DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES

The wide demand for high data rate rapid development in mobile and internet communication system limitation of the radio spectrum and the communication capacity needs cannot be met without a significant increase in communication spectral efficiency make it important to increase the capacity and decrease the Bit Error Rate (BER) of communication channel. In this paper, analysis of the capacity for four types of communication systems are performed, it was found that the MIMO communication system capacity is the best, Space Time Trellis Code(STTC) technique is used to improve the performance of MIMO system by decreasing the BER as well as possible, finally artificial neural network was used at the receiver of with (STTC) to get more suitable results by decreasing the BER of the proposed system.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the construction methods of connection area between bricks walls and concrete columns. Damage inspection process was used to discover the damages in selected buildings .According to construction method, four buildings were select e das a case study .According to damage inspection results, the building without tooth edge (building B) and the building with bonding bars (building C) wereappeared cracks with different widths and lengths. For building B, the maximum width and length of crack is equal to 3.5mm and 3.25m respectively. For building C, The maximum crack width is equal to 5mm with length 3m.The buildings with tooth edge connection have no cracks in the area between bricks walls and concrete column because of the strong correlation between the concrete of column and the spaces of bricks (tooth edges). The tooth edge method of building construction did not appear cracks. Therefore, this study recommends to use the method of tooth edges in the construction of building in Iraq to prevent the cracks.

In this paper, adesign of avector control algorithm for a three-phase induction motor. The three phase AC induction motors area popular in manufacturing industries as it has many benefits. It is quite simple and minimum cost is favourable,it does not have brushes and requires minimum maintenance. In order to achieve variable speed operations in a three-phase AC induction motor byopen andclosed loop vector control technique to improve themotor’s performance, is used because this technique has higher efficiency, accurate control of the motor’s speed and torque. To analyse vector control, by converting the three phaseQuantities into 2-axes system called the d-q transformation. The d-q axes can be chosen to be stationary or rotating. MATLAB/ SIMULINK is usedas toolto simulate the model of (IM) and applying the control technique on it. In open andclosed loop vector control, by use of PWM inverter, voltage supply can vary as well as the supply frequency such that the ratio v/f remains constant so that the flux remains constant as well

This work presents a new real world driving cycle for Baqubahcity, Iraq. The crucial factor for estimation of fuel consumption and emissions is the driving cycle. The suggested method is to generate microtrips, which calculated from real world driving cycle data and then choose the most frequent of them. The constructed driving cycle (1052 seconds) compared with some standards driving cycle including New York, federal test procedure, urban dynamometer driving schedule, united states, Japan and European driving cycle (NY, FTPCOL, UDDS, US06, JPN, and EUDC) light vehicle driving cycles. The parameters such as acceleration, deceleration, and idle percentage are presented to give an initial impression about this driving cycle. The results for these parameters for Baqubah driving cycle were 50.34%, 48.52%, and 25.61% respectively. Moreover, the average speed of Baqubah driving cycle was 21.63 km/h(13.45 mph). These results give strong encouragement considering hybrid electric vehicles for Baqubah city.

Asemicircle crest profile extending across full width of laboratory channel (suppressed) provides measurementsof discharge –head under free flow condition.According to these measurements anempirical head –discharge relationship has been established. Dimensional analysis is carried out to establish independent parameter (R/H) which represents relative crest curvature and dependent parameter (????????12⁄????32⁄). Regression analysis and solver function in Microsoft excel is used todeterminethe flow equation, to obtaina relationship between depending discharge and the independent parameters affecting the flow.Non-linear equation for estimating the discharge coefficient of the weir model was developed. The accuracy of HEC-RAS softwareisexamined for describing water surface profiles, computation of rating curve and the occurrence of the critical depth .TheHEC-RAS program results are compared with the laboratory measurements.Yield affair agreement between them. The weir coefficient of semicircle crest profile is greater than that for the basic broad crested weir and the flow upstream of the weir is subcritical .Transitional flow occurs on the weir crest and the flow along downstream weir face is supercritical within the range of modular discharges.

One of the effected problemsthat thecivil engineer faces it in constructionof buildingsis the presence of gypseous soils. Gypseoussoilis highly dissolved whenitswatercontent increases. There are many treatments for such soilslikesoil replacement,earth reinforcement, compaction,addition of asphalt, lime, fueloil and other. In this study, the improvement propertiesof gypseous soilswereinvestigatedusing fueloilwhich is one ofa littlecostmaterialsand because of the ability of this material to prevent the water action and to distribute in voids of soil.Gypseous soils used in this study, which contain (49.4%) gypsum content, were brought from Tikrit city,Salah-Aldeen governorate. The addition of fuel oilto gypseous soil,waswith different percentages(0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%)to get more observation about the study. The results showed that themaximum dry density decreases whiletheoptimum moisture content increases with increasing fuel oil content. Moreover,this study showed thatas the fuel oil content increasedtoan optimum value (8%), the maximum unconfined compressive strength, the cohesion(c)and the angle of internal friction(φ)increased toabout(34%), (52%), (15%) respectively,then decreased.When the treated and untreated samples soaked in water,the maximum unconfined compressive strength,the cohesion(c)and the angle of internal friction(φ)decreased toabout(37%), (21%), (12%) respectively,atan optimum fuel oil content(8%).The initial void ratio(e0)andcollapse potential(C.p.)decreasedto about (32%), (90%) respectively,as the fuel oil content increasedtoan optimum value (8%).The compression index decreased as the fuel oil content increased to an optimum value(8%) then increased.The main results indicatedthatusing fuel oil(8% fuel oil content)providesbetter solution forproblems of gypseoussoil.Using thismaterialimprovingthe engineeringproperties of the gypseous soilsand reducingthe collapsibility, especially when these soils facedthe wet condition

Collapsible soils are known as problematic soils, which possess considerable strength when dry and lose their strength when inundated experiencing excessive settlements. The soil response to inundation (i.e. landslides or significant soil settlements) could not be predicted beforehand. The irrecoverable volume reduction of collapsible soils takes place fast and sudden and no measurements can be taken to stop the problem once it initiates. The collapse potential increases with time due to soaking and leaching which is attributed to the dissolution and washing out of gypsum.In this paper, a comparison is made between the collapse potential predicted form laboratory standard collapse test with filed collapse (coefficient of resolving slump) estimated from plate loading test. The soil site for investigation was in Rumaila, Basrah Governorate. Results of collapse test carried out on two samples showed that the collapse potential, Ic of the two samples is 5.091% and 3.502%, the soil is considered of moderate degree of collapse. The coefficient of average resolving slump for saline soil was calculated from field plate load test to be 0.94% to 1.2%. The difference in boundary conditions between the two approaches was found clear in the evaluation of collapse potential

Baghdad isthecapitalcityofIraqandlocatedat33°20’19"Northlatitudeand44°23’38"Eastlongititude.Inthispaper,aMATLABmodelisinvestigatedtosimulatethecharacteristicsoutputofaphotovoltaicsolarmodulewithrespecttochangesinoperatingtemperatureandsolarirradiance.Themodelisabletopredicttheoutputcurrentandoutputvoltage,aswellastheoutputpower.Theresultsshowthatthecurrent,voltageandoutputpowerofPV-collectorincreaseby80%,17.5%,and85.5%,respectivelywhenthesolarirradianceincreasesfrom200to1000W/m2,butthecurrentalmostunchangedandthevoltageandoutputpowerdecreaseby9%and18.5%respectivelywhentheoperatingtemperaturechangesfrom25oCto45oC

In this paper, comparative study of three dispersion compensation fiber models, namely, pre, post and symmetrical involving ideal dispersion compensationfiber Bragg grating for three different modulation schemes in 40 Gb/ssingle channel optical fiber transmission system are performance evaluated. Three modulation schemes, different namely,duo-binary coding, modified duo-binary and carrier suppressed return to zero are simulated and analyzed in terms of Q-factor and bit error rate for each set up by rangeof CWlaser power. The simulation of optical system based on optisystem-10.The result report that the symmetrical with ideal FBG at duo-binary coding depicts good performance for increasing the input power from-5 dBm to 10dBm.It is clear that best Q value obtained is 28.24 dB for BER of 5.9 ×10-176at input power of 5 dBm using symmetrical compen sationc ascaded with ideal FBG for duo-binary modulation scheme

Cathodic protection technologies proved for more than a century until now their effectiveness in protecting metal objects containing fluids and buried in an electrolytic medium against the electrochemical corrosion process. This work aims to design and evaluate performance of an impressed current cathodic protection system. The system consists of a DC power source, and a group of electrodes (anodes), the resulting electrical circuit balances the natural potential that exists between the surrounding medium and the protected structure metal. This work presents a direct method to design a cathodic protection system for the cooling water pipeline for AL-Quds gas power station. Pipeline specification, type of coating and the soil which it buried within along its route were considered in the calculations of the desired protection current plus the standard allowances to ensure the proper performance of the cathodic protection system for at least twenty years. Measurement results proved the effectiveness of the cathodic protection system to keep the used pipeline negative potential within the international applicable standards.

The present numerical and experimental studyaims to specify the amount of conserved electrical energy by reducing the environment effects on the building in summer season by covering the outer surfaces wall with plates were made from reflected aluminum of [ANS H35.1(2001)] with unconventional configurations. The room model was with dimensions of (1×1×2) m located in 3rdfloor of a building in Baghdad city at latitude of (33.2 No). Using 200 mm thickness thermal insulation type of styropor (polystyrene) to cover the roof, ground and three walls inside room to reducing the heat transfer through these walls. Moreover, the wall of (1×2) m under study was at orientation to the east. This room was equipped with an air-conditioning unit with capacity of (1 Ton) to provide a cold space inside the room to obtain the standard thermal condition. The temperatures were recorded on the outer and inner surfaces of the wall. The air temperatures were recorded in the shadow for one day only (from 5 am to 6 pm) through summer months of 2015. The results show that the using proposed plates reducing the electrical energy consumption for cooling purpose and obtained an improved in saving was about (43.4-50.8)% for closed air gap case in behind it. However, when using the thermal insulation the saving was about (62.5-63.4) %. While the saving was increased when that plates painted by thermal paints the saving raised to (57-63.3) % at presence the closed air gap and the saving becomes (68-70.9) % when adding the thermal insulation.

Major cities usually suffer from multiple problems, including transport because of various reasons, including increasing the number of the population and not to accommodate the transport network for the increase as well as weak energy absorption with the increase in the number of private and public vehicles. To improve transport in the major cities of the most important indicators of the urban development of civilization, as it is to measure the progress of states in accordance with the complementary relationship between him and all the other development sectors, especially the presence of the means of modern and smart systems based systems and modern technology.The city of Baghdad suffers from different transferred failing the capacity of the streets with the increased number of cars significantly, especially after the 2003 problems, as well as the transport network and the lack of expansion presented with the increase in population, as well as the lack of integration of mono modes of transport and adoption largest by the private transport.It is now a new basis for the city of Baghdad in 2030 plan takes into account the population increase and housed an attempt to put the target year, require the preparation of transport is able to accommodate future population growth and resolve the current problems of the transport sector.The plan, proposed a range of strategies including:(A) The integration of the proposed new urban centers scheme edge city by linking them with eachother highways.(B) Interest in road transport by completing and the addition of an annular road surrounding the city, and to increase the proportion of mass transit bus and rapid rail, metro and train commentator (monorail), bicycles and pedestrians (Sustainable Transport).(C) Activation of river transport plan and take advantage of penetrating the Tigris River downtown Baghdad.(D) Expansion to accommodate the growing numbers of target Baghdad International Airport.(E) Interest in the city center by creating a quick stations adoption of the principle of suspension and ride and increase the number of parking lots.