Journal of Education for Humanities

The family of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq had a great role in the course of historical events after the Prophet’s mission. This impact was not limited to a specific aspect, but included all aspects of life, the most prominent of which is the religious aspect and their contributions to the protection of this religion, sacrificing for its sake all the precious and precious, and participating in its dissemination to guide people to the path The truth, so they had a role in supporting the Messenger of God in the call to Islam. Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq (may God be pleased with him) was the first to support the Messenger of God and the first to sacrifice the most precious for the sake of Islam, in addition to their role in the first and second pledges of Aqaba, as well as their great role in the migration of the Messenger of God To Medina and the Messenger of God's commissioning Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq (may God be pleased with him) to perform Hajj with the people, and finally their role in the Farewell Pilgrimage.

Vertical housing is one of the most important ecological aspects in societies, and the reason for this type of housing may be the high population density in cities, as the need for new housing sufficient for the additional number of residents appears, and here the importance of vertical housing is highlighted due to its acquisition of a smaller area and more housing Or, it may be a kind of aesthetic project for the city, or the new urban life may require a kind of sophisticated and modern buildings. And the most important points that the study focuses on are: What are the most important problems facing families in vertical housing? What are the prevailing social relations between families of vertical housing? What are the reasons that made the family tend to this type of housing? Is there an effect of age on social relations among the family Is there a relationship between academic achievement and social relations?

In the context of research in Islamic history, specifically in the Rashidi era, the conquest of Iraq, the Battle of Qadisiyah (13-16 Sha’ban 15 AH/19-22 September 636 CE) with different sources on this date, but it is the closest to the truth, as the Battle of Qadisiyah is one of the decisive battles in Islamic history, because it was a turning point In the centers of global power at that time, after the defeat of the Persians in it, there was no standing for them, and the Islamic power began to appear quickly, and control over Iraq, Persia, and all the countries controlled by the Sassanid state, so this search was about preparing for the battle of Al-Qadisiyah, an accent on By using the historical quantitative method, and focusing on the numbers and ratios to the extent of the participation of the Arab tribes in that battle, while listing some details, so that the subject is not incomprehensible to the reader. So we talked about what raged the battle of al-Qadisiyah, the caliph’s dealing with this event, and the mobilization of the nation’s human and material energies in order to defeat the Persian force and expel them from the regions of Iraq. Saad bin Abi Waqqas al-Zuhri, the uncle of the Prophet (may God bless him and grant him peace), marched with four thousand fighters, and he supplied him with fighters and sent to the tribes to join that army. , until he was approaching forty thousand fighters, formed by the Arab tribes.

The title of the research is (fundamentalist controls for the rulings of the excused and the defeated, an applied study), and it is a research interested in knowing the legal rulings related to the owners of excuses, and it was divided into an introduction, a preface, two chapters and a conclusion. As for the preamble: I dealt with the definition of the vocabulary of the title and the difference between the definitions, if any, with mentioning some mitigations of the provisions. As for the first topic: in the rules related to the excused and the defeated, and it included two demands: the first requirement: in the rules governing the provisions of the excused and the defeated, and the second requirement: evidence The rules related to the excused and the defeated are from the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet. As for the second topic: in the doctrinal applications related to the excused and the defeated, it included two demands: the first requirement: applications related to the excused, and the second requirement: applications related to the defeated. As for the conclusion: it included the most prominent results and recommendations that it reached while writing a search.

In this research, I dealt with the book “The Problem of Expressing the Qur’an” by Makki bin Abi Talib Al-Qaisi (d. 437 AH), in which he dealt with what constitutes in the Holy Qur’an and requires some effort in understanding it, clarifying it and explaining its methods. The rhetorical aspect and I devoted it to (the science of the statement), hence the research entitled (The science of the statement in the book of the problem of the expression of the Qur’an by Makki bin Abi Talib Al-Qaisi). In the book of the problem of the parsing of the Qur’an, and the second requirement: the metaphor in the book of the problem of the parsing of the Qur’an, and it included the mental metaphor and the linguistic metaphor of its two types, the transmitted metaphor and the metaphor by metaphor, and the third requirement: the metaphor and the exposure in the book of the problem of the parsing of the Quran.
In this research, I used a number of Arabic rhetoric sources and books on the meanings, sciences and interpretations of the Qur’an, and I ended the research with a list of footnotes, followed by a list of sources and references that helped me to produce it in this way.
In conclusion, I pray to God that the research be purely for the sake of His Glorious Face (glory be to Him), and that it obtains the approval of specialists in the Arabic language and its sciences.
Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the master of the messengers, our master Muhammad, may God’s

Biography of Sheikh As-Sabouni – May Allaah have mercy on him.

I dealt with the importance of the topic, the reasons for choosing the topic, and the plan. In addition to a brief biography of the Shaikh.
The first chapter: His personal life.
It consists of:
The first research: His name, lineage, nickname, and title.
The second research: His birth and upbringing.
The third research: His death.
As for the second chapter: It deals with his professional life:
It consists of:
The first research: His teachers.
The second research: his students.
The third research: his writings and work.
Then the conclusion with recommendations and results.
At the end a list of sources and references.

The research examines the signification of the imperative pending to a characteristic or condition on frequency in the view of al-Ulama . It also focuses on explaining the point of their difference and other related issues. Then al-Ulamas’ different opinions along with its fundamentalist evidences, discussing the effect of this difference on branches of jurisprudence .
One of the most outstanding arrived at in this study is that the condition- pending imperative, which al-Ulama mean it to be the cause, is repeated with the repetition of cause which agrees with each other. What is a condition pending imperative is the point of difference. The cause is different from condition in many aspects most important of which is the cause influences judgment related to presence and absence. Regarding the condition, it does not influence the judgment. This famous fundamentalist issue affects the difference of al-Ulama to a little extent, a matter which is attributed to al-Ulamas’ opinion that the imperative does not necessitate repetition and does not show any preference. Therefore, the dispute became very narrow because in the principles of jurisprudence one often finds imperative and an inference which refers to one time or repetition.

The pioneers of the Symposium of Scholars in India studied the historical curricula that laid down various sciences and literature for them as well as the basic legal and jurisprudential sciences, and the graduate later from this house has mastered, or at least acquired an expanded idea of the sciences of transmission and how to deal with them, including the science of history. In this research, we will focus on the writings of the seminarians on the political and military axis as one of the historical aspects of Islamic India. Where the events of the wide Islamic conquest constituted a rich material for writers and historians and unleashed their literary faculty in expressing and explaining the incidents in the number of published books and articles, especially since the political events continued for nine centuries and several successive governments passed through India.

The research included studying and investigating part of the from the book coercion) from, investigating.)
(almatlub alwafi sharah kanz alnasfi) by Muhammad bin Suleiman al)Rihaw 1158)AH. I adhered to the approved investigative rules and knew what
needed to be clarified and clarified, and it is a part of my study
investigate with a group of students of the Sharia department in investigating from the, investigating ( book coercion), and I ask Allah to grant success to its completion.

The research aims to describe the features and conditions of educational institutions in the countries of the Islamic world during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries AD, based on the observations and epithets of the two travels, Ibn Jubayr and Ibn Battuta in their two voyage.
The diversity of educational institutions in these countries, between mosques, madrassas, houses, angles, gorges, and the prevalence of use of schools in many parts of the Islamic world has been proven through this study. The research concluded that the most popular cities in the Islamic world used the regular educational institutions were Baghdad, Damascus, and Fez, where schools spread very widely and became a destination for scholars, jurists, modernists and students of knowledge.

The research aims to study the words approved by the Arabic language complex in Cairo in the intermediate dictionary, and has been implied by the importance of linguistic groups and their role in preserving our Arabic language, and the great attention given by the Arabic language complex in Cairo to the intermediate dictionary, which is clear through the huge amount of words that it has acknowledged within it.
The research was issued as a prelude to the linguistic totals and the Cairo complex specifically and the intermediate dictionary, and then came his various demands, which amounted to six-one demands contained in the research, and the result of our extrapolation and statistics of the collective words thousand and two hundred and fifty-five words.
The study relied on old and modern sources, as well as a number of sober journals and research that reported the research. The approach we adopted was descriptive.

Through a comparative critical perspective, the paper discusses the attitudes of the Arab scholars and translators toward Margoliouth’s article in which he denies the authenticity of the pre- Islamic poetry. The paper follows these attitudes since the moment the article was introduced to the Arab cultural milieu, then it attempts to show the main differences between Margoliouth and Ṭāha Ḥusain as a reader of the article. The paper also discusses the misreading of the article translators explaining their apologetic attitudes against it. As for the Arab scholars, the paper chooses three samples from those who wrote apologetic studies on the article. The main conclusion of the paper is the paper is that the Arab overreacted to the article and its writer whom they accused with fanaticism against Arabism and Islam and the basic reason behind this accusation is that they isolated the article form its historical, methodological and cultural context.

This research adopts the disclosure of recalling the symbols of religious, political, literary, and social personalities through their well-known symbols in the published poetry of the poet Hazem Al-Tamimi in his poetry collections. It was filled with important personalities with a dangerous challenge in an effort to establish a relationship with the other in order to reveal and announce its philosophy, and the extent of its affection by the universe. He also seeks to root his poetic experience, and to declare its affiliation with the personalities that he meant to mention. He rejected to reveal it directly and referred to it through his symbolism that was monitored in the poetic collection, as it varied between personalities of a religious nature, political, social and historical nature.
We see that recalling the characters is an integrated model for the historical, social and literary dimensions. In addition, it is a poetic model that enabled the poet to escape the limits of time and poetic experience.
The poet went behind the texts, indicating what the recalling of these personalities could symbolize, as well as his reliance on stories and features that suggest what the purpose that the poet ended up with.

This study begins by shedding light on the journey and its relationship to pre-Islamic poetry, as well as the poet's journey on his camel through the desert, mountains, and valleys, and the relationship of migration to ruins, blood, and painting. And then the poet’s relationship with his elegance that balances women in the pre-Islamic poem, so the genius in his journey on his camel was a wonderful model in describing this journey on his camel that he rides to reach his destination.

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad, the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers, and upon his family and companions all Then:
In my research, I dealt with this book, Loyalty from the Loyal Requirement, Explanation of Kenz Al-Nasfi by Muhammad bin Suleiman AlRihawi (d. 1158 H) - study and investigation - and this research necessitated dividing it into an introduction and two chapters. The first topic included four demands، As for the first requirement, it included: his name and lineage, his fame, nickname, nickname, birth, as for the second requirement, it included: his sheikhs and his disciples, and the third requirement included: his scientific traces, and the fourth requirement included: his scientific trips and his death.
As for the second topic: the verified text, which is the book of loyalty - study and investigation - followed by a conclusion of the most important results that it reached, then a list of reference applications and references.

This research shows the interest of the Arabs and their interest in the sciences of Arabic in terms of grammar, morphology, rhetoric and others.
A problem arose for them in writing, especially when non-Arabs entered Islam, and the Arabs moved away from the traditional performance of sounds, so the problem of differentiating between za’ and za’ a sound and a noun arose. Bin Ali Bin Muhammad Al-Zanjani (died 471 AH), and Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Ahmed Al-Sufi, known as Ibn Al-Sabouni (died 638 AH), and our research shows the difference between Al-Dhad and Al-Za’ in the two books of the two mentioned scholars, a study in the method and the material. And we showed methodological differences in terms of taking into account the phonetic and orthographic aspects, the difference in the number of words and the contrast in the number of evidence, and we also noticed a difference in the presentation of phonetic and grammatical issues as well as semantics.

Prison remains the dark side of the lives of many, who have tasted the experience of humiliation and the loss of freedom and dignity, especially when the prison was a tool in the hand of darkness to liquidate its opponents. Many writers and writers went through the prison experience as well as the experience of writing about it. Especially in his book (Unity Pamper Its Victims), where he conveyed that bitter experience in a literary manner that endeared us the horrors of imprisonment !! In its physical and psychological aspect.

The critical judgments on the pattern of ‘af’al’ of preference are well-known and common judgments in the Arab environment, as this pattern has been used a lot by poets, critics, caliphs and the society in general. The reason for choosing this pattern may be attributed to their strong admiration for a poet’s poetry rather than others, and, therefore, they used the pattern of ‘af’al’ of preference to indicate their admiration for the poet. This pattern suggests the meaning of a comparison between two things that share a property, and one of them is greater than the other in that property. It might also suggest that the property is restricted to the described person without regarding the other one.
Furthermore, both cases can be found in the critical judgments: the first case is the comparison between two poets and the choice of ‘af’al’ of preference to be the judgment and the basis for the comparison. For example, we can say: Umru Al-Qays is ‘ash’ar’ (more poetic) than the Genius (Althubyani), where both poets share the property of flirting and using ‘ash’ar’, which is in the pattern ‘af’al’ of preference, is the judgment of preferring Umru’ Al-Qays over the Genius (Althubyani). Using the pattern ‘af’al’ implies great absoluteness and generality, because it is not possible to give an absolute judgment such as ‘ash’ar’ (more poetic), ‘aghzal’ (more flirting), ‘amdah’ (more praiseful) , ‘awal’ (premier), ‘ahja’ (more satirical), ‘akthab’ (a bigger liar) or ‘artha’ (more pitiful) than the poetry of another poet without taking into account the reasons, the study, the research, and the investigation on the reality of this. As for the second case, it is to limit the adjective to the one described without looking at the other, such as saying ‘amdah’ (more/most praiseful) verse said by Zuhair bin Abi Sulma or ‘amdah’ (more/most praiseful) poet is Zuhair bin Abi Sulma.
 

The secret poet Al-Rafa (D. 362 A.H.) is one of the prominent poets who left a great poetic legacy in the fourth century of immigration. In the context of the central text structure, thus constituting an icon of the context of the poetic text Al-Rafa’i directly through multiple evidences of the poet’s poetry, leading to the detection of allusions and connotations of the various introductions in his text and the psychological dimensions that these introductions suggest, and repressions in the poet’s psyche, which he showed on the surface of his delicate poetry, As revealed by the study.

The conclusion is that the idea of research revolves around the people of the period in the eyes of the scholars of the faith, especially in the eyes of The Great Imam Abu Hanifa al-Numan (May Allah rest his soul), so the research came to determine who are the people of the period? What is the judgment of the scholars in them? After tracking the words of the scholars, we found several niches in this, they differed in determining the concept of the people of the period, and therefore the researcher specified the most likely saying in them. Through the research, I touched on the opinion of Imam Abu Hanifa in the parents of the Prophet (peace be upon him), as he understands from his words his words in the people of the period, and the people of the period are interested in the Islamic faith, and this is what the scholars called for diligence in this, because there is a provision for their stability either with paradise or fire.
Among the research was the honor of speaking about the parents of our Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), who are from the period, and he received great care from our scholars, because they are the reason for the existence of the purest thing found on earth, our Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
In this research, she explained the importance and role of the investigator in achieving the texts in terms of the ratio of the saying to his saying, it explained the role of scientists in scrutinizing and investigating their writings, and stated that the copier may fall into the illusion if he does not check after what he wrote.

The current study aimed to identify political competition and its implications for the deterioration of the social reality in Iraq, and to identify the psychological impact of political competition on the social reality in Iraq, and to identify the differences between males and females in being affected by political competition on the social reality in Iraq, and to identify the impact of the economic level on being affected by competition. The political situation on the social reality in Iraq, and the study sample was 261 individuals working in the political field in the Iraqi society, and the researcher reached the following results: 1- The result of the study came with the agreement of the study sample that there is a psychological impact of the presence of political competition on the social reality in Iraq, 2- The result of the study came With the agreement of the study sample that the differences between males and females in being affected by political competition on the social reality in Iraq are great, and this is due to the fact that the contribution of working women is not to the same extent as the presence of males in the field of work. Influence of political competition by the social reality in Iraq.

International relations can be defined as interactions where their sides or behavioural units are considered as international units. Yet, these units of nations are either geographically far nations within an international organization, or geographically near nations adjoining each other.
On this ground, my paper came under the title "Bases of meeting and difference in Iraq's relations with its two bordering neighbours, Iran and Turkey during the period between 1930 - 1937",
a political -historical paper where I tried to explore and clarify the nature of the international relations between Iraq and neighbouring nstions. Such nations are different from Iraq in language and culture, but they have common ground with it in religeon, history and civilization. From a different angle, I have also studied the period which is considered the hottest era among these three nations and how Iraq did its utmost to establish its international rights with these nations. I have reviewed the most means and orientations through which the two neighbours, Iran and Tuskish Republic have dealt with Iraq during the twenties and thirties of the past decade.

The root (T.W.F) and its derivatives in the Holy Qur’an have different connotations according to the context in which it is presented, as the root in the Holy Qur’an contains forty-one locations. The method used in the research was based on the lexical and semantic meaning contained in the Quranic verses. And the relationship of this meaning to the root (T. W. F). We have relied in this research on language books, interpretations and books of the meanings of the Qur’an, some grammatical and pure books.

The Her body, which was one of the most important focus of oppression and persecution in my father, and then we find that the body formed an important basis for expression in the Arab feminist poetic text, as it attended with high intensity and perhaps the most prominent thing, dominated by the character of suggestion and symbolization.
The research sought to shed light on the semantic bridging process that took place through the body in the feminine poetic body to reveal the aesthetic and artistic values as well as follow up the cultural connotations inherent in it. Three main foci were formed in pairs of opposites:
• The body (speaking / silent)
• The body (the holy / the profane)
• The body (living / dead)

The present paper aims at investigating the role that language oral proficiency progress may have in developing the interactional competence of Iraqi EFL learners. The study hypothesizes that there is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of EFL learners’ language oral proficiency both in pre-and post-test ,as well as, in the pre-and post-questionnaire. It also hypothesizes that there is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the pre-and post-test ,as well as, between the mean scores of the pre-and post-questionnaire for the interactional competence categories )turn management, topic management, breakdown repair, interactive listening and intersubjectivity(.After making some modifications, Galaczi and Taylors’ (2020) model is adopted. To elicit accurate data, both focus group discussion and a self-reported questionnaire are conducted with 51 fourth-year Mosul university students. The results provide evidence of the efficiency of language oral proficiency progress in developing students’ interactional competence.

Relatively, little is known about Leech’s politeness maxims the supervisors employ throughout their communication with their research students. In addition, it is unknown whether Leech’s (1983) politeness maxims can help determine the supervisors' mode of interaction across the stages of the supervisory process and also the dominant mode throughout the entire process. The present study seeks to investigate the supervisors’ use of politeness maxims while presenting their oral feedback. The study traces the supervisors’ use of politeness maxims throughout the stages of writing the thesis. Also, it aims at finding if they can be used to identify the mode of interaction at each stage and the dominant one employed by the supervisors throughout the entire process. The study adopts an eclectic model that combines two parts. The first part is based mainly on Leech’s (1983) politeness maxims. The second part comprises Heron's (1976) six-category intervention analysis. The data has been approached qualitatively; in addition, some instruments from the quantitative method are used, such as percentages, figures, and some mathematical statistics, to explore the correlation between Leech’s politeness maxims understudy and the supervisory mode of interaction. The data analysis concludes that politeness maxims can be used to determine the supervisors’ mode of interaction throughout the various stages of the supervisory process and identify the dominant mode of interaction across the entire supervisory process. Besides, the findings show that the authoritative mode is the dominant mode of interaction employed by the supervisors throughout the various stages of the supervisory process.