Journal of Techniques

The product of formal innovation has become a strategy in itself, and because the design development with a technical dimension has become a feature of human life, so the concerned institutions have been referring to this through architecture, including the interior spaces it contains, especially at the level of all materials and raw materials.Therefore, in recent years a phenomenon has emerged that is characterized by the innovation of new design techniques, as the interior designer began to realize the importance of innovation, renewal and development through aesthetic and creative data that takes into account the formation of a future vision in which factors concerned with technical development in contemporary interior design overlap, and by informing researchers about foreign design techniques .Therefore, the problem of the research study was formulated with the following question: Does the product of formal innovation have a role in contemporary interior design techniques? While the importance of research contributes to supplying libraries, especially in the field of interior design, with valuable information that can be referenced by specialists in the field of interior design.While the current research aims to reveal contemporary interior design techniques to reach an innovative design product that achieves the functional and aesthetic aspect of the interior space, while the third chapter includes defining the topic of the research procedures represented by the research methodology based on the descriptive analytical approach, while the research community focuses on adopting the eclectic method Finally, the fourth chapter included extracting the results and conclusions of the research study in addition to the recommendations and suggestions.

Induction motor are widely used in commercial and industrial applications due to their robustness, high efficiency, low maintenance requirements and durability among other reasons. Consequently, their speed should be controlled for better performance. This paper describes utilization of a scalar speed control of a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM) to control a motor s speed using an integral sliding mode controller (ISMC). The controller was testedunder variousoperating conditions. The results are compared with a case employing a conventional PI controller. It was found that speed control by ISMC has a 0.16 RPM steady-state error, 0.03 s to reach steady-state from a standstill, and a 5% overshoot. All of these are lower values as compared to the results of a conventional PI controller. In this paper, the robustness of each controller to uncertainties is checked. Simulation results show the advantages of ISMC control methods. The system is simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK R2017a.

This paper introduces the simulationand analysis of a three-phase large-scale grid-connected solar Photovoltaic (PV) system in order to assess the effect of integrated PV grid-connected mode on the power quality of the utility grid. The study takes into account the effect of solar system power variation as well as the PV inverter's introduction of penetrating harmonics into the system. The simulation of the system is done in MATLAB software using the SIMULINK environment and test by a program Pvsyst , and it is done in real-time with an actual case study. On a 1620-kW PV array connected to an 11-kV grid via a three-level Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The technical data was recorded, and the system's power quality was examined. The grid-connected PV system's Performance Ratio (PR) is assessed to determine the PV system's reliability and grid connectivity.

The power systems are exposed to many abnormal conditions, so an advanced protection system must be provided to stand up to these challenges. Protection devices evolved continuously with the development of power systems. The accuracy, high response, reliability, and speed of fault detection are required in the operating mode of multifunction protective relays.
A Multifunction Relay has been designed and implemented which is consists of three types of relays: over current relay OCR, over/under voltage relay OVR/UVR, and differential relay DFR. The relays OCR, OVR/UVR, and DFR are designed according to the standards IEC 60255, IEEE 1159, and IEEE C37.91 respectively based on Arduino MEGA.The multifunction relay was implemented to work on single-phase.
The setting of multifunction relay configuration was tuning by using a new design based on the MATLAB GUI environment. Furthermore, the results obtained after each test appear on it and LCD screen. The multifunction relay which is designed can work as (OCR, OVR/UVR, DFR) in case of a single-phase source.
The experiential results show that the proposed multifunction relay are accurate, fast response, reliable, selective, good performance, low cost, and sensitivity, when used to protect the power system equipment under different operating conditions.

:The aim of conventional AGC is to regulate the demand load of the area with taking into account the sharing power with the others area and also the frequency deviation and tie-line power deviation within minimum error steady-state. The proposed coordination's goal is to regulate the demand load between the interconnected area when taking into account the optimal dispatch and emission effect. The two-area that be consist of three units in each one (hydro, thermal, and gas) is used of proposed system. The optimization algorithms were used to find the best operating point of the system by tuning the integral gain are located in ACE that named primary control and Generation allocation logic named secondary controller. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) are used to tune gains of the integral (I) controller to show the superiority in identifying robust controller. The simulation results prove that the SCA with proposed coordination is very effectiveness as compared with PSO algorithm in enhance the dynamic performance and reduce overshoot, maximum frequency deviation, and net tie line power flow deviation error for a given load change and disturbed the demand load between two-area as economic.

This research aims to investigate the impact of autonomous maintenance on operational performance dimensions that focuses on cost, quality, delivery, and flexibility. The research sample has targeted the departments of production operations namely; production, maintenance, projects, and quality in the Baghdad Company for Soft Drinks. Data collected by using a survey questionnaire. In total (86) staff were invited to practice in this survey. There are (81) forms that were valid for statistical analysis. Quantitative statistical methods were used for the purpose of data analysis using the (SPSS V.24) program such as; Cronbach's alpha test, kurtosis and skewness, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Spearman's correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination and impact factor. conclusions, The most important conclusions reached by this research are that autonomous maintenance has a strong statistically significant effect on the dimensions of operational performance, especially cost, quality, delivery, and flexibility.

This research aims to measure the level of application of the international standard for the occupational health and safety management system (ISO 45001: 2018) in educational institutions by determining the size of the gap between the actual reality of occupational health and safety and the requirements of the researched standard, as well as proposing steps to implement the standard. Researching educational institutions in the Ministry of Education office, and the check list was adopted as a main tool for data collection by using statistical methods to obtain the results of the research represented (by the arithmetic mean and percentage to determine the extent of conformity and the actual size of the gap). The research reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which was that The procedures and requirements of the occupational health and safety management system came in very weak rates, as the percentage reached (15%) with a gap of (85%), and this gap came as a result of not adopting the application of the occupational health and safety standard.

The research aims to evaluate the environmental auditing practices in the petroleum sector of Kurdistan Region of Iraq by measuring the applying of ISO 14001 requirements, diagnosis the main environmental auditing practices, reduce the negative effects of the organization's activities on the environment and compliance with local and international laws related to the environment, and determine the most important weaknesses in environmental auditing practices of the petroleum companies in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Therefore, the importance of this research stems from the value of applying the requirements of ISO 14001 in environmental auditing practices to enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, conserve the environment, and reduce the negative effects of the organization's activities. The researcher designs a questionnaire according to the ISO 14001 requirements in order to evaluate the quality of environmental auditing practices in a sample of petroleum companies. The researcher concludes that the level of environmental auditing practices in Iraq is acceptable, and the ISO 14001 requirement can be applied easily with some instructions, institutional awareness, governmental follow-up and public review.

خلاصة البحث (باللغة الانكليزية):
Abstract:
Acinetobacter baumannii is considered a critical healthcare problem for patients in intensive care units due to its high ability to be multidrug-resistant to most commercially available antibiotics. The current study was aimed to isolate and identify the clinical isolates of A. baumannii from different samples and investigate the antibiotic resistance of isolates. Isolation and diagnosis of bacteria were achieved by conventional techniques, including routine and selective culture media (Chrome agar), biochemical test, EPI 20E, and VITEK-2. These methods were basically considered as a gold standard for identification of A. baumannii infectionsfrom different clinical sources, and culture positive isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using a modified Kirby–Bauer method. A total of 375 clinical specimens were collected from different infections in some hospitals in Mosul and Erbil cities/Iraq from Sep 2020 to Jan 2021. Overall, 41 isolates were identified as A. baumannii using conventional and biochemical methods, and then confirmed by VITEK-2 system. Our results established that only 41(14.4%) isolates were diagnosed as A. baumannii, and most of these isolates were from burns (36.5%), surgical wounds (34.1%), and sputum (14.6%). However, it was identified in CSF, blood, and urine samples with lower percentages (7.3%, 4.8%, and 2.4%, respectively). The clinical isolates of A. baumannii showed high to moderate resistance to Piperacillin (97.5%), Piperacillin/ Tazobactam., Ceftazidime (87.8%), Meropenem (85.3%), Tri/slphamethoxazole (82.9%), Levofloxacin (80.4%), Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin (78%), Gentamycin (75.6%), Amikacin (73.1%), Netilmicin (68.2%), Tobramycin (60.9%) and Tetracycline (31.7%). However, two antimicrobial agents which were Colistin and Tigecycline produced 0 and 2.4 % resistance to A. baumannii respectively, which were considered the most used choices to treat A. baumannii infections.
The current findings suggest that automated Vitek 2 system is the most common method to accurately detect the isolates and evaluate multi-drug resistant A. baumannii among patients.

Background: Phosphate-bonded investments produce a refractory cast model with roughen Surface and undesirable properties. Dental Surface hardening agents are then applied to refractory investment materials to enhance its properties.
Purpose: compare and evaluate the effects of different dental cast hardening agents (Bees wax, Carnauba wax, and Ceresin wax) on surface roughness of refractory model investment material.
Approach: 30 specimens were constructed from commercially available phosphate bonded investment material. Specimens were subjected to a roughness test before dipping in handing agents, then divided into three groups according to the type of wax in which they were dipped. (10 specimens for each type). Surface roughness test was done by a profilometer, and three readings were taken for all the specimens' surface randomly, the mean was extracted for the roughness values before and after dipping in waxes.
Results: the mean and standard deviation were tabulated and statistically analyzed using students T- test. The roughness values were decreased after the specimens were dipped in waxes (P value < 0.001 HS highly significant).
Conclusion: The dipping process with hardening agents is significantly improved the surface roughness of the specimens' investment materials.

Cooling rate is the main fact in success and life span of all ceramic restoration through its effect on mechanical properties and producing a residual tensile stress, crack propagation and failure restorations. The goalsof this study was to assess the impact of diverse cooling cycles (slowcooling – fast cooling) on the surface hardness of the Zirconia (VM9). A total of 30 conventional Y-TZP Zirconia (Vita VM9) disks were fabricated according manufacturers recommendation. The samples were partition into three categories depending on the cooling system. Each group consisted of Ten specimens in diameter (2mm×10mm). Control group: samples are unescorted by any change. Fast cooling group:these specimens were fast cooled after second firing (925C0 -600C0) with opening Oven muffle 25% with holding time for 5 minute and remove from the furnace to cool at room temperature. Slow cooling group: specimens were slow cooled after second firing (925C0 -400C0) with opening Oven muffle 25% with holding time for 5 minute and remove from the furnace to cool at room temperature. Each specimen was subjected to hardness test in load 9.8N at 15s using Digital microvickers Hardness tester, Scanning electron microscope. The statistical analysis revealed that, the highest vickers hardness mean value was for the control group (690.57 ± 69.9563)and for seconed group (618.12± 53.6164) and for third group (631.75±65.3858), The facts were statistically examined by applying ANOVA test (P- value) testes which revealed significant differences(p=0.038) (p<0.05) among groups. Conclusion: The impact of cooling cycle on the hardness surface measurements of the Zirconia (Vita VM9) between the three groups was significant. The slow cooling show a higher values of (VH) Hardness and recommended for Zirconia than the fast cooling.