TASLEEM JOURNAL

Abstract
This study aims to reveal the types of methods used in the Mecca Quranic discourse by focusing on the conditions of the Day of Resurrection and its horrors, with an explanation of the technical tools for each method .In addition to the impact of all these methods on the addressee , the study employs the descriptive analytical approach, a method commensurate with the nature of its subject to reached important results . There are three types of Quranic methods in the Mecca Quranic discourse ; namely the technique of artistic photography, dependent on similes, metaphors, and rhetorical style , whose technical tools are repetition, appearing in the place of inclusion, private and intended speech ,the general reference after the private and sarcastic speech, the insulting speech, and the contradictory method, a unique Quranic method based on clarifying what various fates on that day await believers and infidels . Although some polytheists moved away from the beliefs of faith in general and believe in the Last Day in particular, the impact of these methods appear on them to the extent that some of them began to aspire to enjoy the good benefits of the believers on that day, despite their denial of the existence of that last day. Also, some polytheists began to discuss how to defeat some of the horrors that will confront them on that day, such as their talk was about how to overcome the fire keepers , though they were in stubbornness, arrogance and denial of the last day.

The character of the prophet, may the prayers and peace of Allah be upon him and his family, is considered as the greatest character poets employ in their poems . As there is a great niche of him in the hearts of Muslims and the Islamic nation, as many poets celebrate his features , praise him in most wonderful and most beautiful poems , and highlight his good qualities ,virtues and his effective role in spreading the Islamic call. They are Hassan bin Thabit, Zuhair bin Abi Salma, Al-Boisari , Ahmed Shawqi, Abdul Majeed Farghali and others.
The poet Abd al-Majid Farghali paid great attention to this religious character, and made it an essential focus in creating the structure of his poem “Echoes from the inspiration of migration , Muhammad is the prophet of Allah and those with him,” as a symbol of Islam, courage, heroism, truth, goodness, and the Islamic nation. As a Messenger from Allah to be the Seal of the Prophets and a great leader, he was credited with eliminating polytheism and spreading the Islamic call to all parts of the world to establish the Islamic nation pillars and to shake and destroy the pagan belief. The personality of the Messenger, may the prayers and peace of Allah be upon him and his family, is one of the most prominent genuine personalities a poet resorts to offering a contemporary vision in a unique artistic way and portrays it with a set of dimensions from his contemporary experience . The means of expression and revelation are tackled to stir the conscience of the recipient and draw his attention to the most important stage of the honorable Prophetic chronicle.
Consequently , in this study, it is to investigate the semantic and symbolic structures attached to the theme of his personality , to identify the method of forming its artistic structure and to analyze its features and aesthetic images .

The theory of lingual persuasion established by O.Ducort is based on that the persuasive function is located in the language itself . Yet conjunctions , factors and levels are but a means for the speaker to direct the listener to a persuasive direction aiming to convince the one who argues with an idea or bring him to his side and influence him.
Short phrases of Imam Ali (pbuh) contain many lingual aspects ; conjunctions , factors and levels to represent a way to achieve the aims of Imam Ali and his persuasive intentions. They are to work on thought to stir or reduce potentialities and take the listener to the final aim. Due to the importance of these means, the research tries to reveal their role in convincing the listener with religious, moral or erudite thoughts.
The researcher finds that conjunctions , factors and levels perform a persuasive function in directing the listener to the final result and stirring his thought and reducing persuasive potentials.

The study is to clarify the dual and spiritual dualities in the chronicle of Lady Fatima ,peace be upon her, as represented in "Fatima al-Zahra , A Tendon in a Sheath" by Suleiman Katani, to trace its semantic, aesthetic and suggestive characteristics and to clarify the visions of the author. The beauty of the contrast lies in combining two opposites in one structure, which contributes to deepening the overall intellectual structure of the text.
These dualities take several manifestations; philosophical, existential, psychological, spiritual, and religious to illuminate the secrets of moral contradiction with its artistic aesthetic elements on one the hand and the profound themes portraying the chaste lady on the other hand.
The importance of observing these moral dualities lies in discerning the antagonistic relationship between the two sides of each dichotomy, and revealing its connotations that lurk behind the structural formation. from here, it can be said: the semantics is inherent in the words, the statement of their observation does not depend only on the suggestive meanings they bear, but also on the lessons they carry of observing human existence and its contradictions. Accordingly, this study came as an attempt to interrogate Kattani's texts replete with hidden revelations and an antagonistic semantic dimension that radiates visions and thought. Thus it is to apply the descriptive-analytical approach to combine the observation of dualities, the statement of their aesthetics and its significance.
The study introduces author Suleiman Kittani in two chapters with a conclusion; The first one discusses the philosophical duality , life-and-death, while the second does psychological dualities focusing on two aspects dignity-humility and security-fear.

The aesthetic formula is not the result of a vision independent of reality. It is pertinent to living life in all its human، moral and behavioral dimensions and the manifestations of benevolence. It is an equivalent of heart or mind in nature based on the Prophet. It is not a visual or material formula that does not serve one's religion and religion.
That's why، in this study، it is present the aesthetic formulae at the benevolent front of the peace to deepen it through his famous sermon of morality. In order to clarify the dialectical relationship between the aesthetic and moral meanings that together constitute the basic essence of the Islamic religion. The formula is firmly established and present in the Glorious Quran first، in the words of the Prophet. The sermon of Imam Al-Hassan is the best sign of having the aesthetic meanings associated with morality، in it aims to meet the cognitive and spiritual needs of man to attain the highest standards of happiness Muslims seek everywhere and every time.

In this article , the researcher tried to clarify the signs and their symbols inherent in the structures of the Husseini discourse and its words employed in his sermons in front of the camp of the people of Levant and Kufa on the day of Ashura in line with the modern linguistic approaches; the semiotic approach. Therefore, the researcher employed the means adopted by semiotics in deciphering the codes and symbols of the text .The semiotic analysis was limited to the signs of the two linguistic sermons and to reach their hidden purposes buried between the texts and their structures without other non-linguistic signs. This is in conformity with the verbal linguistic text of the two sermons found in the books of the Arab heritage , That is, the researcher did not address the imam's appearance , his military uniform and its semiotic signs because the two sermons are devoid of reference to such a matter.

Al-Sahifa Al-Sajjadiya was distinguished by its flowing eloquence with multiple meanings and its deep content and reveals great implications and facts. There is a deep human and intellectual dimension due to the strength of arguments and sobriety in composition, arrangement and rhetoric, as the vocabulary of this document was characterized by its beautiful rhetorical images of , simile , metaphor , euphemism , symbolism , hyperbole and extended metaphor.
The study manifests a rhetorical discourse through its multiple forms within the framework of perception, communication, influence on the recipient and its consistency with the context, Since the text grows elevated in cuddling the aesthetic aspects .

The importance of a committed poetic discourse becomes clear when a poet with a good biography adopts such an issue to defend and a principle to adhere to. As is the case with a poet like the Umayyad poet Al-Kumait bin Zaid Al-Asadi (d. 126) who took hold of the cause of defending the Ahalalbayt , peace be upon them, in his poetry . As a poet , he praises them and highlights their oppression, and thus received the patronage of Imam Al-Baqir , peace be upon him, to the extent the imam said to him : “ Oh Allah , have mercy on Al-Kumait and forgive him” . Such attention and carte stem from several factors qualifying Al-Kumait be in the orbit of care : good chronicle of the poet , canonical poetry and his steadfast stance .

The sayings of the imams, peace be upon them, are a rich source that radiates authenticity and faith. They are truly a source of pride for Arabs and Muslims. Therefore, they have received many methodological, multi-directional studies starting from the linguistic and rhetorical direction , that focus attention on the vocabulary of the discourse, its sentences, and its grammatical structures, to the contemporary studies , Modern critical approaches such as stylistics, structuralism, symbolism, deconstruction, semiotics.

Without exaggerating if it is said that most studies of different directions neglect the discourse of the imam embedded with great moral, spiritual meanings and its sublime dimensions that express the depth of knowledge and the wide horizon of the vision of their creator. As such the idea of the current study comes to the fore to tackle the sayings of one of the great imams, the pioneer of planting the meanings of goodness and love in the hearts of Muslims.
The discourse of Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, and the strength of his eloquence depend on love and goodness, and they are not an individual need that a person seeks to achieve by satisfying his own requirements, but rather they are two social needs that can only be achieved within the framework of society. The desired goal of this research is to correct the course of Arabic culture today, as it is necessary for intellectuals to draw inspiration from the sayings of all the imams, peace be upon them, to correct reality, mitigate its stumbles and reduce its mistakes.

The current study aspires to reveal the dimensions of the adventure of writing in Al-Wamda, flash poetry, and the adventure of poetic writing within the direction of experimentation based on the process of monitoring the formations of displacement in the poetry of the poet Mushtaq Abbas Maan . As he worked on the employment of various printing and writing techniques that contributed to producing another poetic connotation. Thus it is to abandon the traditional form to adopt certain acts of formation, drawings, and modern methods that the poet manipulates to define the meaning of the text and determine its path. Many connotations are created with visual forms, so it is observe his composition as a means and a vent to the other, to represent the interior , beyond the new visual and written forms that seek to penetrate the interlocutor .What distinguishes this formation for the poet is that every poem cleaves itself to a formation . Several types of composition are not limited to a formation . So formation is a portrait with deviational styles syndicating together to form a complete text . Therefore the study , here, never sets step in attributing concepts to texts and approaches the core of the text to trace the manifestations of deviation and their role in producing meanings and achieving a kind of signification.

This research deals with the subject of the mountain in the modern Arabic novel . It is a distinct narrative space and a realistic, imaginary, or symbolic framework that is active in its structure and connotations. As a unique narrative universe grows with specific components that can rise to this type of novel to acquire the character of the sub-genre that is labeled "the mountain novel". The present study discusses these aspects in "Al-Jazia and the Dervishes" by the Algerian writer Abdel Hamid bin Haddouqa. Within the theme of the mountain, artistic features and semantic dimensions are formed and contribute to the construction of a distinctive poetry of the novel of the Mountain. On the axis of the mountain, social, economic and cultural issues are raised, and a number of symbolic connotations are formed from its world. The mountain in this novel is a basic space around which an image of the world is organized, which forms an integrated and organized ideological system for the world in a vertical direction and is based on the “up-down” axis. Many dichotomies with ethical, social and cultural connotations are branched from it and based on a normative and differential correspondence between the top and the bottom. So that most values and positive connotations are attributed to the top, and most negative values and connotations to the bottom. It stems from the top-down duality of other encounters, such as the encounter between the mountain and the plain or between the mountain and the abyss. The contrast between the mountainous village and the plain or modern village is based on many dichotomies, such as the old/new and existing/desired and closed/openness and feudalism/industrial and pastoral/socialist and traditional/modern and regression /progress...etc. Such is to strike a historical context to be a symbolic expression of the Algerian novelist’s adoption of the modernization . Since there is a dream of abandoning the underdevelopment to build a state of independence and modern society in the face of myth and the ossified traditional mentality.

Writing about feminist literature is fraught with dangers, because of the scientific, research and conceptual problems surrounding it that still preoccupy researchers with the lack of accessibility to unchanging certainties. This research attempts to study feminist narratives to reveal their characteristics through three sections. The first is devoted to tracing the concept of feminist narrative and the limiting methodological problems. The second deals with the term “feminism” and its related problems despite its prevalence and spread. Many researchers ponder over it and it becomes so difficult to identify it in a specific concept . The third does with “ subjectification” and its entity in narration . Then there is a mention to its manifestations in the feminist narrative via through narrative examples from Libya.

This research tackles certain manifestations of linguistic anomaly in classical Arabic, which means the words judged as deviational from the point of view of use or the tracking of those words in the Arabic language to know their convenience . The research proves that deviation does not mean the contrary to the origin, but may come as required by the original, as in the case of the original: the use is certified by a provision, many words were said to be abnormal in measurement, and others went on to be measured steadily. Some words were said to be abnormal in use, and the use refutes that statement. Some of the words that were judged to be deviational may come in tribal languages, or were formulas that were favoured by the Arabs, which prevented them from what was required to be measured or heard. The Arabs may leave some formulas dispensed with others, such as abandoning the past of let , seed and leave .

This research presents a critical reading of Abd al-Qaher al-Jurjani's vision of Arabic grammar. The focal point of Jurjani's vision of Arabic grammar is the semantic meaning of reading a text. To achieve this goal, the research broaches a comparison between two grammatical trends. The former is based on the traditional view of using the grammatical rules in order to achieve linguistic correctness and to clarify the meaning. The latter is an unconventional trend dependent on logic to reach the depth of semantic meaning and identification of the syntactic function of words, which is the direction of Al-Jurjani in grammar.

The Research deals with verification and study of two grammatical manuscripts, written by the Hadhrami author , Omar Bin Mohammad Bin Abdullah Bin Yahia Alalawi, who died in (Mecca) in (Dhul-Hijjah - 1310 AH = June - 1893 AD).
By studying the text, it is found that it is to consider the educational texts, developed by the author; To teach young generation the principles of Arabic Grammar.
What distinguishes the material of this text is that its author follows pioneering curricula, which were not known in the educational curricula, composed in Arabic grammar, before the beginning of the twentieth century and beyond, the most prominent of which are:
1- Re-drafting the grammatical boundaries, in a clear and easy formulation that suits the ages of the youngsters and their intellectual levels.
2- Re-arranging a number of grammatical chapters, in a manner different from what was used by his predecessors of authors of grammatical abbreviations.
3- Removing a number of grammatical chapters and its sections , as required by its short teaching text.
4- Merging a number of grammatical chapters and its sections among others, for the sake of economy .
5- Highlighting his scientific personality in his book, in a number of places.
Perhaps what was previously mentioned makes this educational text be ranked first among the modern educational curricula.