Journal of Techniques

This work aims to join AA6061 to Copper sheets using friction spot joining technique without formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs). Aluminium (Al)sheet was arranged with a lap joint configuration over a pre-holed copper sheet. A snap die was used under the copper specimen. A rotating tool was utilized to carry out the joining technique by friction at the common surface between the tool shoulder and Al surface. Three process parameters were selected to study its influence on the joint quality: rotating speed, pre-heating time, and plunging depth of the tool. Two materials were joined by extruding the Al metal through the copper hole, and forming a rivet head. The results indicated the two materials joined by mechanical interlock at an interface line of a micro-scale, without forming IMCs or presence of defects like cracks, voids or gaps. The extruded aluminium through the rivet head die prevented pull-outing the joint. The plunging depth of the tool exhibited the highest influence on the joint’s shear force which recorded a maximum value of 1800N.

Plastic waste is accumulating with the progression of time, posing significant difficulties around the world. As a result, effective solutions to environmental concerns are required. There is also another issue, which is that projects frequently encounter weak soil, which must be modified. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive study of the literatures in order to compile information on utilization of waste plastic in geotechnical engineering applications specially in soils stabilizing. This article summarizes the local researches that done in this topic to determine the use of waste plastic as material for reinforcing soil in Iraq. According to the outcomes of this study, plastic waste can be utilized as an eco-friendly and cost-effective way to improve the strength of the soil. It has been discovered that adding (0.5-4) wt. % plastic waste to a property improves its value. In terms of additive dimensions, it was explored that plastic waste with a greater aspect ratio produced greater test results. Finally, when compared to non-stabilized samples, compaction parameters, shear strength parameter, and CBR (California bearing ratio), of stabilized samples were significantly enhanced.

As compared with benign, the common human malignancy of skin cancer can be diagnosed visually starting from clinical screening and ending with histopathological examination. Accurate automatic classification of skin lesion images is a great challenge as the image features are very close in these images. In this paper we used two methods for the image recognition these algorithms are Convolution neural networks (CNN) promise to provide a potential classifier for skin lesions. This work will present dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer by using residual network (ResNet-50) as a deep learning convolutional neural network (DLCNN) that maps images to class labels. It presents a classifier with a single CNN to automatically recognize benign and malignant skin images. and the second method is the Support Vector Machine it is a supervised learning algorithm, which is used for classification of data for the different classes based on a separating hyperplane. The network inputs are only disease labels and image pixels. About 320 clinical images of the different diseases have been used to train the CNN. The model performance has been tested with untrained images from the two labels. This model identifies the most common skin cancers and can be updated with a new unlimited number of images. The DLCNN trained by the ResNet-50 model showed good classification of the benign and malignant skin categories. The ResNet-50 as a DLCNN has verified a significant recognition rate of more than 97% on the testing images, which proves that the benign and malignant lesion skin images are properly classified. support vector machine (SVM) classifier for the classification of skin cancer, for the feature extraction step achieved 86.9% accuracy . which mean in CNN we had more percentage accuracy with 11% . these results we have used MATLAB .

To join sheets of commercial pure titanium grade 2 and nylon 6 polymer, friction lap spot welding (FLSW) was proposed. The titanium sheets were drilled to create a 3.5mm diameter hole, which was then threaded with M4. The effect of the process parameters on joint quality was investigated. The tool\'s rotating speed was 710, 900, 1120 RPM, the tool\'s plunging rate was 0.23, 0.75, 1.3mm/sec, and the tool\'s diameter was 8,10, and 12 mm. All of the specimens were successfully joined, according to the results. The specimens were fully dislocated from the titanium pre-hole after shearing the polymer at the lap joint region. The Ti-nylon 6 joints had shear forces ranging from 597 to 864N. The axial load measured during the joining operation is 199 kg. The joint shear

تم اجراء العديد من التجارب لتقدير العلاقة بين فصيلة الدم وحدوث مرض السكري، ولكن ليس علاقته مع ارتفاع مستوى حامض اليوريك في الدم، في هذه الدراسة قد تم تسجيل الآثار المترتبة على احتمالية وجود علاقة بين فصائل الدم مع حدوث هذه الحالات. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو معرفة ما إذا كانت هناك علاقة بين فصائل الدم ABO وحدوث ارتفاع في مستوى حامض اليوريك وارتفاع مستوى السكر في الدم لدى المرضى العراقيين. تم إجراء هذا البحث في المختبرات التعليمية في مدينة الطب (محافظة بغداد). تم إجراء البحث على فصائل الدم ABO لأشخاص تتراوح اعمارهم مابين (40-70) سنة ، تم اجراء اختبار فصائل الدم ABO بالطريقة الانزلاقية لفحص فصائل الدم ، ومن ثم تم قياس مستويات كل من حامض اليوريك والجلوكوز في الدم باستخدام إجراء إنزيمي. توجد فروق معنوية في مستويات حامض اليوريك بين فصائل الدم (A و AB) وفصائل الدم (A و O) ، بينما كانت مستويات الجلوكوز في الدم ذات دلالة إحصائية عالية بين فصائل الدم (B و AB) وفصائل الدم (AB و AB). نستنتج أن فصيلة الدم AB يمكن أن تكون الأكثر عرضة لحدوث زيادة حامض اليوريك وارتفاع نسبة الكلوكوز في الدم. ومع ذلك ، هناك حاجة إلى المزيد من الاختبارت مع الأخذ في نظر الاعتبار العامل الريسي

Aspergillus fumigatus, is considered the most common human pathogen causing Aspergillosis, and is a tough opportunistic pathogen. This pathogen is very capable of forming biofilms via developing hyphal walls radially. The current therapies are known for their limitations where they couldn’t target the proteins involved in undoing host response. Here we aimed to screen the possible antifungal role of Curcumin and its effect on the Transglutaminase 2 and Reactive Oxygen species response. We also screened the levels of cytokines with and without the treatment to confirm the activity. We could neutralize the elevated levels of TG2 by using the treatment (methanol extract). Even the cytokine levels could be normalized with the extract treatment which is usually highly elevated with the fungal infection. We found that TG2 and IL 1β and IL 18 got elevated significantly in control In addition, as well as our extract could confirm the possible role of ROS and its effect on TG2 which is said to play a major role in apoptosis.

Bee venom (BV) of Apis mellifer L. has been recently used as a traditional medicine to treat different conditions.Bee venom was proven successful in repairing some histopathological changes in mice when treated with different concentrations. Then detect the level of damage to the liver and kidney tissues when using BV as a treatment material for some diseases. Animals were randomly divided into 7 groups, 6 groups treated with BV extraction, and one group as control treated with distilled water. Mice were injected intraperitoneally by 0.2ml of BV extraction in concentrations (1000, 750, 500, 350, 300, and 250) μg/ml. Histopathological examinations demonstrate mild to moderate changes in treated groups in the liver and kidney tissues manifested by congestion, acute cell swelling, and focal coagulated necrosis in some individuals. Atherosclerotic changes in the aorta and some arteries in two experience groups. Whereas several mild degenerative changes were observed in hepatic cells of one experience group. Conclusion: In the liver and kidney, bee venom administered groups in different concentration revealed hepatic and renal complications at histological investigations of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of liver and kidney section.

Background Acrylic resin is a commonly utilized material in clinical practice, including: maxillofacial prosthesis Interim prostheses, repair dentures, reline, orthodontic equipment, and record bases are only a few examples of possible applications. However, these materials have some drawbacks, for example low mechanical properties. To improve the performance of the acrylic resins, various materials have been incorporated.
Purpose: The purpose of this research was to assess the effect of adding different concentrations of copolymers of Ethyl methacrylate (EA) and Isobutyl methacrylate (IBMA) monomers on some of the mechanical properties of acrylic resin such as surface hardness and surface roughness.
Approach: 100 samples were made of acrylic resin and divided into three groups (a control group and two experimental groups) and 20 samples for the control group and these samples were divided into ten samples for each group based on the tests performed. 40 samples per experimental group (IBMA, EMA) divided into two groups according to the added concentration (1% and 2%). Then, according to the tests performed, each group was divided into two groups with ten samples for each group. Acrylic samples were fabricated with dimensions of 65 mm x 10 mm x 2.5 lengths, width and thickness respectively according to (ADA specification, No.12, 1999). Each specimen was subjected to the surface hardness test and surface roughness test. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, One –way ANOVA, LSD and Post Hoc -Tukey test were utilized for detecting the significant differences and multiple comparisons.
Results: The control group had the greatest mean value of hardness compared with the experimental group while the EMA 1% group showed the lowest mean value of roughness test compared with the control and other experimental groups.
Conclusion: The incorporation of experimental groups (IBMA, EMA) in different concentrations by weight in MMA and PMMA had a decrease slightly of surface hardness of acrylic resins, and the incorporation of EMA 1% by weight in MMA and PMMA had improved surface roughness. In added EMA2%, IBMA 2% enhanced slightly the surface roughness of acrylic resins

This research aims to identify the role of strategic transparency in achieving sustainable creativity in a group of companies in Baghdad like; the General Company for the Industry for Vegetable Oils, the National Company for Hydraulic Industries - Hydraulic Factory, the General Company for Construction Industries - Baghdad Plastic Factory. The research problem was the necessity of the companies surveyed to adopt strategic transparency to achieve sustainable innovation. The questionnaire used for data collection. It consisted of (25) paragraphs. A random sample of (67) was selected from the research community represented by workers in industrial companies. The results of data analysis by using the statistical program (SPSS V.23) showed there was a statistically significant correlation between the dimensions of strategic transparency and sustainable creativity. It also had used the Amos V.20 program to investigate the research hypotheses by path analysis. Which showed there was a significant effect of the dimensions of strategic transparency in supporting sustainable innovation. Which, supporting its applications in the industrial labor market by increasing moral and material incentives to researchers in this field.

e decorative composition represents one of the most important aspects of heritage as the cultural value that affects one way or another on the successive generations. Many furniture designs that bear contemporary formal values have emerged, at a time when the issue of contemporary and its relationship to originality is one of the important issues that occupy the Arab community. The idea of the designer, and hence the research problem arose with the following question: How is the decorative composition employed between originality and contemporary in furniture designs?, while the goal of the research is embodied in revealing the mechanism of employing decorative composition between originality and contemporary in furniture designs. As for the limits of the research, it was objectively determined by studying the employment of decorative formations between authenticity and contemporary, while ensuring its spatial and temporal limits in what Pinterest offers for the year 2021. The theoretical framework of the research consists of two sections, the first dealt with the concept of decorative composition, and the second dealt with the concepts of originality and contemporary. For fidelity and stability. The analysis process resulted in a number of results, the most important of which are: The designs of the decorative composition emerged bearing essential qualities and also expressive of an art that indicates originality and contemporary at the same time within a design fabric that carries a specific intellectual direction, which is to show the aesthetics of the originality of furniture designs, but in a contemporary way. This was embodied through the employment of elements Formalism of decorative composition Line, shape, color, texture, size, area and measure, direction. Relying on the foundations of decorative composition balance, proportion and proportion, unity and diversity, repetition, compatibility, harmony, supremacy, which created designs characterized by balance and wonderful organization of design elements and their relationships with each other to achieve an aesthetic value for those designs

The interior spaces of beauty centers. The researcher found that the formal composition of the interior design vocabulary in beauty centers can achieve notional values through the features that these vocabulary excel in, some of which are related to direct relations with the interior space that contains functional and performance harmony, including those related to In the light of the foregoing, the research problem can be formulated by the following question: What are the legal values in the formal formation of the interior spaces of beauty centers? On the legal values in the formal formation of the interior spaces of beauty centers, the methodology adopted by the researcher has been clarified, which is the descriptive approach. In the analysis of the sample, the fourth chapter included the findings of the researcher that the legal values in the interior design in the reception space of the beauty centers achieved the aesthetic taste as a legal value that is consistent with the perception, where the perception begins aesthetically and then moves to the details, and self-realization as a legal value is a need from The individual’s needs mean using all his capabilities, abilities and talents to be more creative. The interior designer of the beauty centers’ space was able to realize himself in the reception space of the centers that the system is a formal structure subject to formal limitations in order to gain acceptance. The designer relied on creating a system in the design of the reception space for the centers Beautification is a creative act that controls the parts to give their meanings and connotations, that privacy is the individual's need to practice his privacy without monitoring and follow-up from others and in the interior design the recipient's feeling of safety, participation and respect through what the design product carries and this is what the interior designer tried to achieve in the design of the reception space of beauty centers

The inner or architect faces difficulty in choosing his applicable design, so that the research presents a study based on scientific and practical components to find out a design idea as an objective study and the mechanisms of application by utilizing modern technology and the products of the digital world to achieve a sustainable and balanced environment participates in upgrading the inner designs so it comes with the concept of the design idea and means of cognitive processing that take part in its application in real life to reach the title of the research “The design idea and its application in the inner space ‘’ the study as a necessity resulted from a need to increase design awareness in finding out a link between the application of the design idea and precept it.
The research problem ‘’ does the design idea and its application in the inner space (Refreshments Shops) as a sample have sensible and perception values participate in achieving connection with the recipient?
The target of the research aims at uncovering the role of the design idea and its application in the inner space and its importance in being discussed in a study resulted from a necessity to improve the level of inner designs of refreshments shops in the city of Baghdad, the objective limits ‘’The design idea and its application in the inner space’’, and the place and time limits of it from Al Fiqma refreshments shop at Al Karrada Al Fiqma refreshments shop at Al Sidiyah from (1983-2013), insure the conceptual framework the design idea and perception processing to apply the design idea.
There are a number of indications resulted from the research and adopted in the samples analyzing form and discussing the previous studies close to the subject of the research.
The research methodology and procedures come to reach the results and conclusions and lead to a number of conceptualization pillars.

The technological revolution and its technical products are among the most important influences that contributed to the dynamic change of societies, and new methods, skills and materials have brought about a major transformation in the design of interior spaces after they replaced their traditional counterparts. Employing modern technologies in the design of contemporary interior spaces, as well as setting the goal of the research as (determining how to employ modern technologies in contemporary interior spaces). The objective limits of the research included the study of digital technology, laser technology, and modern materials in the design of the interior spaces of historical museums. The theoretical framework of the research consists of three sections, the first of which dealt with the concept of technology, techniques and modern materials in interior design, the second dealt with the concept of contemporary interior space and its elements, and the third dealt with the concept of the museum, its types and design considerations. In the procedural aspect of the research, the descriptive approach was adopted in the analysis of the research sample, which consisted of five models from historical museums that were deliberately elected according to the goal of the research. The analysis process resulted in a number of results, the most important of which are: the integration of three-dimensional displays and interactive screens with the horizontal and vertical levels of space, the employment of hologram technology in the process of displaying holographic