Journal of Techniques

Urban population growth requires an appropriate and suitable place for future population to cope with the expected
urban expansion of major cities in developing countries, and to identify an indicator urban expansion to guide
planners, architects and decision makers, and help them reduce negative effects of city expansion with improvement
in the ability to live in cities. The density (population and building), fragmentation (saturation and openness) and
compactness (proximity and cohesion) are the most important indicators of urban expansion of cities, which gives a
clear perception of how city expands and possibility of adopting the most suitable ones when updating or preparing
master lans. Most cities, especially Arab ones, suffer from excessive urban expansion, resulting in various urban
problems affecting quality of life, services and city performance, which is the problem of research. This research is
aimed at identifying factors influencing urban expansion of cities in developing countries when preparing for their
future expansion, by analyzing the indicators of urban expansion of a set of cities to reach appropriate indicators for
urban expansion sustainable future of the city to ensure orderly development of cities and make them more
productive, more comprehensive and sustainable in upcoming decades

Shatt Al-Hilla was considered one of the important branches of Euphrates River that supplies irrigation water to millions of dunams of planted areas. It is important to control the velocity and water level along the river to maintain the required level for easily diverting water to the branches located along the river. So, in this research, a numerical model was developed to simulate the gradually varied unsteady flow in Shatt AL-Hilla. The present study aims to solve the continuity and momentum (Saint-Venant) equations numerically to predict the hydraulic characteristics in the river using Galerkin finite element method. A computer program was designed and built using the programming language FORTRAN-77. Fifty kilometers was considered starting from downstream of Hindiyah Barrage towards Hilla city. The gathered field measurements along different periods were used for the purpose of calibration and verification of the model. The results show that the suitable Manning roughness was 0.023. A comparison with field observations was conducted to identify the validity of the numerical solution of the flow equations. The obtained results indicate the feasibility of the numerical techniques using a weighting factor of 0.667 and a time increment of 6 hr. High accuracy and good agreement were achieved, and minimum Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.029 was gained for the obtained results compared with the corresponding field observations.

Harm of metabolic syndrome (MS) on male infertility is mostly attributed to the various problems related with
overweight such as scrotal temperature, variation of serum testosterone levels or dyslipidemia. The current study was
designed to determine the correlation of leptin with inhibin B and sex hormones in infertile men with metabolic
syndrome. Forty five infertile male patients with a complete history and clinical examination were taken from the period
from January to July 2017 with thirty fertile apparently healthy male volunteers. Blood samples were drawn from all
patients subjects and healthy control in fasting state to measure the biochemical parameters which included fasting
glucose levels (FBG), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein HDL-c, concentrations. Also, follical-stimulatting
hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (tT) levels were estimated, while the levels of serum
inhibin B and leptin were estimated. Additionally body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure
(BP) were recorded to all subjects. The results revealed a significant increase in the level of BMI, WC, SBP, DBP, FBG,
triglyceride, high density lipoprotein level in the patients group when compared with the control group. Beside that, the
levels of FSH, LH, tT, leptin and inhibin B were significantly highly different when comparing the patients group with
the control group. Furthermore, a highly significant coefficients of correlation was observed between the leptin and FSH,
LH, tT, inhibin B (r = -0.46, -0.38, 0.28, -0.29) respectively. This study suggests that increasing the levels of leptin
associated with infertility in males with metabolic syndrome and the imbalance in reproductive hormone correlated with
hyperliptinemia.

Fluoroscopy is a type of medical imaging that shows a continuous X-ray image on a screen, it is used in a wide range of
examination and procedures for diagnosis such as in cardiac catheterization. Fluoroscopy can result in relatively high
radiation doses, especially for complex interventional procedures that it needed to monitor radiation to reduce exposure.
The purpose of this study is to determine the radiation doses for patients during cardiac catheterization exam and
compare it with the permissible dose limits. The main parameters which are studied in this work are the time of exposure
dose rate, x-ray techniques (milliamper. second), tube voltage (kilovolt) and Dose Area Product (DAP). Twenty-seven
patients were included and absorbed doses were measured and distributed according to Fluoroscopy (Fluo) time, mAs
and Dose Area Product (DPA). It was found that the absorbed dose received by the patients has a linear relationship with
the Fluoroscopy time, mAs and DAP. Exposure dose rates were measured and compared with the maximum permissible
dose (100 mGy/min), the estimated patient dose rate varied from (12-81.6) mGy/min) for 24 patients as a permissible
dose in the safe side, and 3 patients exposed to higher values of the exposure dose rates ) over permissible dose) range
(107.4-108) mGy/min.

Makeup products contain heavy metals in variable amounts. Oxidative stress, damage, and aging could happen due to
exposure to heavy metals. This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants, and lipid
peroxidation marker (malondialdehyde, MDA) in makeup and non-makeup users. 69 female students were sorted into
two groups of 31 of non-makeup users (control group) and 38 of makeup users (case group). In this respect, the case
group was also divided into 3 subgroups according to a period of 1.09±0.78 years (as mean±SD). 10 mL venous blood
was drawn to determine the serum level of vitamin C, uric acid, glutathione (GSH) and MDA. The gained results were
statistically analysed using SPSS. This in turn indicated a significant reduction in vitamin C, uric acid and GSH levels in
makeup users compared to the control group. However, MDA concentrations were significantly higher in makeup users.
A significant correlation between lipid peroxidation, dropping in non-enzymatic antioxidants and makeup products
application was found.