Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences

Surface roughness is an important criteria of the product quality in the machining operations. It is
depends on cutting parameters. The objective of this research is to investigate experimentally the
influence of cutting parameters on the surface roughness in turning operation, in order to determine the
optimal settings of these parameters to improve surface roughness in the turning operations.
In this work, surface roughness was measured for steel turned components, which was carried out on a
conventional and on a computer numerically controlled (CNC) turning machine with carbide tool at
different cutting parameters such as; cutting speed, depth of cut, feed, and the usage of cutting coolant.
The experimental results were collected and analyzed. The relation between cutting parameter and
surface roughness were determined. The experimental results show that the turned component surface
roughness is significantly influenced by the cutting parameters, usage of cutting fluid, and the machine
tools. The results obtained from this work show that the surface roughness of the turned components
decreased by increasing spindle speed and it increased by increasing depth of cut and feed, while it
decreased by using cutting fluid.
Also the results show that the surface roughness for the turned components on the CNC machine was
less than on the conventional machine using the same cutting parameters.

In this work, a Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to obtain optimal PID
controller parameters of a DC servomotor drive. This work has a very important issue due to a wide
range employed in various servomechanisms. The proposed approach has superior feature, flexible
execution, stable convergence characteristic, and high-quality solution efficiency. The simulation
results using MATLAB 2014a environment show that the proposed objective function provides more
proficient in improving dynamic response, better convergence, and fast response than the other
methods based on maximum overshoot, rise time, and settling time of system step response

The construction and maintenance costs of pavement are important aspects for road construction. The
current research provides a newly technique for the use of jute fibre sheet as an interface layer between
the subgrade soil and subbase layer which is limit in previous studies. The work involved comparison
different locations for jute fibre sheet with the tradition approach of soil stabilization which imbedded
the jute fibre sheet inside the subgrade soil. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test was conducted on
samples with jute fibre sheet, jute fibre sheet coated with bitumen and fibre only. Finite Element
Models (FEM) using ABAQUS programme was implemented to show the effect of the new
improvement on the vertical compressive strain at the top of subgrade and consequently rutting
resistance. The experimental results showed a superior performance for the specimens containing
bitumen coated jute fibre sheet placed at the interface between subbase and soil compared with
unreinforced specimens (190 % penetration resistance). The bitumen coated jute fibre sheet also
showed a significant increase in CBR value compared with traditional improvement of mixing or
Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Engineering Sciences, Vol. 9……No. 4….2016
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placing jute fibre within the subgrade soil, and provided higher CBR value (125%) compared with
uncoated jute fibre sheet at the same location. The FEM results showed a significant reduction in
compressive strain at the top of subgrade and consequently, cause a potential increase in rutting
resistance. The research suggested that the use of jute fibre sheet at the interface between subbase and
soil layers is efficient and that will lowering the construction cost of highways.

This paper presents the electromagnetic model for the 3- phase distribution transformer 250 KVA
11/.416KV core type. This model based upon using \"ANSYS PROGRAM\" to obtain the flux density
distribution and losses, in this work, it has been change core material from silicon steel (Si.St.) to
amorphous steel (Am. St.). Where, the iron losses reduction with 90%. The result for computer
program are compared with practical measurements

This study was carried out to investigate the combined effect of MgO and SO3 content in cement on
soundness of the cement paste throughout their effect on autoclave expansion tests. Cement paste,
with different MgO and SO3 percentages in type I and V cements, were cast. The results showed
that there is a considerable effect of MgO content on autoclave expansion tests and on the optimum
gypsum content in cement. The increase in MgO content results in an increase in the autoclave
expansion and a reduction in the optimum gypsum content. The autoclave test is not sensitive to the
variation in SO3 content in cement at low MgO value. The sensitivity is increased with increase
MgO content. Type V cement appears to be more sensitive to the increase in MgO and SO3 contents
than Type I. The X- ray diffraction analysis was also conducted to examine the microstructure and
phase distribution of cement paste after autoclave treatment.

The evolution of the Internet has led to a great influence on the software industry and the development
of companies. Recently, networked control systems are widely adopted in industry because of the big
facilities provided for plant control. Also, accessing the local control systems and remote telemetry
units (RTUs) remotely became a primary requirement. Therefore, this paper presents a method for
connecting a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) to a server and hence to the internet for the sake of
remotely access. The work starts with building a local network for interconnecting a PLC with its
Ethernet extension, an HMI (Human Machine Interface) touch screen, a supervisory PC, a smartphone,
and a hub/switch. After that, the PC is connected to the internet and the server program is updated to
get a global network that can be accessed via the internet worldwide without the need for public (real)
IP. A web site is designed and used through the PC to reach the PLC system. The HMI touch screen is
programmed with SoMachine software provided by Schneider Electric. An Android application is also
developed with Java and published in google play of Android smartphones in order to add another
means for controlling the PLC control system. PID (Proportional-Derivative-Integral) control algorithm
is designed as a function block for home temperature control. The home temperature control is adopted
just as a case study to prove the work of the overall control system.

Some oxides in cement such as MgO, free CaO and SO3 may cause expansive reactions with
time that lead to a decrease in concrete compressive strength. If such oxides were presented in
high percentages, they may cause ultimate destruction of concrete. The present study was carried
out to investigate the combined effect of MgO and SO3 contents in cement on compressive
strength of concrete. Concrete mixes, with different MgO and SO3 percentages in type I and V
cements, were cast. The results showed that there is a considerable effect of MgO content on
concrete strength and on the optimum gypsum content in cement. The increase in MgO content
results in a decrease in the compressive strength and a reduction in the optimum gypsum content.
Type V cement appears to be more sensitive to the increase in MgO and SO3 contents than Type
I.

In this paper a microchannel heat sink with expanded microchannels and nanofluids is
numerically investigated. The object of this paper is to study and improve the cooling performance
of microchannel heat sink. Both the geometrical parameters and working fluids were studied and a
comparison was made between them. Expanded microchannels (sudden expanded and diverging)
were used instead of straight microchannels, also micro pin fins with square and triangular shapes
were used for heat transfer enhancement. Sudden expanded microchannels were studied with
different expansion ratios and expansion lengths. Three types of nanofluids (Cu-water, Al2O3-water
and Diamond-water) with volume concentration (1 – 5) % were studied as working fluids and their
effects on overall performance of heat sink were compared with pure water. The results obtained
shows that the overall performance of microchannel heat sink increased with increasing the
expansion ratio or decreasing the expansion length. For the same expansion ratio the sudden
expanded microchannels gives higher modification compared with diverging microchannels. Also
using of nanofluids lead to enhance the heat transfer and the improvement got by geometric
parameters such as using of expanded microchannels or fins is much larger than that obtained by
using nanofluids for the same heat sink

The present work investigated the possibility of using limestone as a fine aggregate, after treating
with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL), in improving the properties of light weight self-compacting
cement mortar (LWSCM). In this paper, three different mortars were fabricated, one of them
contained limestone, the second one had NaOCL-treated lime stone, and the third was a normal
mortar with fine sand which kept as reference. In addition, a total of nine ferrocement panels
containing NaOCL were fabricated, they were tested under effect of four-point loading in order to
study their mechanical properties. The effect of sodium hypochlorite on some physical and
mechanical properties of mortar in both states fresh and hardened was also investigated.
Compressive strength of (LWSCM) was examined at three commonly selected ages: 3, 7 and 28
days. Results showed that, the treated limestone improves the compressive strength compared to
cement mortar containing untreated limestone and normal fine sand. Additionally, the treating of
lime stone by the sodium hypochlorite enhances the fresh mortar properties such as mini slump
flow test and flow time, besides the mechanical properties of hardened mortar including specific
gravity, flexural strength, and compressive strength. Finally, the panels of treated-limestone mortars
experienced the largest ultimate load and stiffness of all panels.

The ability to reasonably predict the response of steel structures under fire effects is of great
importance in structural fire safety design. This paper presents neural networks prediction of axial
load capacity for steel columns in fire. An algorithm of back propagation neural network with the
log-sigmoid activation function is adopted because of its precision and results enhancement of
foretelling. The legitimacy of the technique is tried by contrasting and distributed test information
on steel columns at surrounding and elevated heat. The examinations demonstrate such technique
gives great correlation with test result. Parametric studies have been done to evaluate the impacts of
cross sectional shape, slenderness ratios and eccentricity of loading on the carrying capacity of steel
columns under fire. The slim sections of steel columns with slenderness ratio domain (100-140)
react distinctively by showing an abundantly decreased rate of loss in strength within the
temperature domain (20°C - 300°C). This domain diminishes further with expanding slenderness
ratios, and for middle columns with slenderness ratio domain (40-80), is like that of stumpy
columns however at decreased buckling stress. Be that as it may, in this scope of (L/R) ratios the
lessening in stress with expanding temperature is regular and demonstrates no sudden drop, because
of the collaboration amongst buckling and yielding. On other hand, the eccentricity of loading on
the carrying capacity of steel columns under fire shows that the slender column, (slenderness ratio)
greater than 120, the column demonstrates a diminishing impact of used eccentricity of loadings
with expanding slenderness ratios. This might be as a consequence of more impelled thermal
bowing that is straightforwardly relative to the column length. And the load-eccentricity
characteristics of the intermediate column, (slenderness ratio) domain (20 – 60), are schemed at
increasing temperature gradient. It is fascinating to observe that the eccentricity of the limit of
maximum column load capacity slightly effected with temperature gradient. It is trusted that the
important data gave in this work will be helpful in giving a superior comprehension on the genuine
behavior of steel sections in fire and a great step in improving the method of design.

Performance evaluation of a designed and fabricated vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) are
revealed in this work. Six different geometries of the VAWT rotors were designed and
manufactured. These geometries are: two straight bladed (2HB) VAWT, three straight bladed
(3HB) VAWT, Savonius rotor (SI), Savonius rotor (SII), Savonius rotor (SIII) and Savonius rotor
(SIIII). The Blades are manufactured from beech wood using CNC machines then they subjected to
different processes to improve its aerodynamic performance. Savonius blades are merged with the
straight blades rotor to improve the self-starting ability of the VAWT. A fan of (0.8 m and 2000
rpm) is installed to blow air with the required speed ranged from (0-12 m/s) A conducting duct is
designed and constructed to conduct the flow with reasonable uniformity. All geometries are tested
under different operating condition to predict the performance of the designed VAWT. Number of
blades (N), chord length (c), radius (R), and blade pitch angle ( ), are studied to evaluate the
performance of the VAWT. Double multiple stream tube methodology is used to study these
parameters. To do so, a computer code written in Matlab is built. Results show that the
performance is highly affected by the design parameters. Theoretical results are compared with the
experimental data. A good agreement is obtained.

Investigate the symmetry-breaking flow bifurcation phenomena and its control of an
electrically conducting generalized Newtonian liquids flowing through symmetric sudden
expansion channel by applied magnetic field in the transverse direction studied in this paper. The
governing nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic equations simplified for low conducting liquid metals
are written and solved numerically using PISO-GNFMHD algorithm, which was developed by the
author to include generalized Newtonian fluids, as well as the effects of the magnetic field on the
fluid flow based on the finite volume method. The effects of non-Newtonian rheology and the
magnetic force on flow bifurcation and separation are studied. In case of power-law fluid model the
flow transition depends nonlinearly on shear viscosity in particular the shear-thickening fluids delay
the onset of bifurcation where as shear-thinning fluids the early flow transition is occurred. The
magnetic force is always delay this transition. The main conclusion is the possibility to control the
phenomenon of bifurcation finally by applying an external magnetic field.