Journal of Techniques

While decreasing their cost, lithium-ion batteries began to enter a vast domain for energy storage field, including solar systems and electric vehicles, due to their high energy density compared to other types. Besides, li-ion batteries require a safe and secure ground to reach the best performance and decrease the explosion risk. The safe operation of the battery is based on the main protection features and balancing the cells. This study offers a battery BMS design that protecting the li-ion batteries from overcharging, over-discharging, overheating. It is also offering passive cell balancing, an uninterrupted power source to load, and monitoring data. The used controller is Arduino mega 2560, which manages all the hardware and software protection features. Software features that include 1) variable charging speed according to the batteries charging status, 2) measuring the batteries state of health and state of charge, 3) controlling the uninterrupted driver, 4) regulating the charge and discharge voltage, and 5) measure and display all the reading

The main challenge of this research is to scale the IoT platform aspects related to exchanging, processing, and archiving messages at the lowest cost compute-wise, through evaluating and selecting the most appropriate techniques that can be used in the design of the environment pollution monitoring system for a case study of Iraq. The entirety of the optimization process aims to provide a nation-wide community-oriented service via the scalable platform. The platform provides an intake for a huge number of sensing nodes. Compute-operations following the form of dataanalysis, aggregation, sensors’ monitoring for the five air pollutants (SO2, CO, O3, NO2, and PM), in addition to radioactive contamination. Thus system-level performance evaluation takes place on the major compute-intensive operations. Thus proposals are made to optimize the performance in terms of reducing the scripts execution time and the size of data and messages transmitted and stored in the system.

The work presented in this paper deals with a proposal of a new topology of a multilevel inverter to act as a STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM). The proposed inverter is the five-level Asymmetric Stacked Multi-Level Inverter (ASMLI). One of the essential features of this inverter that distinguishes it from the conventional types is that it achieves the required voltage levels with fewer switching devices, leading to simplifying the control process. Moreover, the work includes using a Finite Control Set Model Predictive Current Control (FCS-MPCC) to control the proposed structure. The FCS-MPCC control strategy performs the finite optimization process at the current sampling instant to provide the optimum switching states to the inverter at the next sampling instant. Therefore, this control strategy allows injecting harmonic current and reactive power compensation to reduce source current distortion and improve the voltage profile and power factor. The optimization mechanism reduces the cost function, which is a function of measuring the network current's deviation from the reference value and how the capacitor voltage deviates from the required values. LCL-filter was used to connect this setup to the grid, and its resonance was actively damped using the multivariable capabilities of the FCS-MPCC. The proposed control framework was simulated using MATLAB/Simulink 9.1 environment and tested in a distorted and healthy network compared to a conventional two-level converter with RL-filter. The STATCOM was used to inject reactive power to raise the source power factor to unity and reduce source current harmonics by injecting harmonic current. The proposed prototype could absorb 70% of source current harmonics, which is nearly 25% better than a conventional inverter, inject an appropriate amount of reactive power, and raise the source power factor to unity in two case scenarios. The performance achieved was promising at steady-state operation and speedy response during transients with balanced capacitors voltages.

In this paper, two contributions are presented. the first is to design two cascade controllers to control the velocity and position for two Permanent Magnet DC motors ( PMDC) working together at the same time for use in many applications such as CNC machines, robotics, and others. Also, the cross-coupling technique is used to connect these motors and adjust the precise synchronization of their movement on the axes. The second contribution is the use of the butterflies optimization algorithm (BOA) with the objective function Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) to extract the optimal parameter values for the two cascade controllers and the synchronization controller in order to obtain the best accurate results. The simulation results showed high accuracy to reach the desired position at a regular velocity of both the PMDC motors with accurate synchronization and tracking trajectory on the axes. In addition, a very small position deviation of 0.021 rad was observed, and the system returned to a steady-state after 2 seconds of applying the full load

Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources. The potential solar energy has a capacity to meet all energy requirements for human survival on planet earth. Some applications such as a thermoelectric generator, electric power generation with the assistance of solar panels and water applications are required to reduce the demand for electricity generated by conventional power plants. The current work evaluates the effectiveness of solar energy for supplying the police building located in Diyala, Iraq. The installed renewable power system consists of photovoltaic/ battery system set with grid connection installed on the roof of the building with a capacity of 5.52 kWp and battery unit (200 A, 48 Volt). Based on the daily average load kWh and daily average solar irradiance for the selected site (4.3 kWh/m2), the results of the energy generated by the system for two selected days showed that for a sunny day is about (11.63 kWh) and for party cloudy day is about (8.02 kWh). The average of energy fed to the grid for a sunny day was recorded more by more than 3.0 kWh and for party cloudy day by more than 4.0 kWh. The system installed at the first day of February of the year 2021. The obtained results encourage to install of photovoltaic systems in the selected site which can feed such facilities with renewable energy and deliver energy to the grid.

This paper proposed a Circular Polarization (CP) smartphone antenna Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system with elements of a diamond ring slot for next-generation (5G). The model\'s composition contains four elements. Each element has a dual-fed diamond ring slot arranged at the four smartphone corners Printed Circuit Board (PCB). A cheap FR-4 substrate with using a size of 75 x 150 mm2 as the design dielectric mater. 50-Ohm microstrip-lines T-shaped feeds the antenna ports. The orthogonal positioning of microstrip feed lines is used to achieve polarization and diversity characteristics. The paradigm results show that each port operated with an operating frequency of 3.74 GHz, with the overall system running at 3.84 GHz. Also, the results show that the MIMO system is suitable for operation in a sub-6 band that qualified for 5G smartphone applications.

This paper aims to examine the relationship between lean marketing and implementing sustainable competitive advantage. Based on discussed the different types of waste that a company can produce during the production process. This study targeted the Mosul Dairy Manufactory. In total (67%) valid completed questionnaires, out of (75) questionnaire forms distributed to the manufactory's marketing departments and distribution outlets. This study was based on a number of conceptual and applied questions concerning the relationship of correlation and its influence between the variables of research. The questionnaire was used as the main tool for collecting data and information. The statistical quantitative methods like (SPSS) were adopted in analyzing the data collected by the questionnaire. The main outcomes indicated, there is a significant correlation between the two variables, as well as, there is a significant impact of lean marketing on the sustainable competitive advantage. The main significance suggestions was, its necessity need to adopt the concept of lean marketing in this manufactory to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.

Angina is a chest pressure, discomfort, or pain like a squeeze. It may occur as an angina attack that typically lasts from 1 to 15 minutes; however, angina is not only a disorder, but is also a symptom of heart disease. There are various risk factors that lead to raising an angina pectoris attack which were designated in previous studies but no one detected the most significant one in Thi- Qar governorate. Because of the specific economic, lifestyle and environment characteristics of this governorate, the present study has aimed to determine the most important risk factors that trigger angina among patients of the Nasiriya Heart Center in Nasiriya city.
A cross-sectional study has been conducted in Nasiriya Heart Center which involved 200 angina patients that attended the hospital. The patients answered questioners’ form that has been designed by the researcher. The collecting data contained the demographic, lifestyle and family history information of patients.
The results showed no significant differences between male and female in angina occurrence. An age group 31- 60 year was considered the most susceptible to the incidence of angina. However, no significant impacts of the genetic, smoking, alcohol and obesity were found as risk factors. On the other hand, significant effects of diabetes, hypertension, eating habits and stress in the angina incidence were determined.
In conclusion, the specificity of the governorate has had the greatest impact on the determination of risk factors where, apart from eating habits, the stress in its various types was the most important factor; therefore, intensive studies must promote population health conditions in this governorate.

The pathogen of the new 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), presented a significant risk to health care. The WHO has described the SARS-CoV-2 infection outbreak as an international public health emergency. The main damage caused by the infection with SARS-CoV-2 was known to be lung infections. Previous research revealed that liver damage is prevalent in patients infected with the additional widely zoonotic coronaviruses, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and has been reviewed in relation to the severity of MERS, SARS, and COVID-19 diseases. Likewise, the mechanism and features of liver damage and liver injury has also been observed, as outlined in this review, which results in extreme cases during the phases of the disease.

After a period of use in the oral cavity the bond between denture base and soft denture liner weaken or fails and this will create a suitable environment for fungal colonization. Traditional medical plants that had antifungal agents are considered more safe and with few side effect. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oil and ethanol extracts of Artemisia aerial parts on Candida albicans growth and shear bond strength of soft denture liner. Candida albicansspecies were isolated and diagnosed, oil and ethanol extracts of Artemisia were prepared, the effect of the extracts on Candida albicanswere tested by agar well diffusion test and micro dilution test. Finally 30 specimens of soft denture liner prepared for testing shear bond strength by Universal Instron machine before and after incorporation of the extracts. The results showed that all the concentrations of oil extract inhibit the growth of Candida albicans except (12.5 mg/ml) and there were significant differences (P≤0.05) between all concentrations compared with Nystatin except between (100 and Nystatin) mg/ml in which there were no significant difference. In ethanol extract only the concentrations (100 and 75) mg/ml which inhibited the growth of Candida albicans and there were significant differences between all concentrations (P≤0.05) with Nystatin, while shear bond strength was increased in ethanol extract and there were significant differences with the control (P≤0.05), but it was not affected in oil extract and there were no significant differences with the control (P>0.05). Interestly,it’s concluded that oil and ethanol extracts of Artemisia aerials parts had an effect on Candida albicans, while shear bond strength was not affected by oil extract but increased in ethanol extract