Journal of Techniques

The Journal of Techniques is an open access journal interdisciplinary peer-reviewed journal that calls for research work in different
technical fields of imposing sciences. The journal deals with the state-of-the-art research in engineering, and requests both theoretical
and/or practical works that can tackle the limitations and challenges of the latest developments in different fields of engineering
techniques. Therefore, the journal aims to publish original and high-quality research papers in techniques of the engineering fields. The
articles must be original writing that improves the current form of knowledge in the specified subject area. Applied articles are adequate if
they are valuable to the engineering society on how to present technology or methodology that is novel. Survey, research reports, express
communications, and review articles are acceptable if they present useful efforts. The journal seeks experimental and practical work that
can overcome the limitations and drawbacks of gaps in the latest research in different fields of engineering. Moreover, the journal will
publish work regarding simulation results and practical case studies. The topics considered include, but are not restricted to, electrical and
electronic engineering, communications engineering, computer engineering, control and automation engineering, laser and optics
engineering, medical engineering, biomedical engineering, mechatronics, mechanical engineering, material engineering, nanotechnology,
thermal engineering, energy and renewable energy, chemical engineering , petroleum engineering, civil and structural engineering,
surveying and geomatics engineering, water-resources engineering, environmental engineering, safety, risk management and quality,
architecture, and technical education.

The last couple of decades have witnessed ground breaking advances in health and medical technology which has resulted in the
improvement of disease diagnosis, monitoring of treatment and sustaining health. Health technology research could be in the form of
procedures, vaccines, devices and systems as outlined by the world health organization in its Health technology assessment report.
Scientists in the field of medical and health technology are continuously inventing new devices, improving existing procedures and
developing new techniques in the hope of improving medical practice and health monitoring. Some of the latest research and
innovations in health and medical techniques have made an impressive difference, saved and improved the quality of countless lives
worldwide. Collaborative work from scientists all around the world is necessary to tackle current health problems faced by the
growing world population. The journal of techniques hopes to attract a global audience by its commitment to publishing the latest
innovations and techniques related to medical and health topics

The Journal of Techniques is committed to publishing original practical and empirical scholarly research articles, which have high
impact on the management field and its application as a whole. In addition, this Journal encourages new ideas or new perspectives on
existing research that represents the entire spectrum of research on management and its application, ranging from analytical models to
descriptive articles and case studies. The topics considered include, but are not limited to, the following fields:
Business management research which is a comprehensive science and an integrated system. It is a vital central for any organization. As
it includes a set of integrated knowledge and scientific expertise that seeks to accomplish the objectives of any organizations, as well as,
to develop and improve the quality of their performance and its outcomes. In this scope, the majority of studies and research are
concerned with addressing the actual issues of industrial and service organizations.
Currently, with

Companies are required to integrate a set of critical dimensions to measure and evaluate their performance to
compete in globally competitive markets. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and Overall Resource
Effectiveness (ORE) are two quantitative metrics attempt to measure and improve the effectiveness of
manufacturing operations. This study aims to use the concept of OEE and ORE to evaluate and monitor the
performance of a concrete block manufacturing system at Dler Company in Iraq. The study was conducted in
two years of operation during 2016 and 2017. Results from 2016 show that the level of effectiveness was lower
than the world-class. An improvement in the average value of the OEE for 2017 was recorded, where the OEE
value is increased in 2017 to 75% in comparison with its value in 2016 which was 67%. While the ORE value
is increased in 2017 to 66% in comparison with its value in 2016 at 59%. It was also found that the reasons for
this improvement are due to the enhancement that is made in the availability and quality

This paper presented the design, simulation, and implantation of a DC-DC step-up Flyback converter that
regulates the output voltage to give the desired value 200 V 100 W and can be used in many applications such
as power supply. To give a regulated output voltage from the Flyback converter, a feedback loop with
Proportional-integral (PI) controller is used. A simulation of the Flyback converter was employed by
MATLAB/Simulink under variation in the input voltage and load. Also, the practical implementation used
Arduino Uno microcontroller to control the duty cycle through IR2110 driver at the change in the input voltage
or resistive load. It gives better flexibility and a good response to the control system. The duty controller
creates regulate output voltage by using voltage mode control (VMC).

A wireless capsule endoscopy is a medical device used to examine the digestive system. The big challenge in
the development of the capsule is how to get high data rate and also to reduce the size of the capsule. The
micro strip antenna has been used which has several advantages such as small size, light weight, low cost. In
this paper, Ultra-wideband mini polygonal slotted patch antenna has been designed which has a dimension of
10 x 10 mm2 and bandwidth of 6 GHz (5.5 – 11.5 GHz). The simulation results for return loss (S11) have -26.32
at 6.6 GHz and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) at 1.09. The simulated radiation patterns are Omni
directional radiations over the Ultra-wideband bandwidth.

The outcome of the present work is to propose a high accuracy two-diode , photovoltaic (PV) panel model. This
model is analyzed based on mathematical equations that describe the analogous of the two-diode PV panel circuit.
This circuit includes the source of photocurrent, two diodes, a parallel resistor, and a resistor in series. Since, the
Proteus software provides in its library many electronic models and microcontrollers, the associated model is
modeled and simulated by this software instead of Matlab/ Simulink. Moreover, the proposed model is tested by
this more accurate and nearest software for implementation; then the total hardware implementation is built after
getting a satisfied simulation result for same components circuit. The proposed model is confirmed by emulating its
specification through experimental measurement information. Hence, this PV panel model is linked to the Arduino
board with sensors for current and voltage to obtain and monitor the PV panel model parameters. To validate the
propose PV panel experimentally, a real component of a 120W prototype PV panel was implemented and the
results drawn with its corresponding simulation results. By studying these results, the theoretical analysis of
proposed model is very accurate and efficient in extract PV panel parameters comparison with one-diode PV
model. Therefore, the obtained proposed simulation and experimental results are very close.

This study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of palm heart (Phoenix dactylifera L.) extract in vitro. Fresh
material of the palm heart was dried, crushed and then extracted with distilled water, methanol and acetone.
Distilled water extract was divided into crude, residues (after filtration), protein and non-protein parts. All extracts
were investigated to determine their inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus
pyogenes (S. pyogenes), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.
pneumoniae), Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis), Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes), Morganella morganii (M.
morganii), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) using agar well diffusion method, ceftriaxone (CTR) was
used as a positive control. Phytochemical analyses were also performed to confirm the presence/absence of
bioactive constituents. All extracts revealed antibacterial activity against some of the tested bacteria. When
comparing the findings, aqueous (watery) extracts had the slightest antibacterial activity while the highest activity
was related to acetone extraction. For Gram-positive bacteria, the highest activity of acetone extract was against S.
mutans (10.7±0.13 mm) followed by S. pyogenes (10.6±0.17 mm), while Gram-negative most sensitive strain were
E. aerogenes (15.3±0.20 mm) and P. mirabilis (14.4±0.48 mm) respectively. Phytochemical analyses have
revealed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, pseudotannins, glycosides, carbohydrates, and aromatic amino acids.
Finally, these findings indicate the activity of the heart of palm to fight germs, further studies may also be needed