Journal of University of Babylon

In recent years, the world is witnessing the emergence of modern technological innovations that have widely affected people in many fields, including the educational field which is one of the most important areas that have become binding to keep up with the technology and use it in the educational process. Google Classroom is one of those innovations that could facilitate the connection between teachers and students especially in the teaching and learning process. The study aimed to investigate using Google Classroom as a tool for teaching and learning from perspectives of EFL teachers and students. The researchers adopted a mixed method approach, and in order to achieve the aims of the study, two questionnaires and face to face interview were prepared. Their validity and reliability were confirmed. The first sample of the study consisted of (100) EFL students in English Language Department/College of Basic Education in Mustansiriyah University, whereas the second sample consisted of 18 EFL teachers. Both of the questionnaires consisted of 16 items to identify EFL teachers' and students' perceptions towards using Google classroom in teaching and learning. The results of the study revealed that EFL students have positive perceptions towards learning through Google classroom, whereas EFL teachers have negative perceptions towards teaching through Google classroom platform. Conclusion and Recommendations for further studies have also been drawn.

In this research, we study the use of Arabic from the perspective of identity, in terms of what we called linguistic identity in terms of real or virtual language in the means of communication. It is an internal force that binds the individual or group to the official language, which is the individual's sense of belonging to his community, and it, is part of daily life and its various events, especially the events of the Corona epidemic.
We studied the relationship that binds the individual to the language of his own people, the ability to express the pandemic, old and translated idiomatic uses, as well as the study of linguistic confusion in receiving daily expressions affected by the current crisis, and to clarify what increases the strength of Arab identity regionally and globally.
The research studied some terms and their semantic shift, focusing on language planning, revealing the difficulties that prevent the achievement of the goal, looking at the linguistic preparation that the media performs to prevent the epidemic in the Abu Dhabi Channel, with a linguistic study in the communicative theory appropriate for research, and an analysis of the media discourse on the principles of discourse when (Grace); To prove the identity of the Arab, which we hope will not be isolated from communication in the new lifestyle.

The research included three chapters, the first contained: the abstact in English, and the research problem represented by the following question: Does the decorative diversity show us a unique aesthetic? And what are the display patterns that reinforce this concept in the decorative formation of Islamic lighthouses? Then we reviewed the importance and need for the current study, as well as: The aim of the research: (knowing The Aesthetics of Pattern Variation in the Decorative Formation of Islamic Minarets).
The limits of the research: Islamic Minarets that were built with different materials and for the period (105 AH-682 AH) in (Tunisia, Egypt, Iraq and Morocco). As well as specifying search terms.
The second chapter (theoretical framework): two topics: - The first: with two axes: The first axis: an introduction to the concept of aesthetics, and the second axis: - the pattern and diversity in Islamic art, and the second topic: the decorative formation. And ended with the most important indicators. The third chapter also dealt with (research procedures): 1- The research community 2- The research sample 3- The research method: the descriptive approach (content analysis), 4- The analysis of the study sample. The research ends with the most important: (Results: To reach the fact that the use of strenuous and conical shapes in domes and sustainability in hems, this study has shown us a very important discovery and is to know the time through the shadow and light on the domes in a model (1,2) and a model (3) The researcher is that this model is as in Figure (59), which refers to lighting (6) Haniyat and part of the seventh veneer as evidence of the Hannats operate for hours and hours indicate six minutes and a few minutes A.m. Conclusions: The systemic plastic vision of the decorative construction in Islamic lighthouses depends on the two structures of connection between what is sensual and what is intuitive, through touching the aesthetic impact of the elements and vocabulary included in its formation.). The most important scientific sources have also been documented.

The current research summarizes the case of cognitive evoking and stimulating visual memory، which represents a technique of self-presentation and self-marketing techniques، so the researcher found a reason for the study for the purpose of identifying the most prominent logical and studied psychological characteristics and methods in the many fields of research and directing them towards the marketing goal and self-marketing in particular. The current topic is a subject for study in the form of the following question:
(Characteristics of visual memory in self-marketing ads)
The research included three chapters، the first chapter included a full explanation of the research problem and then presented the objectives of the research، in which it was stated: highlighting the role of visual memory and its most important characteristics for influencing and harnessing that in design، and enhancing the communicative aspect through symbolic images as a communicative mediator for joint discourse and self-marketing.
The importance of the study is also defining the terminology. As for the second chapter، it included the theoretical framework and contained three sections: the first topic (visual memory and the language of visual communication)، the second topic (self-marketing - self and influence)، and the third topic (communication skills - characteristics of the communicative message - elements of communication - Effective communication)، and the researcher did not find previous studies that approached the topic of the research، then a review of the most prominent indicators derived from the paragraphs of the entire theoretical framework.
As for the third chapter: the research community، which numbered (31) models، as a simple random sample was chosen for the purpose of analysis according to the descriptive analytical approach، and the paragraphs of the analysis form tool were identified، derived from the most prominent indicators of the theoretical framework. Then the analysis of the research sample models and a presentation of the most prominent results were: The intentional presentation formats and suggestions did not show any noticeable differences - the stereotypes in subtraction were similar or close in the demonstrative processes in all models. As for the conclusions، including: The echo return is related to the state of communicative reinforcement، assistance and urging to make instantaneous decision-making، and recommendations from them are recommended by the researcher and suggestions .
Finally، a list of the sources adopted by the researcher for the purpose of the study was presented.

This research clarifies the meaning of the endowment, its legitimacy, its types, its pillars, its requirements, significance, as well as its positive influence on our contemporary life. Actually, endowment has a great contribution to development; as it covers all aspects and dimensions of life whether being religious, social, cultural, economic or military. It depicts what is meant by development, in other words, developmental act in its various forms that leads to raising the level of society from a relatively lower level to a relatively higher level, and among its features: comprehensiveness - development - sustainability–besides consideringthe needs of future generations – in addition to fulfilling the needs of individuals. The Shariah urges development and considers it as a legal duty; Because it gets enough for the nation and dispenses with others.
Furthermore, this study manifests that the endowment had an impact on intellectual development. Through the endowment, many mosques were built, and science circles were established, schools, various education houses and libraries were structured. All these deeds of endowment have a prominent impact in spreading true science and culture besides eradicating ignorance, heresies and ideas alien to society. Substantial amount of money of the endowment were spent to ensure its continuity in fulfilling its purpose for which it was established and its development. The endowment also played a tangible role in ijtihad, innovation, independence of scholars and cracking them with truth. It also played a vital role in building civilization and its developmentin an interactive influential manner from both sides. It also addressed the reasons behind the decline in the role of the endowment in our current era, including: lack of experience in developing endowment funds, the absence of the role of the trust, the weak religious faith of some wealthy people, and the lack of interest in the public interest of society. In conclusion, the endowment helped development and prosperity in all aspects of life in the Islamic society.

The Iraqi feminist writer recorded her distinction in representing the theme of religious violence, which is close to the act of death with its symbolic dimension, which overshadowed Iraqi life, so that the Iraqi individual could live in the light of the infiltration of the culture of violence after having crossed the borders of the American colonialist regime, to make a number of changes in the Iraqi environment, all leading to the struggle of identities and the emergence of narrow identities. Therefore, the Iraqi novel tried to identify the nature of violence and pursue the causes that led to the emergence of violence, as the novels represented this different theme With its various transformations, to establish the Iraqi feminist novel on the celebration of the bereavement, absence, racism, exclusion, and the favela, and what distinguished it, is that it was comprehensive to the theme of violence, beginning with the Jewish exile in the famous Farhoud incident, until the advent of religious extremism that restored the time of exile, torture, and slavery to the present era. The feminist novel was a depiction of those bereavement and its treatment, An account of its existential causes, the researcher tried to follow a cultural approach to deal with this cross-cutting value, and from the results the researcher stood on, they followed Iraqi novelists in a variety of ways The Iraqi novelist tried to follow the causes that led to the violence by following a philosophical dialogue between the characters, to highlight identity and its fragility. The novelist was not submissive, but attempted to play an anti-religious role.

The modes of transmission of ideas about feminism, sexuality, and Islamic cultures are an important aspect of contemporary international relations. The wave of change that affected many Western societies after World War II had repercussions and effects on the Arab world in general and women in particular, as the latter tried to reformulate many ideas and visions. Firmly rooted in the Arab mentality about the relationship (men and women), exploiting the transformation that the Arab world witnessed at the time, and influenced by Western civilized and cultural friction. The (women’s and feminist movements) that took place in the Arab world, and the extent to which they were affected by Western feminist movements in light of the friction between civilizations and cultures, so it became important here to present a general and brief vision of this new discourse that the contemporary Islamic nation faced, as an entry point to know the reality of the existence of these movements in The Arab world, knowing its currents and trends.

This research is directed to critique the critical books that took the identity as a path to read the narrative texts from the perspective of the cultural structure and what it includes from the main components in the cultural foundation. The critics effectively meant one or more cultural components in the novelistic texts, standing at the rhetorical context and interacting with it , or declaring the implications of the cultural components and reading them according to the reading work and the critic’s methodological tools , basing our reading on the strategy of deconstructing the critical discourse.
We divided the research into a summary and an introduction to define the relationship of identity with culture and the extent of their overlap, then to stand at the most important cultural components contained in the critical contexts of identity criticism in the Arabic novel, starting with religion, body, language, music and some of the other cultural components, and we concluded the research with the most important The results, notes and margins are proven by the critical sources under study and some sources in the field of culture and criticism.

The research reviews a pattern rooted in the Arab-Islamic culture which is the pattern of centralization that was demonstrated by the pride of Arabs in their Arabic language, as an important component of the identity components to which they belong and because the language was associated with religion through the Holy Qur’an, the Arabs had to see in their language what they do not see in the languages of other nations. In this research there is a statement of the roots of that view, and the extent of the cultural patterns that were intertwined with it, which had an impact on the amplification of that view and making it a criterion for differentiation over all other nations in everything. Thus, the research in all its contents, calls for placing this view in its rational framework without being drawn into the illusions of the centralization of identities that establish the logic of separation and divergence between nations and civilizations.

This research will reveal the experience of the poets, and how to enrich their historical references of different colors, style and issues, which is what they aimed at in this study of the texts of the most prominent poets, and how to ideological their language with historical references, by dealing with ancient proverbs, in addition to phrases history, which enabled them to be a mare in this field The analytical method was the approach followed in analyzing and interpreting the selected texts, as it took an important place in literature topics, and its topics became attractive to a number of researchers who were influenced by it.