Kufa Journal of Arts

Linguistic collocation is considered one of the modern linguistic issues that were associated with the contextual school and the research took wide ranges in it due to its close connection with linguistic use, and it had a great impact on the theory of semantic fields and the construction of lexicons and a criterion for other researchers in determining the validity of lexical semantics, and modern Arab linguists transferred and translated it, and tried to root it heritage by searching for its origins in ancient linguistic research.
This phenomenon was also associated with relationships with other linguistic phenomena that preoccupied the Arabic linguistic lesson, and this research came to indicate a brief reference to the association of accompaniment and its great role in defining and revealing these phenomena semantically.

The atural wealth resources and humanity, which hinders any efforts, especially the comprehensive development of society. Accordingly, the problem of drug abuse and addiction is one of the most complex problems, which reflects the spatial dimensions of the phenomenon and its economic, political and social effects, and the location factor represents an element of strength that supports the state in eliminating the phenomenon and its aggravation in the future. The study also aims to highlight the size of the drug phenomenon and its distribution temporally and spatially for the period (2015 – 2020) in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, according to the 15 administrative units, sub-districts and district centers.

This research tends to provide an analysis of the existing industrial structure or its structure in more detail, through the distribution of industries based on its branches in the governorates of the Middle Euphrates in (2017), to demonstrate and know the weight and importance of each industry, and the nature of each of them in order to arrive at a determination of which industries and governorates to which each governorate specializes in order to take its active role in the establishment and success of the industrial integration process

This research deals with the issue of human activity between philosophy and theology, and this is considered the focus of human studies, describing the man as the essence of existence, so we show the extent of the connection between philosophy and theology in this important issue, which is related to the doctrine of divine justice and the extent of freedom granted to man in carrying out his actions, which has always disturbed Muslims Among them is the issue of choice and coercion, and there was much debate about it between the theologians and philosophers, and each of them set conditions and rules for it so that this human act could be achieved, and in light of it the servant is assigned to carry out devotional orders and give the mind a wide space in the law, so the theologians acknowledged the freedom of action.
But with conditions, they divided the actions into optional and compulsory actions. Muammar bin Abbad Al-Salami, for example, mixed the two actions, and Ibrahim bin Sayyar Al-Nazam went on to say about the risks of obedience and the risks of disobedience, and they are both created by God Almighty within man, and man has freedom and choice. As for the philosophers, they also dealt with this issue, and they are closer to the Mu'tazila theologians, where the influence and influence between them is clear the likes of Abu Yusuf Ya`qub al-Kindi and Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi.

This research sheds light on the influences that helped the poet Khazal Al-Majidi choose the titles for his poems The religious and historical influences had a major role in that, as the poet worked on recalling some of the religious and historical components and their symbols in the formation of titles and then projecting these components onto reality to deliver the idea to the recipient. The title is the point of illumination that reveals to us the darkness of the text and deciphers its symbols, and is the first threshold and the central idea of it

The research devoted (the phenomenon of anxiety in the structural terms of the feminist poem (initiation, displacement and contrast) as an example.) including the effect of initiation, displacement and contrast on the poem to show feminist attitudes. The external, which is a situation in which scholars stopped, and this topic moved to literature, so critics investigated those sources that man is exposed to and caused him anxiety that appears in his behavior in general. The feminist poem, including: personal (subjective) motives. We conclude from this that this art expresses anxiety in a clear way, as it is a question about a mysterious, unknown issue that is difficult to explain. And its intrigue and suspense according to the themes of the poems. Hence, we understand that the causes of concern have formed with the feminist poem a main axis of the poets’ expression of their feelings, anxiety and sad emotions, thus forming a rich product with its own and distinctive features.

In terms of constitutional form, states are divided into simple states in which power is concentrated in the hands of the federal government, with specific competencies of an administrative nature to the constituent units of the federal state, as well as the presence of central control by the federal government in the capital, and the second form of states are states The vehicle consisting of the union of a group of countries, these countries united to achieve common goals, and the distribution of powers in them is according to the nature and type of the union linking these countries.
The complex states are divided into the real personal and federal union, the confederation, and the federation, which is considered one of the best types of unions because the political system in this union is one and one flag of the state, and the competencies in it are distributed between the federal government and the constituent units of the federal union, whether they are (states, regions), and countries usually resort to union due to a danger that threatens their survival if they remain alone, or there are common elements between the citizens of these countries, which generates a motive for them to merge into one state, so the best solution for countries that suffer from linguistic and ethnic diversity is the union Federal, as this system will achieve great progress for the countries entering the union, which they will not be able to achieve if they remain alone.

Symbols are considered from the important techniques that make the reader curious and increase his desire to reach out the intention of the poet, and to reveal their significance within the text and his poetic product, the dynamic of the environment ensures the reader's access to the depth of the text, so, the reader's work becomes like a space for multi readings, with far semantics from the mentioned reality, where the environment symbol within the literary text is effective tool to reveal the hidden text which are resulted from its semantics in its expressed dimension about the hidden revelation in the repressed feelings of the poet within their interiors and enrolled on themselves, so, choosing this subject is considered as a endeavor to highlight these symbols especially the ruins ones, and showing their importance in the poetry of ( Husam Al Din Al Hajiri(
As soon as the symbols that related to the reader than related to text, so the reader should decode these symbols so this research is about to monitor and reveal their contents especially the ruins ones because they are a place full of alot of dimensions and gestures.

The analogy is one of the rhetorical mechanisms by which theargumentativework as an intercourse factor, and the uses of apostasy have reached the demands of persuasion since ancient times, because the argumentative is fumble, as it is one of the natural cosmic manifestations of humanity which differs and conforms to some perceptions, however it was not limited to science, or culture, but it is related to the existence of man, and his nature.
Besides, it works to help the bonds, the arguments that come up with the result of reinforce the purpose and the opposability of the speaker towards a specific destination by the speakers; the analogy is a technique of the 'Hajjaj' process, and the arguments are persuasive mechanisms, which were of the old rhetorical and modernists; it arouses the recipient's inherent capacity, working his thinking by researching and looking for a position that is similar between the two sides of the analogy, so the relationship that brings them together is the one that occupies the recipient, and urges persuading ; and directs the desired argument by the speaker only.
Accordingly, the researcher goes along with ‘Hajjaji’ analogue which combines the argument, the result, included the ties of 'Hajjaji coherence, namely (الواو, الفاء, او, ثم, and so on), the ties of 'Hajjaji' conflict, which are (لكن and بل), and the links of 'Hajjaji reasoning include (the word cause, effect and so on). And the bonds of the Hijjaji' clause include the condition devices, and the opposites that helped to determine the result that Imam Ali (A.S) aimed in his speech containing the speech of parents and sons in the rhetoric approach, which will be the focus of our research.

The Iraqi government has used several means to get rid of the unjust siege imposed on Iraq during the rule of Saddam Hussein, and the government has approved all the resolutions issued by the United Nations against Iraq to get rid of the siege that made the Iraqi people live in a state of terror, and the means must be used To get rid of this situation, and among these means is the disarmament of weapons of mass destruction that claimed the lives of many of the Iraqi people and the fall of the Iraqi regime, which threatens the lives of many Iraqis as a result of the criminal operations that it was carrying out against the people of its people, as the results of the research showed that it is necessary to From the government taking these measures to lift Iraq from the siege.

A simple man in a suit lives ascetic by the pleasures of life, but he is rich in his intelligence and genius, and while he is thus at the top of glory, he was destined to be a pioneering scientist and a founder since the first lines he wrote for his unique sciences. As long as the world of knowledge exists, educated people in the East and West are striving to extract from it, he is Al-Khalil. The main question that can be asked in this study is: What are the sciences that are unique to them and immortalized and immortalized with them? Yes, Al-Khalil immortalized the inimitable visual scholar. He is one of the best Imamite scholars and the wonder of his time. His passion for Arabic led him to give it a significant place among languages, in addition to its undisputed position in Al-Qur’an Al-Kareem. Through the famous Al-Ain dictionary, Al-Khalil established the linguistic, phonetic, and linguistic lesson, and won the leadership in the lexical industry. Therefore, Al-Khalil participates in the foundation for Grammar in the schools of Basra and Kufa. He broadcast his grammatical views and studied accurate and complete morphology, as well as other sciences such as performances, music, arithmetic and jurisprudence.
In this study, the authors tried to focus on Al-Khalil’s effort in grammar and morphology in particular, counting the grammatical and morphological issues in the Al-Ain dictionary, and clarifying the scholars’ opinions and their differences in them, so the authors counted them with six hundred and sixty-seven issues. The share of grammar was two hundred and ninety-nine issues, and the morphology was three hundred and sixty-eight issues that have been written, balanced, and documented in the introduction and the eight volumes.

This study dealt with the basic Sassanian geographical conventions that existed in the Sassanid era, as it comes at the forefront of those terms (Alastan), which represents the region or governorate. Islamic Arabic, and the study shed light on other terms such as the tazouj, which represents the area, as well as the league, which is used to measure geographical distances

In this research, and then collecting the opinions of various economists, from Adam smeth and Frederick Liszt to Date Roderick and Ricardo Hasman, on the method of choosing the commodities that should be used for each country at the beginning of its growth process. The research shows that the traditional opinions in this field are divided into two main parts. Economic expansion policies, which are the generally accepted economic proposal for countries. It is the result of empirical studies of scholars such as: Albert O Hirschmann, Raul Bur Besch and other structuralists in the countries of Latin America. Generally, it can be said:The developing countries, in order to coordinate with the developing countries in the current process, need effective intervention from the governments. By accepting this matter, and it is necessary to support trades by governments, this question comes to mind, which trades? The latest views on the method of selecting goods that should be a target for development were put forward by Ricardo Massin. This theory, which is known as the theory of economic difficulty, links the difficulty of the economy and different crops with a coherent relationship with some to measure the degree of difficulty of the economy in any country and the difficulty of different crops. The connotations of this theory say that every country should specialize in the production of a certain To obtain from miracles the technical information of those goods in difficulty index, and skill level were calculated.

The article attempts to study the phenomenon of one of the miraculous methods of the Holy Qur’an, which is to highlight the Qur’anic verses that were mentioned in the torment, and what it indicates in terms of description and specialization in the torment, to explore and reveal its rhetorical and semantic pearls, and that the goal of choosing the topic is to reveal the various purposes and the many meanings For the description, when he - Glory be to Him, the Most High - mentions: (the torment and the righteous one) it pertains to certain peoples, or nations, and when he says: (severe torment) it also pertains to other nations, and so on.
The article was arranged according to its abundance in the Noble Qur’an, while it reached a conclusion stating that Hell is abyssal, and in every darkness, there are degrees of torment. It only shows the size of the severity of the torment, and there is a confirmation description of the torment, only God alone knows how severe it is. In the Qur’anic text it is (painful) and this indicates that the torment is a continuous pain, and God knows best.

The research is a linguistic approach to the figurative metaphor in the discourse of enlightenment of the Syrian Arab intellectual Hashem Salih based on George Lakoff and Mark Johnson\'s theory of figurative metaphor. The research deals with the way Salih\'s discourse represents the ideas of modernizing the Arab reality and criticizing the historical obstacles that prevent its progress, which are abstract ideas represented through non-creative daily realistic metaphors. The objectives of the research are summarized in revealing the formats of figurative metaphors in Salih\'s speech and the effectiveness of those metaphors in the harmony of his speech and revealing the source of those metaphors that flow into knowing the references of his speech and their cultural and intellectual specificity. The research consists of an introduction that includes the concept of discourse and enlightenment discourse and the study of discourse in the light of mental linguistics and figurative metaphor. The first section of the research includes structural metaphor and its most important patterns. The second section describes the spatial directive metaphor whereas the third section deals with existential metaphor represented by abstract ideas.

The idea of irony has attracted the attention of many studies, as it is a stylistic technique that achieves poetry and deviation in the structure. The achievement of Mahmoud Darwish is full of paradoxes that reflect the breadth of culture and knowledge, and a disturbing lifestyle, as the nature of his life, distributed in exile, provided the poet with visions that contradict reality, which was reflected in his production in creating paradox in his text.
This study explores the unveiling of the egoic paradox and its techniques, and the identification of its functions in the texts of the poet "Mahmoud Darwish", in his recent works; Diwan: A State of Siege 2002 AD, Like an Almond Blossom or Beyond 2005 AD, Diwan: I Don't Want This Poem to End 2009 AD, Diwan: The Effect of the Butterfly 2009 AD.The paradox calls for critical tools that belong to the new critical vision, which is concerned with cognitive research, and the analytical detection of the essence of creativity, by showing the aesthetic functions of the text, and defining its different types

The vocative represents one of the problematic structures in Arabic as its interpretation and understanding have attracted various theories and many opinions. Although there are many theories, they do not settle the bone of contention and erase the dispute.
This research tries to present a new view of the mentioned topic and intends not to abound in opinions. It intends to participate in resolve the issue of parsing of the vocative and provide an appropriate understanding of it.
The research finds that vocative articles function as verb-like particles since these articles attach them. They indicate the vocatived nouns as accusative nouns and it they put the rest of the sentence as a predicate indeclinable on the sign of the nominative case

'Necessity is the mother of invention'. From this standpoint, Arabs found it necessary to know what diseases and epidemics they face in their desert and urban lives that have a direct or indirect relationship to their lives. Since the Arabs are familiar with many animals, such as horses and dogs, for example and not limited, they use them during their homes and travels, therefore, there is a direct connection between the disease and epidemic that afflict animals and the possibility of humans contracting that disease through inflection. We find it natural that this resulted in the interest of quite of a few scientists who found it important to study and treat these diseases, the ways they spread and how to treat and prevent them.
Al-Jahiz was not the first to be interested in this, because the Arabs have had their interests in the field of medicine and epidemics since ancient times. But what recognizes al-Jahiz is his collection of most information that related to man and diseases that affected him from animals or the environment he lives in and how they are treated and how they are treated. Perhaps what confirms what we have said about Al-Jahiz's interest in man's relationship with the environment and the sickness and wellness that afflict him from it, we find Ibn Khaldun (d.808 AH) established Al-Jahiz's idea by saying: "The origin of diseases is thick food and food mixed with various types of spices, and then, the corrupt atmosphere resulting from the crowding of people in cities, the accumulation of their waste, and then, the lack of exercise, lead to the emergence of diseases." Perhaps what draws attention to Al-Jahiz's interest in foods and the times of eating them is because he suffered from paralysis and the relationship of this, according to the Prophet's medicine, to eating fish at night. Perhaps it is one of the reasons for writing the book by the author, as it was considered one of the most wonderful encyclopedias that included literally and scientific diversity. It is clear that the source of scientific information comes from from the East and the West, and this, if it indicates anything, it indicates the scientific enrichment that distinguished Al-Jahiz in his time.

SheikhAqaBuzurgTehranispent inSamarrathebrightestperiodsof hislifefullof scientificachievements, ashespentmostof hisattentioninresearch, classification,andotherscientificendeavors, and amongthemostprominentfruitswerehistwoeternalencyclopedias "ThePretexttotheClassificationsofShiites" and "LayersofShiiteFlags" amongelevenimportantmonumentsprovidedbytheIslamicLibraryinmanyscientificdisciplines.
Thisstudytriedtoshedlightonanimportantimpactof theeffectsofSheikhTehrani, namelythebook "ThegiftofRazito therenovatorShirazi" bypresentinghisapproachandanalyzingitscontent, insomedetail, andinterviewingwithhiscounterpartsfromthebooksof the SheikhtofindoutthecasesofsimilarityanddifferenceandunderlinetheanecdotesofscientificjokesinwhichtheSheikhmadeaperiodoftimeandabundanteffort. Abriefcomparativestudywasconductedforthethreebooks "Al-Razi'sGifttotheShiraziMujaddid..." And "Shiitemedialayers." and "Theliquidatorofthearticleinthecompilersofmen'sscience...." Inwhichadequatetranslationsofflagsandvirtuesfromdifferentcenturieswerepresented, theSheikh'smethodologywaspreservedin amanneroflogicalreasoningandhistoricalinvestigationandhighlightingthenatureoftherelationshipbetweenthethreebooksin termsofgeneralandparticularandintermsoforiginandbranching. Init, hereachedimportantconclusions, suchascontrollingthedurationofwritingthebook "Al-Razi'sGift...." Andto addressallpossiblepossibilitiestoadvancetheclaimfortheextensionoftheperiodofhiscompositiontofiftyyears. ThestudyalsorevealedthediversityofSheikhTehrani'sactivityinSamarra, betweenteachingandcompletingtheadministrativecostsofrenovatingtheShirazischoolandestablishingitslibrary. AndotherresultssuchasstudyingthejustificationsforthelackofscholarsonSheikhTehraniintheinvestigationsofjurisprudenceandassetsdespitehisscientificbriefingon thedemandsofseminaryteaching

The progressing society requires a development in Applied Linguistics areas to study language changes. The advent of the 21st century has accompanied globalization in scientific, technical, and economic activities on an international scale, which has magnified the role of English language in international communications. The present paper is assigned to trace back the development of Business Linguistics as a new area within Applied Linguistics for studying the language of business. It defines Business Linguistics with reference to its role and benefit in the marketplace.