Journal of Biotechnology Research Center

Abstract
hoots of Crataegus japan L. were propagated in vitro and cultured on half strength MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) mg/L. They were incubated at controlled conditions. Observations were recorded weekly for eight weeks. Results showed that the addition of IBA at 2 mg/L gave the highest percent of rooting reached 50% after six weeks from culturing. Addition of IBA to the medium increased the mean number of roots and the mean fresh and dry weight of the roots.

المستخلص
تم استخلاص الكاتشين (Catechin) من الشاي الاخضر Camellia sinensis بأستخدام طريقة الفصل بالتجزئة ، اذ تم الاستخلاص اولاً بالماء الحار ثم تجزئة المستخلص على مرحلتين الاولى خلطه مع الكلورفوم وبعدها تم الحصول عل الطبقة المائية ، ثم المرحلة الثانية خلطه مع خلات الاثيل للتخلص من المركبات الغير قطبية وقد تم الحصول على مادة بنية اللون غامقة تخلو من اللزوجة وهي مادة الكاتشين وقد تم تشخيصها والتاكد منها باستخدام الكواشف الكيمائية وكذلك تقنية الطبقة الرقيقة (TLC) وكانت مقدار الحركة النسبية للمركب 0.92 عند استخدام محلول الفصل حامض الخليك: كلورفورم (9:1) اما درجة الانصهار فقد بلغت 120م وقد تم تشخيص المركب باستخدام تقنية كروموتوغرافيا السائل الكفاية (HPLC) إذ ظهرت حزمة واحدة ، وكذلك بواسطة تقنية FTIR.

Abstract
wenty one Isolates of Pasteurella multocida were obtained from different clinical specimens of human and farm animals' infections. Human specimens included wounds swabs taken after cats and dog's bits beside the urine and sputum samples. The animal samples were nasal swabs and blood samples taken from chattels, also the poultry tissues of infected chicken with fowl cholera were collected. Bacterial isolates were isolated using Pasteurella multocida selective agar (PMSA) then identified doing different morphological, biochemical tests followed by api 20E diagnosis. The ability of the bacterial isolates to produce different virulence factors were studied, 18 isolates 85.7% were able to produce Lipase enzyme. Results of pathogenicity study on Lab. animals (mice) showed that there were 9 highly virulent isolates among the 21 (42.8%). The killing time was in between (10-24) hrs after injected the mice’s intraperitoneally. Some of the isolates showed their ability to produce the dermonecrotic toxin and the positive result appeared as highly purulent, dermonecrotic lesions after injection Genia pig intradermally. Results of antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that there were considerable variations in isolates susceptibility. Some of the isolates were highly resisted most of the used antibiotics while others were not. The crude bacterial extract from PMA20 isolate was tested to determine its ability to stimulate human lymphocytes division in vitro, results showed that the extract was able to stimulate cells division when the mitotic index was 1.2% as compared with the positive control.

Abstract
he inhibition activity for the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffah being studied by the wells method on some microorganisms such as Staphelococcus aureous, Streptococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcesens, Proteus vulgaris, Enterococcus fecalus, Klebsiella sp, Candida albicans, Asparaglas niger. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, The results also revealed that, the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffah had inhibition effects for all microorganism, the cold aqueous showed the higher inhibition than the hot and alcoholic extracts of the plant on Serratia marcesens, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus fecalus at concentration (25,50,75,100)%, The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined for the plant extract. The results showed that the (MIC) value of all plant extract were (10, 2.5) % on Serratia marcesens, Escherichia coli respectively, were the value of (MBC) was (1.25, 5) % for the same bacteria

Abstract
Study was conducted the effect of saline water irrigation with different levels of NaCl (6, 12, 18) Decisemins/M in addition with the control treatment. The saline water magnetized through a proper magnetic field with (1000, 1250, 1500, 2000) gaus in addition control treatment. Seed germination, seedling emergence and seedling growth of Alletiffia wheat cultivar were investigated. The result indicated significant increasing in most character studies such as, seed germination, seedling emergence, shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot, root, and leaf area. On the other hand, all character studies were significantly decreased when used saline irrigation water. The result also showed significant interaction between the magnetized water and saline water which used in irrigation pots in most characters studies.

Abstract
he study was conducted to track the inhibitory activity of methanolic, flavinoid and alkaloid extracts of Viola odorata with concentrations (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3) mg/ml on some bacterial species represented by S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E.coli and Klesiella sp, by using disk-diffusion method and estimated inhibitory activity of extracts on bacteria by measuring the Diametric of zone inhibition. The results showed a difference in the effect of each extract for the types of bacteria, the alkaloid gave a strong inhibitory ability against all types of bacteria compared with the methanolic extract and flavinoid respectively; this activity was enhanced with the increasing of extracts concentrations and the (3) mg/ml concentration gave highest activity, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most effective one, where the diameter of zone inhibition (25) mm at this concentration while E.coli was the least testing bacteria effective by the concentration and the diameter of zone inhibition was (10) mm. Methanolic extract showed antimicrobial highest activity on S. aureus, the diameter of zone inhibition was (21) mm with no antimicrobial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klesiella sp, while the flavinoid showed highest activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the diameter of zone inhibition was (13) mm with no antimicrobial activity against Klesiella sp. and E.coli.

Abstract
otal of 507 samples (clinical, environmental, food) were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad, water, soil, and different food stuffs. Biochemical and morphological characterization tests showed that seventeen isolates were identified as Aeromonas spp.These were farther characterized as Aeromonas hydrophila 10 isolates, Aeromonas sobria 2 isolates, Aeromonas eucrenophila 3 isolates, one isolate belongs to Aeromonas caviae and another one belongs to Aeromonas schubertii. Antibiotic susceptibility tests of all the isolates towards fifteen antibiotics agents were carried out and results showed that all isolates 100% were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, ampiclox, 99% were resistant to lincomycin, 76.7% to cephalothin, 52.9% to cefotaxime. All isolates except one isolate of Aeromonas eucrenophila were sensitive to meropenem.

Abstract
his experiments was conducted in plastic house of ahached guiding center/Karbala during the growing season of 2008-2009. Soil texture was sandy loam. The purpose was to study the effect of magnetic well water of different gausses (1000, 1250, 1750) G on the cultivars grown and yield components of two tomato Varieties (Shrouq and Locas). The RCBD with three replications was used. Results showed that the irrigated with magnetized water with 1750G was superior in number of fruit/ plant, fruit weigh, fruit diameter, number of shoots, Plant height, leaves area, leaves length, these characters were significantly increased for both cultivars. On the other hand there was significant impact of the treatment on the yield.

Abstract
ot experiment was carried out during the spring season in the year 2008 to investigate the effect of the time factor, spray feeding of copper and Iron on the relation between the number of nodules and leaves of Beans. The statistical analysis showed that spray feeding of copper and Iron exceed significantly on the control treatment (water spray feeding), also, the spray feeding of Iron after 20 days of seeding excelled significantly on the spray feeding of Iron after 30 days of seeding, as well as the Spanish type of seed surpassed significantly on the Brazilian kind of seed in the number of root nodules and leaves of bean. On the other hand the studied characteristics appeared positive significant correlation coefficient (r=0.899). The interaction (overlap) treatment Cu1×S2×Fe1 recorded the highest values in both root nodules and leaves of bean by 9.00 nodule/ plant and 59.33 leaves/ plant, respectively.

Abstract
robiotics are live microorganisms that administered through the digestive tract, have a positive impact on the hosts health. In this study research has shown that extraction method (encapsulation in alginate systems) can be used as an effective method for preparation of immobilized Lactobacillus acidophilus. All formulas were studied, from characterization, encapsulation yield, particle size measurement and mechanical stability of microcapsules in simulated gastric conditions which resulted that alginate – starch microcapsules gave the best results. based on this finding that starch – alginate can be used to protect living microbes, alginate starch microcapsules has been further studied for: efficacy of cell release, thermal stability ( refrigeration and shelf life ) which achieved good results. Finally the selected formula was added to standard anti- Helicobacter pylori therapy (triple therapy) in a parallel clinical study (42 patients) which showed that the addition of Lactobacillus acidophilus has a significant effect in increasing the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori.

Abstract
he Xylanase producing strain Aspergillus niger was isolated from soil on potato dextrose agar in the presence of xylan as its first substrate for primary isolation, and then grown under liquid medium fermentation in the presence of crude xylan (rice husk) to produce D-Xylanase. the optimum conditions were determined as follows: the Optimum pH for xylanase production was found pH 5.0, xylanase was induced by xylan (rice husk) 0.1% and the production was (61.221 U/ml) and nitrogen source Yeast extract recorded highest enzyme production( 89.71 U/ml), and repressed by carbon source xylose the highest enzyme production (88.69 U/ml). The optimum temperature was 40°с for xylanase production was (35.15 U/ml), the optimum period after 7 days of incubation was (52.33 U/ml) ,the optimum substrate concentration 0.1% was (45.95 U/ml), and the optimum inoculum size was 1 x 106 (spore /ml) recorded (57.19 U/ml ).

Abstract
n this study, the comparison of the antibiogram and molecular level among different serotype of clinical and environmental isolates of V. cholerae was done. Antibiogram of five clinical and three environmental isolates showed high susceptibility to all tested antibiotics, but non-O1 serotype had Ampicilin resistant. Plasmid profile screening revealed that V. cholerae O1 isolates and non-O1 Dial131 had no small size plasmid while non-O1 ab, 1J, 1R harbored three different small size plasmids with different appearance profile, two mega plasmids detected in the O1 isolate and only one mega plasmid resolute in non-O1 clinical and environmental isolates.

Abstract
ype-1-diabetes (T1D) is known to be caused by progressive destruction of pancreatic B-cells, genetic factors are believed to play a major role in the disease development, however, environmental factors are also implicated in the pathogenesis, viruses are one of these factors, as well as triggering beta-cells specific autoimmunity, viruses may cause diabetes by directly infecting and destroying beta-cells, 14 different viruses have been reported to be associated with the development of T1D. In this work, the relationship between (T1D) and seropositivity to three viruses (CMV, EBV and HCV) have been studied, the sera of 54 T1D patients and controls under the age of 30 from both sexes have been investigate for the presence of IgG antibodies against CMV, EBV and total anti-HCV antibodies (Abs). Results revealed that 94.4% of the T1D patients were infected with CMV, 61.1% were infected with EBV and 35.1% were infected with HCV. While among the control group it was found that 77% were infected with CMV comparing to 92.5% and 3.7% were infected with EBV and HCV, respectively. Out of the 54 diabetics 8 (14.8%) found to be infected with the three viruses while none of the controls found to have such seropositivity. From those results it may be concluded that neither the CMV nor the EBV has a relation with T1D while the infection with HCV may be contributed to T1D since there is a significant difference (p<0.001) between the number of T1D patients and number of controls who have anti-HCV Abs.

Abstract
ifferent nutritional and cultural factors were studied to determine the optimum conditions for prodigiosin production by Serratia marcescens S11 in a batch culture of brain-heart infusion broth medium. These factors include carbon source and its concentration, nitrogen source and its concentration, phosphate source, temperature and pH. Results showed that the optimum conditions for prodigiosin production were achieved when the production medium was supplemented with olive oil and casein hydrolysate as a carbon and nitrogen sources respectively in a concentration of 1.5% for broth, KH2PO4 as a phosphate source at initial medium pH8, and incubation at 28°C for 24 hours. Under these optimal conditions, prodigiosin activity produced by Serratia marcescens S11 in culture medium was increased from 200 U/cell before optimization to 3000 U/cell.

Abstract
he specific growth rate is a key control parameter in the industrial production of any microorganism. In this study we investigated an effect of the direct impact constant magnetic field in aerobic batch system of microorganism kinetic growth. Agro type was used in this study, with motor oil as a substrate compound in mineral salts solution. Analysis regarded the impact of constant magnetic field for the Agro growth in specific growth rate in batch system. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory scale with use of technological system comprised of magnetic activator of culture. By experiment, Cultures of Agro were grown in a magnetic field (330 Gauss) for 12 hr; where an obvious increasing in quantity of viable count of cells was achieved against time with impact constant magnetic field. This value was found equal to 14250 cfu with degradation in substrate from 0.439 to 0.338 ml/150ml during 7 hours; on the other hand control media was found 7125 cfu with degradation in substrate form 0.439 to 0.428 ml/150ml during 7 hours. Monod equation was applied to determine the Monod's constant value (Ks) for exposure experiments and was found equal to 0.388 ml/150ml at maximum specific growth rate constant 0.142 h-1. The doubling time of growth for agro Strain was determined and was found equal 4.6 hours.

Abstract
erivatives spectrophotometric techniques were developed for the determination of Amoxicillin Trihydrate (Amox) with Potassium Clavulanate (PC) antibiotic binary mixtures. The simultaneous determination of these compounds was accomplished by derivative (1D, 2D and 3D) spectrophotometric technique and applying zero-crossing technique used for determination of (Amox) and (PC) in tablets. The second order derivative absorption spectra at valley λ=299 nm were used for (Amox) and also the second order derivative spectra at peak λ=239.5 nm were used for (PC). No interferences were found between both determined constituents and those of matrix. A good accuracy and precision of simultaneous determination of (Amox) and (PC) were confirmed by statistical analysis. The recovery of individual constituents under established conditions is very high and ranges for synthetic standards mixture and tablets from 100.11, 99.33 and 96.98, 96.84 respectively. Linearity is maintained within a wide concentration range from 2.0 to 90.0 μg.mL-1 and from 10.0 to 90.0 μg.mL-1 for (Amox) and (PC) and linearity percentage 99.98 and 99.99 respectively. The detection limit is 0.211 μg.mL-1 for (Amox) and 0.259 μg.mL-1 for (PC). The corresponding quantitation limits are 0.704 μg.mL-1 (Amox) and 0.864 μg.mL-1 for (PC).