Also, the increasing of the groove’s width had an inverse effect on the water upward direction; the average value dropped by 19.9%. Moreover, increasing value of the emitter’s discharge influenced on the increasing and decreasing of the upward, horizontal and downward water directions. Increasing of the emitter’s discharge, saturation state was taken place inside the groove due to the clay particles in the soil. The statistical analysis for the comparison among the predicted wetting patterns equations developed by the dimensional analysis techniques with the experimental measured data showed a good agreement. The RMSE and R2were varied from 1.18 cm to 1.847 cm and from 0.98 to 0.99, respectively.

Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) plays essential role in many signal processing applications. In this paper, novel hardware architecture is presented for DFT. It is based on various transform sizes (N) in aim to provide low power and high speed for modern multimedia applications. The proposed architecture uses twoMultipliersand adders to perform the computation of DFT for different sizes of input data. Full analysis of architecture is discussed thoroughly for various transform sizes (N). This analysis consists of power consumption, hardware cost and speed parameters discussion. In addition, the implementation of this architecture in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) is explained. Less than 1.62 mW dynamic power consumption for N=128 at 100 MHz operating frequency is achieved by proposed architecture. Finally, the comparison with state of art architectures results reveals that the proposed architecture outperforms other architectures in terms of speed and hardware cost.

n airport planning process, there is always a crucial need for good and reliable air traffic demand estimate. It is equally important for airport authorities and airline carriers, for in the case of under estimated demand, there would be frequent congestions and delays. Conversely; overestimates would lead to unjustified expenditure which may lead to financial problems to all parties. The accurate and reliable models are not highly sophisticated in nature. In this paper, two econometric models were developed to forecast the passenger enplanements in two of the busiest airports in the United States of America. Many national and local socioeconomic variables were analyzed to come up with simple, yet accurate models. It was found that the total aggregate variables including per capita gross domestic production and population, have more influence on demand in the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport than the local variables, while the same factors, but in their regional scale, proofed to be more influencing in the case of John F Kennedy International Airport

The aim of this study is to evaluation the process planning and time scheduling for the construction projectes in construction comanies by using AHP technique. This is done throughout determination of the used criterion to determination to selecte the optimum construction company from aspect of preparing time schedules. In order to satisfied this aim, adata collection have been made from some literatures about Analytic Hierachy and time scheduling and the field study represented by interview and aquestionnaire. The results of data analysis of samples show that the criterions contract documents, the executing agency management, Natur of the project, and business planning and follow-up.Have obtained a great portion of relative importance comparatively with another criterions between companies, and the criterion contract documents and followed the excuting agency management are more important than another criterions of the companies. The company of Al –Mansour had obtain a great portion of relative importance comparatively with another companies. Finally it has been resulted to set of conclusions and recommendation for different aspects of thissubject, such as, reliance on personal experience and sometimes on historical datato estimate the time periods for events without resorting to an effective distribution of resources at the event and determine the productivity standard for various work teams.And the need to the management manners qualified essential to evaluation construction companies in different aspects and speciallyin the filed of time scheduling.

The(iron steam)factory is one of the important factories in the (Diyala Company for Electrical Industries) which includes seven successive and related stages (departments)these departments are:1 –Resistancestage 2 –casting stage 3 –carbonization stage 4 –Plasticalstage 5 –compacting stage 6 –Electro planting stage7 –Assembling stageThe research used the(minute) as a unit for estimating time of performance of the activities which are different between stages and between materialsto anotherThe time is independent variable and the productionis the dependent variable the research used(PERT)(Program Evaluation of Review Technique)technique which is used network Analysis and determine (C. P .M)(Critical Path Method)The results of research is:There are slack time don’t used in executed processes for production this slack time is ( 24.5) minutes may be increase production about double if used by the company and reduce the time to achievement activities in the company