DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES

This researchexaminedfielddata of84 boreholes formten chosen sites in Salah Aldeen Governorate. The soils for these sites aregranular gypseous with gypsum content (Gyp. %) ranged from 8.37-51.14%.Based on Standard Penetration Test (SPT), the Nvalues for each chosen site were corrected for fieldprocedures and overburden pressure effects by exploiting NovoSPTprogram to get(N1)60or NCor.values, where these values used later by this program for allowable bearing capacity calculations. To study the properties and illustrating the behavior of these gypseous soils, the SPSSand the Curve Expert programs wereused to perform statistical analysis for the data of the chosen sites. For dry condition, it is concluded that (NCor.) values are increasing with (Gyp. %) after deactivating the effects of void ratio and average particles size. Also the allowable bearing capacity (qall) values are observed to be increased with (Gyp. %). Based on the stresses affecting the SPT sampler, the peck et al.,1974 Equation was proved to be the reliable formula among the others Equations for calculating (qall) from field Nvalues. Depending on calibration chamber )laboratory SPT) tests results and cavity expansion theory, it is dependable to use 0.5 exponent for CNcorrectionEquation of overburden pressure effect

Mostorganizations today use two levels of security: Data security level (encryption) and Network security level (firewall) etc. Therefore, encryption plays a vital role in securing daily operations of organizations.Securing data at first level aims to hide data characteristics. So, different algorithms and methods are being researched and developed to cover this gap for securing different data types especially text messages and make it very difficult for unauthorized parties to break it. From these, the major no. of algorithms are specialized to encrypt English texts, but no one for Arabic language texts although there were many attempts to invent such algorithms.As a result,this research proposeda new encryption method to encrypt Arabic text by using the principle of integration to provide better security and increasing the complexity of guessing the correct keys and correct plain text.At the end, the results show that the new cryptosystem is inevitable to cryptanalysis attack

This research studies the influence of water source on the compressive strength of high strength concrete. Fourtypes of water source were adopted in both mixing and curing process these are river, tap, well and drainage water (all from Iraq-Diyala governorate). Chemical analysis was carried out for all types of the used water including (pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), Turbidity, chloride, total suspended solid (TSS), and sulfates). Depending on the chemical analysis results, it was found that for all adopted sources the chemical compositions was within the ASTM C 1602/C 1602M-04 limits and can be satisfactorily used in concrete mixtures.Mixture of high strength concrete for compressive strength of (60 MPa) was designed and checked using water-to-cement ratioof 0.37, 400.5 kg cement with 10% replacement of SF (Silica Fume), 607 kg sand, 1147 kg gravel and 0.85 lit /100 kg of cement of SP (Supper Plasticizer).Five ages were adopted to measure the compressive strength these are (7,14,28,60,90 and 120) days.The results indicated that the strength of concrete at different ages was affected by the adopted water source especially on the period (28-90) days. There was a reduction on the compressive strength varies between (5.8-3) % and (3-1.5) % for both river and well water source which is belong to the effect of chlorides.

Encryptionhas agreat benefit,it provides privacy and security of all concepts of data transmitted across open networks. An urgent need for methods of strong encryption has becomeimportant with the rapid development of the computer, it detract from the strength of encryption; and because the increase computer speed means shortening the time that the computer needs to break or disclosure of specific encryption key.Encryption may be strong or weak, to measuretheencryptionstrength bythe time and resources required for the process of detecting non-encrypted texts of encrypted texts. As a result of testing proposed system it appear that this system is strong encryption cipher textbecauseit is hard to detect with the time or provide the necessary tools to detect the plain text.Due to the wide use of broken cipher methods inCryptography. There are many important information to be secure. It proposed a new approach of ciphering, by mixing a substitution followed by a transposition cipher methods to produce a new secure method difficult to break. This is a bridge from a classical to modern ciphers. The substitution cipher algorithm that is used in this paper is Hill cipher, and the transposition cipher algorithm that is used is Rail fence.The language that is used for this proposed algorithm is C++ with Object Oriented Programming.The proposed system is called RailHill

The solar energy in Iraq is available, but till nowalittle application for using it. The parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) technology, which considers being one of the low-cost and most operative technologies for solar power plant.The performance of a PTSCwith solar tracking system has been experimentally investigated under Kut city, Iraqiclimate conditions. The experimental work focused on changing the horizontal axis and mass flow rateof water. It has been started with 0o, 30o, 60oreceptively. The zero angle representsan east direction, thenrotate toward the south. The instantaneous efficiency was employed to evaluate the thermal performance of the PTSC. The equation had been solved using equation engineering solver (EES). The results showed that Kut city holds a good potential for such energygeneration technology with an average efficiency of 38.8% and instantaneous efficiency that can reach as high as 70%.This studyishighly encouraging the Iraq government to invest in the PTSCtechnology in Iraq to meet the increasing demand on electric power.The best efficiency is zero angle which represents the east direction. The efficiency, enhancedwith the mass flow ratetill certain value. The heat transfer coefficient for zero angle was significant compare with other angles. Theresult wasvalidated with fixed parabolic trough and a good agreement.The performance improvedwith increase the mass flow rate till 30 kg/hr afterthatno any effect of it.

The growing demand of energy in transportations especially in small cars field leads to increase the contribution of this vital sector of modern life in the greenhouse effect and environment problems. Any enhancement in the thermal efficiency of the car’s engines will reduce the amount of bad effects gases that released from gasoline engines exhausts. Rising Octane number and or enhance the combustion process result in increasing of engine output power. Naphthalene as mothballs, which is a commonly household used in exclusion of harmful insects, is probable additive to achieve that. The usage of Naphthalene needs to study its impacts on the performance of Otto cycle’s engines and their exhaust gases. Blends of Naphthalene as additive and gasoline as base material have been prepared and examined. The study based on experimental tests and laboratory assays including; Octane number calculations, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analysis (GCMS)and thermal performance tests and emissions analysis. Naphthalene had been approved as a good additive to rise the octane number and output power with some caveats. It should carefully control Naphthalene concentration to avoid the side effects of overdose and should not directly dissolved in the car fuel tank to prevent the formation of the deposits

The inherent characteristics of electrochemical machining (ECM)have large scale of advantages over the traditional machining technologies. ECM has been employed in this work to machining low carbon AISI1005 steel. Such technique is used to remove the electrical conductive material via a controlled electrochemical anodic reaction regardless of the metal mechanical properties. The considered experiments were conducted to study the effects of process parameters such as applied voltage, electrolyte flow rate, current density on all of weight loss, dissolution rate and material removal rate (MRR) in sodium chloride aqueous solution. The results stated that, the weight loss is in general increased with the voltage and the flow rate as its maximum value was 9.23 g and 5.35g respectively. Increasing the current density has ledto obtain maximum MRR and dissolution rate of 0.248g/min and 1.59mm/min respectively. The results showed thatthere was an enhancement in the MRR and the dissolution rate so as to be 66.8%and3.94%respectively

To securely transmit data in open networks, encryption must be used. In this paper, cryptography technique of images is presented with chaos and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Fractional order Lorenz system that provides an expanded in key space is used to encrypt image. All properties of randomness and nonlinearity which are owned bythis chaotic system are guarantee a highly secureand robustness for Encryption process. As well as DWT offers additional space and security by using wavelet domain to shuffled image pixels after passing in DWT filters and sampling. The combination between Lorenz systemand DWT have been taken to make the image more secure and thus make very hard to get backthe original image without having its correct keyand procedure which were used to encrypt. The results show a large sensitivity to a small change in the secret key or DWT family type. Therefore, high complicated image security is offered using this system

The experimental program in this investigation focused on studying the properties of concrete containing different percentages of Plastic Wastes Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic waste as a volumetric replacement to natural coarse aggregate. Different percentages (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) of PET shredded plastic waste from waste PET bottles as a volumetric replacement to natural coarse aggregate and 10% silica fume as a replacement by weight of cement content were used. The properties of these concrete mixes including, workability, dry density, compressive strength, total flexural energy, impact resistance, thermal conductivity at 28 days age and drying shrinkage at 90 days age were studies. The use of plastic waste aggregate in concrete presents various advantages; one of these advantages is that plastic aggregates result in producing lightweight concrete depending on the percentage of plastic waste used. The dry density of concrete containing higher percentage of PET plastic waste of 40% and 50% as a volumetric replacement to natural coarse aggregate, was 1910 and 1850 kg/m3respectively. Alsothermal insulating properties of concrete containing plastic waste aggregate were improved.

The study of slope stability is important in the design and construction of the earth dams under influence of earthquake and some surcharge loads. Some factors affect the slope stability for the earth dam such as change the water level in the reservoir or rapid drawdown of the water level. In the present study, limit equilibrium methods and finite element method havebeen used to calculate the factor of safety of earth dam. The main objective is studyingthe influence the soil strength parameters including cohesion, angle of internal friction and unitweight of soil on thevalues offactor of safety of the upstream slope for earth dam. The results show that the values offactor of safety increase when the values of soil strength parameters (cohesion, angle of internal friction)and water level increased, and the value of unit weight of the soil decrease, and the values of factor of safety, decreasing fast in rapid draw down of the water level. The main conclusion isthe stability of the earth dam increaseswhenthe soil strength parameters (cohesion, angle of internal friction) increase and unit weight of the soil decrease withincreasing the water levelin the reservoirand the earth dam may be exposed to the collapse in the case of the rapid drawdown of water level

Traffic accidents are considered one of the most important problems in modern societies. Arbil city in Iraq suffers from this problem; it is considered the second major cause of death. The main objectives of this study are to analyze and evaluate the causes of traffic accidents by using the statistical analysis technique, and self-observation study. In this study Traffic accident data, Geometric condition data ,and Traffic condition data, related to the Arbil streets network was collected, prepared and analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. High Accident Locations (HAL) on the street network were identified by using various techniques. Self-observation on all selected streets that had (HAL) was summarized. Different predictive statistical models were developed for the streets in Arbil urban area. The Accident prediction models can be used to predict the probability of an accident at a certain location based on different variables. The statistical analysis of the studyconcluded that some of the geometric and traffic conditions are much related to traffic accident.It was concluded from this study that the increasing number of segments in principle urban streets will increase the number of total accidents and the numberof property damages. Also, it was found that Pedestrian crossing areas ignored by pedestrians and the drivers do not give priority to pedestrians for crossing the street, due to lack of traffic awareness by drivers and pedestrians. The study recommends that Roads should be designed and constructed according to international standards. Also, it is recommended to improve traffic awareness of road users: drivers, pedestrians, and passengers through organized educational awareness programs

One of the depended concrete internationally is lightweight concrete , that is classified according to availability of raw materials and the purpose of structural use , this study specializedto replacing normal coarse aggregate by lightweight coarse aggregate from claystone (bonza) and thermostone in volumetric ratios (25, 50, 75, 100)% add preparationreference mix, forpurpose of identifying and studying the importantspecifications for the new concrete wereprepared modelsfrom cubes, cylinders andstandard prisms to evaluate the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength,modulus of rupture and static modulus of elasticity as well as the unit weight, absorption and thermal conductivity, where readings rate dependedfor all tests. results of the tests indicated that a drop in the mechanical properties of concrete with increase of lightweight coarse aggregate,mechanical properties values : compressive strength,rupture modulus, splitting tensile strengthwerebetween (15.5-40.2)MPa(3-4.85)MPa 5and (1.3-4.5) MPa compared with reference mixes (42.25 MPa), (5MPa) and (4.77MPa) respectively,also valueselasticity modulus, oven dry density, absorption and thermal conductivitywerebetween(27067-16630)MPa , (2122.96-1400.5)kg/m³ ,(4.58-11.8)%and (0.414-1.022(W/m.k compared with reference mixes (28152MPa), (2335.67kg/m³),(1.78%) and(1.33W/m.k)respectively.