Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences)

An experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2011-2012 at Aba Al-Ghaseab- Basrah. The aim was to study the effect of foliar spraying of citric acid and the number of spraying on growth and green yield of broad bean cv. Luz de otons. The experiment included eight treatments came from the interaction among four citric acid concentration of (0, 75, 150, 225) mg L-1 applied with spraying (one, two) time. Randomized complete Block Design was used in a factorial experiment; Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was used at probability of 0.05. Results showed that foliar spraying of citric acid at 225 mg. L-1 caused a significant increase in plant height, branch number, leaf number, leaf area per plant, pods number, green pod yield per plant, green pod productivity, fresh seed yield per plant and productivity, pod length, weight of 100 seeds, percentage of dry matter on seeds and total soluble solids compared with control treatment. Spraying with two times caused a significant increase in plant height and percentage of dry matter on seeds. Compared to spraying with one’s time. The interaction of the two factors of study had a significant effect in some characteristics. The highest fresh seed yield per plant and productivity came from foliar spray with 225 mg.L-1. Citric acid every two time 2324 gm. plant-1 and 2.921 ton. Donum-1 respectively.

The study included germination of sorghum cereal and alpha- amylase was followed up during the germination stages, the results showed increase in the activity of amylase in five day from germination 1600 U/ml .after that was selected of the best methods to extract the enzyme among fore methods. The purification stages were done by two steps included precipitation by ammonium sulphate at (30-70) % saturation and gel filtration on sephadex G100. The final purification folds and the yield of the enzyme were 19.31. times and 14.60%, respectively. The purified enzyme showed following characteristics: The optimum pH of the enzyme activity was 6. The enzyme was most stable at pH (4.5 - 6). The optimum temperature for its activity was 65 c. The enzyme retained its original activity when incubates at (30-70) c for 20 minutes.

Twenty birds of Buff-backed heron Ardeola ibis (L.) were collected from AL- Anbari region ,north- east of Basra. These birds were examined for helminthes. Tow of which were found infected with Prosthogonimus ovatus (Rudolphi, 1803).Prevalence of infection 10% and mean intensity of infection 3. Record of this trematode represent the first for the genus and species in Iraq.

This study aimed to examine the performance of chitosan prepared from shrimp shell to extension the shelf life of meat in the local markets of Basra city from by testing the microbial contamination which included total aerobic plate count ,total coliform ,psychrophilic bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus for 10 days at 5C , The results showed bacterial growth average were reduced with chitosan addition increasing (0.25-1%) , chitosan inhibited the growth of bacteria at 1% and the logarithem no. reached 5.28, 4.82, 4.03 and 3.17 /g meat respectively after 10 days of cold storage comparing with the control which were 8.95, 6.44, 5.63 and 5.55 log /g meat respectively .

A vacuum solar dryer was manufactured and tested in the fish drying. Its consist of a black cylindrical drying chamber provided with hooks used to hanging fish in the cylinder was placed in the wood box having insulate, glass was putted on the top surface of wood box. Drying chamber, also provided with vacuum pump and temperature gauge and solar cell to production electricity energy to operate vacuum pump and temperature gauge. Intensity of solar radiation, temperature, air relative humidity, a practical and theoretical moisture content, moisture diffusion, drying rate and constant, The study was carried out on February 2012 in Agriculture College, Basrah University was by drying, fresh fish ( Cypriuns carpio) which were purchased from local market, A part of fish was salted with 2% and the other part without salt. Result showed the Inten sity of solar radiation was increased with increasing hours day and arrived to maximum value at midday and then reduced .Intensity of solar radiation mean was 765.8w/m2. Mean of temperature in the vacuum solar dryer was between 48±1.5 - 50±1.2 C° the drying in maximum heat load period from 10 am to 2.00 pm ,due to glass covering by 65% in the summer and 40% in the winter . Moisture content for salted and unsalted was significantly reduced(p<0.05) with increasing drying period, theory results was closed to practical for all drying methods. Drying rate was significantly reduced with reducing moisture content for all drying methods in the salted and unsalted fish. Water activity was significantly increased (p<0.05) with increasing moisture content for all drying methods in the salted and unsalted fish. The differences between drying method were not significant. Maximum moisture diffusion was in the salted and unsalted fish which dried by vacuum solar dryer , then vacuum electrical dryer, the differences between salted and unsalted were not significant. Drying constant in the vacuum solar drying was higher than vacuum electrical drying, than natural sun drying. Normalized daily drying efficiency was significantly reduced with increasing drying time. Vacuum solar dryer has higher efficiency in the drying of salted fish. Lewis model was fitted with moisture ratio the vacuum solar dryer, where's Modified Page and Midilli models were fitted to the vacuum electrical dryer and natural sun drying.

The optimal conditions for the production of rahmnolipid by the local isolate P.a. 28 were studied which represented by a media consist of 4% sunflower oil as a carbon source, 0.6 % wheat bran as a nitrogen source with pH 7 ,1% volume of inoculum and the incubation temperature was 30 ° C using shaking incubator at 180 rpm for 60 hours . The maximum production of rhamnolipid was (28.9 g/l). Rhamnolipid was identified by using thin-layer chromatography, The results observed that this isolate prodused two kinds of monorhmnolipid and dirhamnolipid.