Journal of Techniques

The aims of this study was concerned on the evaluation the etiology of diarrhea (parasitic (E. histolytica and G. lamblia) and viral (Rotavirus)) in children under five years and its effectiveness on the some laboratory investigations which is the complete blood picture (CBP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), and sero-prevalence of celiac disease; in which two types of autoantibodies was studied, anti-gliadin (IgG and IgA), and anti-tissutransglutaminase (IgG and IgA); on the other hand the total IgG, IgA, and IgM were also evaluated. A total of 98 children with diarrhea have been diagnostic, 50 children with unknown cause of diarrhea regarded as control positive, and 21 apparently healthy children as a control negative. E. histolytica recorded the largest percent 36.7% followed by G. lamblia 23.4%, then Rotavirus 17.3% and smallest recorded as Sero-positive celiac disease children 8.1%. On the other hand 14.2% of cases were mixed infection either as E. histolytica and Rotavirus, G. lamblia and Rotavirus, or E. histolytica and G. lamblia, and all cases with Sero-positive celiac disease were mixed with Rotavirus or E. histolytica, or both. Most of Rotavirus infection occur in the age <1 and 1-2 years (23.5% and 47.1%) respectively, Sero-positive celiac disease shows mostly in the age 4-5 years and <1(62.5% and 25%) respectively. But the E. histolytica was mostly at 4-5 years (36.1%) and G. lamblia was mostly in age 1-2 and 2-3 years (30.4%). we found that most of neutrophilia and eosinophilia cases were in E. histolytica and G. lamblia, lymphocytosis were mostly recoded in Rotavirus. Hemoglobin concentration show a significant decrease in patients with diarrhea. Abnormal ESR reading has been in Rotavirus cases (30%), and E. histolytica (26%), then followed by G. lamblia (22%) and Sero-positive celiac disease (8%). CRP titer shows higher mean values with E. histolytica (58.18%) and Sero-positive celiac disease (56.29%), then followed by G. lamblia (18.89%) and Rotavirus (7.51%). Total IgG show no significant values except for Sero-positive celiac disease (1318.3%) mean value, but all the investigated cases show normal mean value with IgA, this is important for excluding the possibility of IgA deficiency syndrome. IgM show no significant value with the investigated cases.

Background: Many previous studies indicate the role of the fimbriae of P.gingivalis in biofilm formation to biotic and abiotic surface P.gingivalis without fimbriae cannot gain entry inside epithelial cell. P. gingivalis. Fimbria-deficient mutants have a reduced ability to invade human gingival epithelial and human oral epithelial cell line.
Objetive:To study the role of fimbria (fim A) isolated from P. gingivalis, local isolates in adhesion to buccal epithelial cells.
Patients and methods:Thirty eight patients with chronic periodontitis enrolled for this study. Six (15%) isolates was identified as Porphyromonasgingivalis. Major fimbriae with MW (41KDa) were isolated from P5 isolate, partial purified was done byGoulbourne& Ellen. P. gingivalis(P5) was grown anaerobically,fractions were collected and proteins were measured at 280nm, Fraction with the same profile were used (Amicon,Grace& Co.,Danvers,Mass). Protein filtration was analyzed by procedure of Laemmli.
Result: Pretreatment buccal cells with partial purified fimbriae reduce the number of attached bacteria in a dose dependent manner, the highest effect was seen at the fambrial concentration 40µ (8±2)bac/cell while the lowest effect was at the concentration 10 µ(29±3)bac/cell. Anti- fimbriae reduced bacterial number attached to buccal cells and inhibit biofilm formation. Effect of fimbriae on lymphocyte and neutrophils viability was examined by trypan blue.
Conclusion: Specific antibodies against fimbriae could be used as a therapeutic agent against an aggressive type of these bacteria and reduce its pathogenicity. This approach therefore, serves as a new means to fight infectious diseases.

The dietary supplement industry is constantly developing, continuously offering a wide variety of products for athletes and non-athletes. This study has conducted to investigated the biological activity of L-carnitine on some physiological criteria in the sera of sixty sportsmen (volunteers) male only in age of ( 18-24 ) years in Kirkukcity in spring of ( 2015 ) , the particular testing period continue for (4) weeks and the volunteers were randomly divided into (2) groups each group include (30) volunteer as following:
The first group of athletes was control groupin which did not supplysupplementations,the second group of athletes who have used L- carnitine (500 mg) per day and an average of twice a day for 15 dayssupplementations.
The results have been indicated the following: The sportsmen whom received L- carnitine every day for 15 days showed a significant increase in the concentrations of High-density lipoproteinHDL –cholesterol while there was a significant decrease in the concentrations ofAspartate Transaminase (GOT) ,Alanine Transaminase (GPT) andAlkaline phosphatase(Alp) enzymes , total cholesterol(Cho) and Triglycerides(T.G) in comparison with control group before and after the exercise. The current study revealed that using L-carnitine as supplements for sportsmen have an important effects on most of physiological and biochemical activities of the body and a positive effect to improve exercise performance.

Detection of intestinal parasites via routine microscopy considered technique demanding processes. Modified Schaudinns fixative copper base (CuSo4SF) and two food color powders Amaranth (A) and Brilliant blue (B) were utilized to create a new wet and permanent stain for identification of intestinal parasites.
Eight positive stool specimens for intestinal parasites were suspended in CuSo4SF. Different concentrations of food color powder (A) and (B) were prepared by dissolving each in CuSo4SF to form A-CuSo4SF and B-CuSo4SF respectively. Each solution of A-CuSo4SF was mixed at equal ratio with each of B-CuSo4SF with the addition of several concentrations of Glycerol. Wet and permanent mounts were prepared by mixing each stool suspension with each staining solution at ration 1:1 and then examined microscopically. Follow up study for two years was conducted to detect the most optimum working concentration and to determine the stability of the permanent smears and the staining solution.
Food color powders showed high dissolving capacity in CuSo4SF solution at room temperature. The solution composed of 1.6 % (A-CuSo4SF), 0.4% (B-CuSo4SF) and 9% glycerol showed 100% recovery for intestinal parasites, the highest staining proficiency and used effectively as both wet and permanent mount stain. This new staining solution remained stable for two years, while the permanent smears were stable for eight months

The objective of this study was to Measure the Peak Expiratory Flow rate which has been suggested as an important tool used to test ventilator capacity in Iraqi youth population. In this research 101 young Iraqi students aged 18 to 38 years (mean ±S.D 20.20±0.99) were included to measure their peak expiratory flow values using peak flow meter. The mean values of peak expiratory flowrate achieved of three successive attempts and take the highest reading; standing height in centimeter (cm) was measured. Results show deviation from the European scale standard to measure PEFR, confirming that peak expiratory flow reading in Iraqi young population aged 18 to 38 is different from that in European scale. The data from this sample size is not representative of characteristics of the studied population, therefore, the findings of the present study should be considered preliminary and call for further studies with a large sample size based on random selection to confirm the peak expiratory flow readings of normal individuals to be used in the follow up on Asthmatic Iraqi patients. This study showed deviation from European scale in the enrolled individuals.

This descriptive study design as a quantitative approach was adopted to identify the Rate and the Reasons for of Contraceptive use among Women in the Mosul city ( the aim of the study ) and to examine the relationship between demographic characteristics of the Women with the Rate and the Reasons for of Contraceptive use among through the period from ( 1rst of June - 2012 to the 1rst of April - 2013 ). The sample of the study included ( 250 ) A married woman, Samples were collected from women following are reviewing three hospitals in the city of Mosul (( Ibn al-Atheer Teaching Hospital - 67 - Woman )) , (( AL- Khansa Teaching Hospital - 83 - Woman )) and (( Al-bitol Teaching Hospital - 100 - Woman)) in the center of Nineveh Governorate. In order to collect the data, a questionnaire was constructed depending on the previous studies and related literatures. Content validity of the questionnaire was determined by presenting the questionnaire to a panel of ( 11 ) experts and the reliability of the study was determined by applying the tool to ( 27 ) Woman, and the Person's Correlation Coefficient was ( r = 0.79 ; P . < 0.05 ). The Result analysis showed that there were significant statistical relationships among some categories and between the rate and the reasons for the use of contraceptives with the attributes of the sample. The study concluded that there is a relationship between the age of the wife and the husband's age and years of marriage with ways and methods of contraceptive use and the reasons for the use of contraceptives, and the educational level of impact on the ways and methods of contraceptive use, and the job or work effect on the reasons for contraceptive use. The study recommends: Do not use contraception for married at an early age except consult your doctor, and the need to conduct in-depth research on the subject, and increase awareness and education for women around the ways and reasons for the use of contraceptives.