Kufa Journal of Arts

Lorimer was an important figure who should be studied in history because he contributed to the writing of an important historical and geographical statistical encyclopedia known as the Gazetteer of the Arabian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia. It is considered the important and basic source to which anyone who wants to research or write about the history and geography of Iraq, the Arabian Gulf region and central Arabia resorts. Lorimer had other writings that contributed to the codification of customary law, and the rules and vocabulary of the Pashto language in the Waziri district.

This study aims to highlight the role of governance in protecting the rights of investors in Iraqi companies by achieving the best levels of quality in financial information in terms of credibility, integrity, and acceptability and increasing understanding and interpretation in light of the needs of the investment environment and what the investor needs from various guarantees so that they achieve what he is trying to reach in his investment activity, and the legal protection provided by governance rules is one of the most important guarantees that encourage the new investor to carry out his investment activity because of the information it provides him on an ongoing basis, which helps him make his decision to invest based on a great deal of reassurance and confidence because these rules protect him on an ongoing basis from fraud and manipulation in the financial statements of companies.

Content, which is the most stable element in a story, is the building block of storytelling and a fertile source for researchers in their literary studies. This element is the link between the narrative elements, and the encounter and participation between the source and the audience is achieved through its progression throughout the literary work. Therefore, traditional writers believe that the ideal story is the one whose content has been polished. Formalists, like other writers, emphasize this matter, but what matters to them is how to express this element because they believe that different topics and contents such as love, death, loneliness, and the like, which have always been favorites of many poets and writers, are not welcome unless they are coupled with innovation and creativity. The writer must come up with different tricks and diverse methods in order to remove the old and familiar smell of these recurring topics and contents. In this regard, Arab female writers, like Arab male writers, have always tried to use artistic and linguistic methods, and they have treated these recurring contents in a new guise. However, studying and analyzing the ways of paying attention to this element in Ghada al-Samman's short stories is of great value, as she has transcended the horizons of wording and meaning with her broad imagination. The research attempted to study her short stories in this field and reached the possibility of considering Ghada al-Samman an unexpected event in contemporary Arab women's literature that combines the female perspective, artistic imagination, poetic language, and feminine emotion with masculine themes in many of her stories. She also activates and renews the content using designed aesthetic techniques that give the text its poetic quality and give it the ability to influence.

The discussion of direct speech acts has gained great importance for pragmatics researchers, both ancient and modern, due to the importance of this topic to the early pioneers of pragmatics, who researched direct speech acts as the first pivotal step in a group of subsequent attempts that established and discovered the science of pragmatics. It is considered the first of the studies to establish this science at the hands of Austin, and it developed and was completed at the hands of others who came after him. It gained what it gained of importance stemming from his differentiation between news and composition on a new basis that was not known, and his inference of additional meanings that are understood from the statement and their differentiation between the act of speech, the purpose of speech, and the effect of speech. Therefore, we found its study extensive and detailed among the fundamentalists who preceded Austin by centuries, such as Al-Baha’i, who we found studying it in detail, inferring from it many new views, in the studies of news, composition, command, prohibition, and the studies that branch off from them that have a bearing on the formation of direct acts.

The study aims to shed light on the reality of educational services in Al-Radhwiya district, and to analyze this reality by comparing it with the planning standards set by the Iraqi Ministry of Education to reach an evaluation of the efficiency of these services at the kindergarten level and the primary and secondary education level. This study came from the importance of education in the lives of peoples with the scarcity of studies that dealt with the district despite its increasing population growth. At the end of the research, the researchers reached a number of conclusions that are hoped to achieve the benefit of developing these services in the district in order to create an aware and educated generation of its children.

The research is based on studying the open space in one of the novels of the Iraqi writer Rasmiya Muhaibis from the city of Dhi Qar, southern Iraq, which is the novel (Return to Lagash), which was published in 2019. We began the research by recording the nature of the place in the modern critical perspective, from the West and the Arabs, then listing its importance in general, and in the perceptions of the novelist, and after that, putting our hand on the two sections of the open space in the novel, which was on a geographical basis: the open space in Iraq, and the open space in Iran.

Grammar means intent and direction, and it is following the Arabs’ approach in their speech. Grammar has two directions among grammarians: an analytical and constructive direction in which the inflection is an expressive means of the speaker’s intent to clarify the meaning, and an educational direction that is concerned with the endings of words. Grammar has a relationship of interconnection with language. Grammar is the rules of the syntactic system of the language and the syntactic rules of speech. Speech and general structure are called a system. The Holy Quran is a special code that has a special style and a special method. It is based on several methods, including: advancement, delay, deletion, turning away, and expansion. Quranic grammar has been studied and presented in more than one style according to the direction of the scholars. This is what was observed in the studies of researchers according to different references. The references from which Quranic grammar was launched are: First: a historical reference related to the tune, as it was a reason for establishing the rules to preserve the Arabic language. Second: an intellectual reference represented by the issue of the Quranic miracle, as the system and arrangement, each of which has a purpose and purpose, were among the reasons for the emergence of grammar. The Qur’anic, and the trends that studied grammar differed according to the references of their owners, so the trends are three: a trend that made the Holy Qur’an a witness alongside the speech of the Arabs, poetry and prose, a trend that made the Holy Qur’an a source for deriving the grammatical rule, and a third that linked the structure to the meaning, and the first of its advocates was Abdul Qaher Al-Jurjani in the theory of organization, and others followed him, including Dr. Fadhel Al-Samarra’i.

This research is a study of the impact of paganism as a threat to any belief, religion, or society when this society abandons the divine religion and its precise and strict adherence to innovation in religion in any form. These pagan influences that reached the point of changing the heavenly religions, as the Jewish faith was influenced by the prevailing pagan beliefs due to factors of migration, captivity, persecution, and other surrounding influences that planted in their souls beliefs that were foreign to their ideological environment, so they acquired its values ​​and principles, not caring about the punishment in the afterlife that always stood before their eyes, urging them with guidance and warning, so it controlled it throughout different ages.

This research attempts to extrapolate the vision of Dr. Hisham Djait through the book "Europe and Islam", and it became clear to us that it is an attempt to imagine the view of a non-European intellectual of Islamic origin towards Europe and himself. It was a view that was not obsessed with defending the self or rejecting the other, but rather a view that extrapolates the future of the relationship between them. Therefore, it became clear to us that the image of the other in this book was not separate from the situation of the society in which it was built, as it is a social production in which the demand for truth is combined with the condition of existence. Therefore, it was necessary for the outside world to help the Arabs emerge from their isolation and integrate them into humanity so that the Arab world would later be among the nations so that they could take steps in this direction towards openness, peace, democracy and human rights.

The Abbasid era is considered one of the most prosperous eras of the Arab Islamic era in all respects. Researchers and scholars have been confused in dividing this era due to the idea of ​​linking political history with literary history. Some scholars and researchers consider the Abbasid era to be the first to the fourth, extending until the fall of Baghdad in 656 AH at the hands of Hulagu, the Mongol leader. Poetry flourished greatly in the pre-Islamic era. The Arabs before Islam were interested in poetry and considered it a quality of perfection in the Arab. When Islam came, it opened new doors of poetry and closed doors, so poetry weakened, its purposes receded, and its words and meanings became soft. In the Umayyad era, many things changed in life, but the state was purely Arab, so it encouraged ancient poetry and did not allow non-Arabs to control and boast. Poetry in every era has an accurate image of the life of society. In the Abbasid era, civilization flourished greatly, and the era witnessed great events that were reflected in literature in its purposes, forms, and styles. The current research seeks to single out one of the features of this era, which is poetry attributed to the Mawali, which made this era an excellent poetic and literary style in terms of content and brilliant concepts emanating from the heart of the poet's feelings.

If we browse the poems of the Iranian poet Sohrab Sepehri and the Iraqi poet Adeeb Kamal al-Din, we find that the mysticism adopted by the two poets is linked to psychological factors in their minds and often comes in a surrealistic form within the literary, symbolic and scientific imagination. What concerns us in this comparative study is an attempt to sense the mystical side of the two poets; That is: that creative queen that derives its strength from the psychological states of the two poets. Adeeb Kamal al-Din has devoted the essence of his soul to loving letters and speculating about the meanings of their images, and this is done with precision. He has formed his poetic kingdom on the throne of letters, and has deposited in it meanings that embodied the space of the split self. Research on the role of mysticism has received wide attention as an effective element in criticism and analysis of literary texts, because the main goal of Islamic mysticism is to reach God - the Most High - and to perish in Him. We see in the poetry of Sohrab Sepehri and Adeeb Kamal al-Din their deep influence by the shared spiritual factors that inspire in their conscience a great revolution towards natural phenomena that were reflected in their visionary dimension filled with a Sufi charge. What distinguishes their poetry is that it is based on the element of spirituality and psychology, so it carries symbolic connotations and suggestions closely related to their psychology, orientations, and opinions without being influenced by each other.

The verses of the Holy Quran show a comprehensive picture of the hypocrites for the purpose of monitoring and knowing them by the sons of the Islamic community and Muslims throughout the ages so that they may be safe from their deceit and beware of their plots that they weave. The Holy Quran, which describes itself as a precious book and that it is ﭽ ﮓ ﮔ ﮕ ﮖ ﮗ ﮘ ﮙ ﮚ ﮛﮜ ﮝ ﮞ ﮟ ﮠ ﭼ (Fussilat/42), addresses, with an analytical approach, as well as explaining this dangerous social phenomenon, warning Muslims against falling into the trap of this dangerous disease. The verses of the Qur’an that express the characteristics of hypocrites indicate that hypocrisy is distributed over very large areas that include men and women, and that the Holy Qur’an, through its use of the present tense verb that indicates continuity, indicates that this phenomenon can be repeated in any era, including our present era. Contrary to historical sources that attempt to personalize hypocrisy and make it an individual case, we see the Holy Qur’an presenting hypocrisy as a social case that has dire political and social repercussions on the Islamic entity. In this article, we also try to clarify the characteristics of hypocrites by using Qur’anic verses that have an analytical approach to the souls of hypocrites and monitoring the movement of hypocrisy and hypocrites, supported by some historical examples and evidence and a comparison between the instances of internal and external hypocrisy in the early days of Islam and the hypocrites from these two spectrums in our current era.

Action research is one of the methods used in education and upbringing and differs from other methods used in educational research in terms of the goal, procedure, and generalization of results. Gadamer is considered one of the most important philosophers of the philosophical hermeneutics method who criticize the method. Gadamer believes that the method is not sufficient to reach the truth and tried to prove that there is a field of truths that cannot be reached by methodology, relying on the concept of phronesis or practical wisdom. Gadamer replaced the method with dialectics, as he tried to extend the concept of phronesis or practical wisdom of Aristotle to the field of interpretation and hermeneutics. The aim of this research is to analyze the path of Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics as a basis for action research. In this study, the researchers try, based on the description-analysis method, to show that what links phronesis and dialectics is the importance they give to work in its dialectical sense and not work in the sense of "employment."

Our study in this research focuses on investigating the most important indications related to the importance and status of women in Arab society before Islam through models of sculptures and archaeological scenes that represent the forms of women, whether they were women within important social classes, or in the form of female deities, through the most important clothing or clothes, or part of its known complements. In fact, we are trying to investigate the most important of these indications to know the extent of Arab society's view of women, whether through their political or social role or even their importance in terms of their relationship with men, and the reflection of these clothes on the value of civilized women, and to stand on the extent of society's interest in women in that period that focused on the religious aspect in understanding the nature of its thinking and interpreting its value structure, including its view of women.

For the phenomenon of money laundering, today, in addition to citing verses and narrations, another citation is the citation of some jurisprudential rules. Many of these rules, although they are extracted from a group of verses and narrations, but because of their agreement with the conduct of the wise and the praiseworthy opinions and the advisory or complementary aspect in the verses and narrations associated with them, have matured throughout the ages and branched out into different branches and became main rules, so the writer considered them in this article originally a jurisprudential guide in front of all other evidence. This article, which relied in its research on the descriptive analytical method, attempts to answer this question; How is the phenomenon of money laundering dealt with in jurisprudential rules? To answer this question, we must say: Some jurisprudential rules, such as denying harm and preserving interests and public benefits for society, consider all dimensions, stages and cases of money laundering an explicit crime, while in contrast, some of these rules consider it an implicit crime that includes its perpetrator or perpetrators with civil and criminal punishment. Therefore, all concerned officials should combat it and write appropriate laws to eradicate it.

The Holy Quran is the eternal and unique miracle of the Messenger of Allah. This book, which is the most complete of divine books, is filled with stories of past prophets and peoples. The story is an interesting phenomenon for conveying concepts from ancient times until now. It is an answer to one of the innate needs of man, and he tends to listen to stories more than other literary genres; as they greatly arouse human feelings and emotions. The Holy Quran uses stories as a means of guiding, educating, and directing man, as well as leading him to perfection and happiness. This article has sought to outline the special and unique features of the Quranic stories in a new style that has not yet been addressed. One of the special features of the Quranic stories that we hardly see in human stories is that the characters and events in the Quranic stories are real. The Holy Qur’an speaks to its addressees in a gentle, symbolic language that depicts the lives and fates of the past and ancestors, using literary arts including metaphor, simile, allegory, metonymy, and others. It shows the addressee in the heart of the events and is present with the characters in the stories, both difficult and easy, and understands the reasons for their misery and happiness and benefits from them in a good way.

We have done our best for those who want to contemplate the verses of challenge through Ibn Ashour's interpretation to find a clear and easy way, and he expresses himself in short and elegant phrases and shows us the most accurate and sublime in the verses of challenge in the Holy Quran, which came in the form of brevity, as his deductions were important deductions worthy of research, collection and study. Then the study came in the form of the ambiguous clarification in his interpretation and became a problem. He expresses himself in the form of a brief and concise form, and he talks about the methods of rhetoric, grammar and morphology and their application to the Quran. Important topics in the research of the verses of challenge, but we did not find any of the scholars to shed light on this research in the form of a special form, and he writes the words and sentences in the form of a precise and concise form, and whoever reads his interpretation needs to focus a lot. As for the importance of this topic, it is from the direction of the rhetorical miracle of the Quran and its distinction from the speech of humans, and from its distinction is that it invested all the potential of the language and exploded its maximum energy, so it came with styles of the utmost eloquence.

The aim of the research is to know the "effectiveness of the "Eppleton and Zahorik" models in the achievement of the curriculum and teaching methods and the ability to solve problems among students of the College of Education." The research community consisted of all third-year students/College of Education for Pure Sciences/University of Thi Qar (morning study) for the academic year 2018-2019, numbering (260) male and female students. The researcher chose (the research sample) randomly and amounted to (91) male and female students distributed into three groups. Before starting the experiment, the researcher conducted a number of equivalences in a number of variables statistically. He also identified the topics that would be studied in the experiment, and the researcher formulated (67) behavioral objectives. In order to verify the research objective, the researcher taught the research groups according to the prepared plans. The researcher prepared two tools: the achievement test and the problem-solving ability test after verifying the validity, reliability, and psychometric properties procedures. After applying the two research tools, the researcher used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program and the Excel program to analyze the data. The researcher reached several results, the most important of which are: the superiority of the students of the first experimental group that studied the curriculum and teaching methods according to the Appleton model over the students of the second experimental group that studied the same material according to the Zahorek model and the control group that studied the same material in the traditional way in the achievement test and the ability to solve problems.

The study of ideas and personalities is an important academic study that lifts the curtain and reveals many facts and secrets related to the personality at times and indicates the making of events and the transformation of opinions and beliefs at other times. Mikhail Naimy is considered one of the pioneers of diaspora literature who has a resounding reputation with his intellectual colleague Gibran Khalil Gibran in reviving the Arab literary heritage. Since he has many trips, visits to many people, and reads a lot of books, we find him playing an important role in spreading the seeds of the sublime idea and the inner return to nature and heralding the emergence of Eastern civilization emanating from the hearts of the divine. We have looked at many of his literary and philosophical works and products in order to learn about his intellectual resources, his protest tendencies, his servile aspects, his educational approaches, and his educational methods that help him settle in the hearts of his readers, his addressees, and his lovers. In this written field, we see a part of his belief about God and divinity in his basic principles. We enjoy the sweetness of his literature, the variety of his words, the high level of his vision of God, his beautiful interpretations of divinity, and the beauty of his servitude to God.

Islam has paid attention to the social life of man, and called for the values ​​of tolerance, brotherhood and reform among members of human society, and for human society with its various peoples and races to live on the basis of tolerance and peaceful coexistence, and has established special foundations, principles and methods for this coexistence, and identifying these foundations, principles and methods will achieve the goal of peaceful coexistence and facilitate it, and these foundations, principles and methods are investigated by looking at the Qur’anic verses and the pure biography of the Noble Prophet and his family, in the field of ethical dealings with others. We can begin our discussion by posing a pivotal question: Does Islam accept establishing relations with non-Muslims from foreign societies that have special intellectual foundations and principles, and social, cultural and political models that differ from what exists in Islam? This article is an attempt to demonstrate the authenticity of peaceful coexistence in the view of the Holy Qur’an and the Prophet’s biography, in the form of a (descriptive-analytical) investigation based on a method that benefits from the foundations, principles, methods and religious teachings that prove this. The hypothesis of the investigation is to clarify the status of peaceful coexistence among all people, and how it is supported by religious texts, Quranic and narrative recommendations, and that the only exception in it is the exclusion of enemies who fight Muslims, or oppressors who oppress others, by depriving them of their rights and interests, and restricting them in various aspects of their lives. What is expected from the article is that we will reach results that show that peaceful coexistence has an effective role in strengthening social relations and human ties, and bringing hearts together and spreading the values ​​of love, kindness and tolerance among members of human society, and that all of this is a source of interest, care and confirmation from the true Islamic religion.

Acts contrary to chastity are acts that Allah the Almighty has condemned and considered sins and crimes. The characteristics of these acts are their illegitimacy and their contradiction with purity and social health. Allah the Almighty is satisfied with mentioning three instances for which the prescribed punishments are imposed, which are adultery, sodomy, and slander. Then He mentions the reason for criminalizing them in general or in particular, and that in order to clarify them, He gives them the description of obscenity and indecency. The general foundations of criminalization that came in the Qur’an regarding these acts are preserving human dignity for people and the necessity of bringing benefit and repelling corruption (which are taken into consideration) in the pace of legislating rulings. Also, the contradiction of these acts with human nature and the necessity of preserving the family existence and preventing the cessation of offspring and staying away from extravagance are among the specialized foundations that cause the criminalization of these acts.

Burhan Al-Din Al-Aboushi is considered one of the most famous contemporary Palestinian poets who tried in various ways to urge the Palestinian and Arab society to resist and fight in order to liberate its occupied land. One of these methods is the method of sarcasm, which performs different functions. Sarcasm in Burhan Al-Din Al-Aboushi's poetry has two main functions: a political function and a social function. Through sarcasm, he tries to criticize the current Palestinian situation, the Arab nation and its politicians and urge them to move to liberate Palestine. Sometimes he mocks the Zionists and describes them as monsters such as wolves, dogs and pigs. This article attempts, through an analytical and descriptive method, to study the types of sarcasm in Burhan Al-Din Al-Aboushi's poetry by citing examples of his poems.

The topic of repentance of criminals has been of interest to Islamic scholars and jurists since then. The Holy Quran in various verses encourages people to repent, in some cases the Quran has issued an order to repent which according to the rules of the principles of jurisprudence, its urgency is urgent; there are countless verses for this purpose, and since the Quran is the seriousness of the document, without any ambiguity, it is considered the most important source of reasoning. The purpose of this study is to scientifically explain the discussion of repentance or correction of criminals in Quranic law and to present a conceptual model based on the teachings of the Holy Quran that has been used analytically to obtain the desired result. The analytical method in this study is based on jurisprudential and Quranic data. Accordingly, while providing a comprehensive definition of repentance, the impact and role of repentance on criminal (penal) rights will be examined, and the role of repentance in people's rights. Therefore, the last part of the study provides a detailed explanation of the role of repentance in criminal rights, including: the role of repentance in the preliminary stage and during the trial, the role of repentance in convicted crimes and deterrent penalties, and the role of repentance in criminal acts is blood money that ends. The current study dealt with each of the above-mentioned cases and their legal, jurisprudential and Quranic studies, and finally considered them according to the logic of the Quranic verses.

The novel was found as a literary genre with its own rules and advantages that differ from other narrative genres less than four centuries ago. Despite this, it has witnessed many revolutions in the levels and methods of narration and construction. The novel as a literary genre has been divided into types, the most important of which is the historical novel, which is a prose narrative based on historical events around which writings with an illusory cognitive dimension are woven. One of the most important types of novels is the historical novel, as the historical novel often tends to establish an educational function. It is a fabric of human life, emotions, and feelings within a historical framework. It unites with history in some materials and differs from it in other materials, as it is a literary genre dominated in most cases by imagination and emotion, which are two purely literary genres. Among the most prominent historical novelists of our time is Abdulaziz Al Mahmoud, who devoted his attention to the historical novel only, the most prominent and famous of which is the novel The Pirate, which we chose as the subject of our study and followed the descriptive and analytical approach. Through our study of this novel, we reached the conclusion that the Qatari novelist employed several elements such as time, place, characters and narration, which form the structure of the novel in general and the historical novel in particular. He worked as a novelist par excellence in conveying historical events mixed with the fictional element that connected to the days of the British colonizer in this part of the world, in an attempt to shed light on an unknown and important period in the history of the Arab world with a dramatic, imaginative formulation and an interesting literary style.