Ibn Al-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences

Total flavonoid contents, reductive ability and radical scavenging activity were studied in
the methanol extracts of Arum maculatum L. and Physalis peruviana L. The results revealed
that A. maculatum extract had total flavonoids of 535.3±109.9 μg/ml, which was significantly
higher than the recorded flavonoids in P. peruviana extract (352.0±12.7 μg/ml). Assessment
of reductive ability revealed that both extract were effective in such activity and
concentration-dependent. The highest absorbance was found at the concentration 0.64 mg/ml
of A. maculatum methanol extract (0.929±0.006), which was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05)
than the corresponding concentration of P. peruviana extract (0.850 ± 0.050) or trolox
(0.278±0.010), but the second extract also showed a significant increased absorbance
compared to trolox. The results of DPPH radical scavenging activity confirmed those of
reductive ability, and again the highest concentration (0.500 mg/ml) of both extracts (A.
maculatum and P. peruviana) recorded the best radical scavenging activity (93.33±0.58 and
95.33±2.52%, respectively), which was significantly higher than that of vitamin C
(64.67±5.03%). In conclusion, both extracts can be considered as important medicinal plants
that have the potential of anti-oxidant and free-radical scavenging activities.

Levetiracetam (LEV) is new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), usually used with other drugs
in case of inadequate control of seizures. It is usually discharge with the breast milk.
This study was conducted for the evaluation of the effect of levetiracetam on the
kidney after 3 and 7 day newborn albino rats (Rattus rattus).
A total of 20 rats were taken which were divided into two groups (A/control and B/
treated). The rat pregnant group (A) represents control group which has given distilled water
orally during the pregnancy period and continued in taking of till one week newborn and (B)
represents treated groups the drug was administered (350 mg/kg/day) orally during the
pregnancy period and continued in taking of drug till one week newborn.
The statistical analysis of the result revealed that the mean values of the glomeruli
diameter at 3 and 7 days newborn of the treated groups showed significant increase (p<0.05),
and the mean values of the renal tubules diameter at 3 days newborn of the treated groups
showed no significant increase (p≥0.05), but at 7 day newborn of the treated group showed
significant increase (p<0.05).
Histological study of the kidneys in treated group at 3, 7 days newborn, showed
histopathological effect of kidney tissue represented by cortex damage where glomerulus
emerged (degeneration , loss there nucleus, glomerular dead cell , small in size, glomerular
cells accumulation and enlargement space was present between the glomerulus and
glomerulus space , shrinking and atrophy of glomerulus). As well as, the damage was evident
in the medulla where tubules emerged (swelling epithelial cells of collecting tubules ,
enlargement in size together narrow space between the proximal convoluted tubule,
degeneration of collecting tubules , loss there nucleus and detached cells of collecting tubule
from basement membrane).
This study disclosed that LEV can induce already not reported severe malformation if
it is used constantly through the implantation, an organogenesis stages of pregnancy.
Therefore, it is proposed that great caution should be practiced in using LEV during the early
stages of pregnancy until further studies are performed to better understand these effects.

An analytical procedure has been carried out to measure the charge that may be trapped in
an insulator sample of scanning electron microscope. It mainly concerns the determination of
the deduced polarization charges by means of mirror effect phenomenon. Several relations
related to such issue have been modified so as to be applicable for regarding charges due to
polarization in linear and isotropic material. Consequently, the potential arises as a result for
both trapped free and polarization charges which is set up. Actually the well-known
magnification factor method is adopted to be a case study to implement the introduced
approach. Results have clearly showed that the polarization charge significantly influences the
Coulomb’s force that incoming electrons suffer from. Furthermore, the variation in the sample
potential mainly depends on the dielectric constant of the specimen material.

The change in the optical properties for samples of pure PVA and PVA
/K2CrO4composite have been studied .The samples were prepared with different percentage
(1,3,5,and 7)%wt of K2CrO4 by casting method technique .In this work ,we are study the
absorption ,reflectance spectra ,absorption coefficient, energy gap ,extinction coefficient ,and
transmittance spectra as a function of wavelength range (200-800)nm ,Also real and
imaginary part of dielectric constant have been studied in the range of wave length .The
results exhibit the optical properties change by the increase of K2CrO4 concentration, and the
values of energy gap for indirect transitions decrease by the increase of the concentration of
K2CrO4.

The adsorption of Congo red (CR) dye on modified synthetic zeolite 5A , the general
name of which is Linde Type A (LTA)which is modified by amino mercepto thiadiazole
(AMT) and have been characterized by using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) , x-ray
diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron
microscope (SEM) analysis.In this work Modified zeolite was utilized as adsorbent to remove
(CR) dye from aqueous solution by adsorption. Batch experiments were conducted to study
the effects contact time , initial concentration of adsorbate and temperature on dye adsorption.
The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by using several isotherm models ( Freundlich
, Langmuir , temkin , Dubinin-Radushkevitch and Redlich–Peterson )models. The best
results were achieved with the Redlich–Peterson isotherm equilibrium model. The equilibrium
adsorption capacity (qe) increases with the increase of the initial concentration of dye. The
values of qe were found to be decreased with the increase of solution temperatures. The
thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° have been calculated.

D-mannose sugar was used to prepare [benzoic acid 6-formyl-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydrofuro[
3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl ester] (compound A). The condensation reaction of folic acid with
(compound A) resulted in the formation of new ligand [L]. These compounds were
characterized by elemental analysis CHN, atomic absorption A.A, (FT-I.R.), (U.V.-Vis),
TLC, E.S. mass (for electrospray), molar conductance, and melting point. The new
tetradentate ligand [L], reacted with two moles of some selected metal ions and two moles of
(2-aminophenol), (metal : ligand : 2-aminophenol) at reflux in water medium to give a series
of new complexes of the general formula K2[M2(L)(HA)2] where M= Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and
Cd(II). These complexes were characterized by elemental analyses [(C.H.N) and (A.A)], (FTI.
R), (U.V-Vis.), molar conductance, 1H,13C-NMR, TLC and magnetic moment
measurements. From the above data the proposed geometry about Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II),
is tetrahedral structure. Biological activity of the lignd and its complexes was carried out on
staphylococcus aureu, bacillus subtilis escherichia coli and psedomonas aeruginosa.

Several new derivatives of 1, 2, 4-triazoles linked to phthalimide moiety were synthesized
through following multisteps. The first step involved preparation of 2, 2-diphthalimidyl
ethanoic acid [2] via reaction of two moles of phthalimide with dichloroacetic acid. Treatment
of the resulted imide with ethanol in the second step afforded 2,2-diphthalimidyl ester[3]
which inturn was introduced in reaction with hydrazine hydrate in the third step ,producing
the corresponding hydrazide derivative[4] .The synthesized hydazide was introduced in
different synthetic paths including treatment with carbon disulfide in alkaline solution then
with hydrazine hydrate to afford the new 1,2,4-triazole[10] .Reaction of compound [10] with
different aldehydes produced a new Schiff base derivatives[11,12] .Reaction of derivative [4]
with different aldehydes produced a new derivatives [5-8].All the synthesized compounds
have been characterized by melting points ,FTIR ,1HNMR(some of them ) and mass
spectroscopy of compound [2]. Derivatives [5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12] were tested against inhibition
of E-coli, staphyloccus aureus and were all found to be active. Schem1,2 illustrated the
reaction steps.

A new ligand [N- (1,5- dimethyl -3- oxo- 2 – phenyl - 2 ,3 – dihydro -1H- pyrazol -4-
ylcarbamothioyl) acetamide] (AAD) was synthesized by reaction of acetyl isothiocyanate
with 4-aminoantipyrine, The ligand was characterized by micro elemental analysis C.H.N.S.,
FT-IR ,UV-Vis and 1H-13CNMR spectra, some transition metals complex of this ligand were
prepared and characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis spectra, conductivity measurements, magnetic
susceptibility and atomic absorption. From the obtained results the molecular formula of all
prepared complexes were [M(AAD)2(H2O)2]Cl2 (M+2 = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg),the
proposed geometrical structure for all complexes were octahedral.

The first aim of the present study was performed to assay the activity of arginase in sera
of women with uterine fibroid.. This study consisted of(50) women with uterine fibroid as
patient's group and (30) healthy women as control group. The age ranged between (30-55)
years for the two groups. The results showed that highly significant increas (P< 0.0001) in the
arginase activity in sera of women with uterine fibroid (7.99± 0.23) I.U/L is found when
compared with healthy group (0.52±0.02) I.U/L.
The second aim was performed to isolate arginase from sera of women with uterine fibroids.
The purification is done by addition of ammonium sulfate, dialysis, gel filtration
chromatography by using sephadex G-50 and ion exchange chromatography by using DEAE
cellulose A-50. The results showed a single band for isoenzymes following steps by using
sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) .

Solvent- free thermal heating, one-pot condensation of acetophenone, ethyl
cyanoacetate or malononitrle and substituted Aromatic aldehyde, ammonium acetate give, 2-
oxo-3-cyano-4-substituted Aryl-6-phenyl pyridine [I]a-h , or 2-amino-3-cyano-4-substituted
Aryl-6-phenyl pyridine derivatives[II]a-f , respectively.
Treatment of compounds 2-oxo-3-cyano-4-substituted Aryl-6-phenyl pyridine with
phosphorous penta sulphide (P2S5), give 2-thioxo-3-cyano-4-substituted Aryl-6-phenyl
pyridine derivatives[III]a-c .
All prepared compounds are characterized by, C.H.N.S-elmental analysis, melting
points, FTIR-and1H-NMR-spectral analysis .
Antibacterial examination of synthesized compounds [I]a-c , [II]a-c and [III]a-c against
five types of, (G-) and (G+) bacterial . in comparison with common antibiotic like
Ampicillin, Amoxicilin and Lincomycin the result shows 2-thioxo-3-cyano-4-substituted
Aryl-6-phenyl pyridine derivatives are more reactive than 2-oxo-3-cyano pyridine derivatives
or 2-amino-3-cyano pyridine derivatives .

The polymeric hydrogels composed of poly vinyl alcohol (m.wt 72000) and
glutaraldehyde(5%,8% and 10%) , have been thermally prepared for the purpose of studying
their swelling and drug release behavior .
The swelling ratio was measured for all the hydrogel samples at 37°C, in three different
media pH (1.2, 4.7 and 6.8) as a function of time. The results show that the maximum
swelling ratios were arranged as follows :pH =6.8 > pH =4.7 > pH =1.2 hydrogels cross
linked PVA showed a typical pH responsive behavior such as high pH has maximum
swelling while low pH shows minimum swelling.

An ????-module ???? is extending if every submodule of ???? is essential in a direct summand
of ????. Following Clark, an ????-module ???? is purely extending if every submodule of ???? is
essential in a pure submodule of ????. It is clear purely extending is generalization of extending
modules. Following Birkenmeier and Tercan, an ????-module ???? is Goldie extending if, for each
submodule ???? of ????, there is a direct summand D of ????such that ????????????.
In this paper, we introduce and study class of modules which are proper generalization
of both the purely extending modules and ????-extending modules. We call an ????-module ???? is
purely Goldie extending if, for each ???? ???? ????, there is a pure submodule P of ????such that ????????????.
Many characterizations and properties of purely Goldie extending modules are given. Also,
we discuss when a direct sum of purely Goldie extending modules is purely Goldie extending
and moreover we give a sufficient condition to make this property of purely Goldie extending
modules is valid.

In this paper, the main work is to minimize a function of three cost criteria for scheduling n
jobs on a single machine. We proposed algorithms to solve the single machine scheduling
multiobjective problem. In this problem, we consider minimizing the total completion times,
total tardiness and maximum tardiness criteria.
First a branch and bound (BAB) algorithm is applied for the 1//ΣCi+ΣTi+Tmax problem.
Second we compare two multiobjective algorithms one of them based on (BAB) algorithm to
find the set of efficient (non dominated) solutions for the 1//(ΣCi ,ΣTi ,Tmax) problem.
The computational results show that the algorithm based on (BAB) algorithm is better than
the other one for generated the total number of non dominated solutions

In this paper we introduced the concept of 2-pure submodules as a generalization of pure
submodules, we study some of its basic properties and by using this concept we define the
class of 2-regular modules, where an R-module M is called 2-regular module if every
submodule is 2-pure submodule. Many results about this concept are given.

Web application protection lies on two levels: the first is the responsibility of the
server management, and the second is the responsibility of the programmer of the site (this is
the scope of the research).
This research suggests developing a secure web application site based on three-tier
architecture (client, server, and database). The security of this system described as follows:
using multilevel access by authorization, which means allowing access to pages depending on
authorized level; password encrypted using Message Digest Five (MD5) and salt. Secure
Socket Layer (SSL) protocol authentication used. Writing PHP code according to set of rules
to hide source code to ensure that it cannot be stolen, verification of input before it is sent to
database, and update scripts periodically to close gaps in the site. Using 2Checkout company
(2CO), which is trusted international electronic money transfer to allow customers pay money
in a secure manner.

The study was designed in the northwestern part of Karbala city for the purpose of
knowing the efficiency of some plant species of trees and shrubs planted by the municipality
of the city to contribute to the deposition of dust particles suffered by the city's environment,
in particular, as well as its ability to accumulate heavy metals in dust or soil, and to consider
the study model for application in different parts of Iraq. It was found that the plant species
(Acacia , Eucalyptus , Clkonukiyrs and Dodenia) in the studied area that were given the
symbols (A,B,C and D respectively). Used the method of calculating the leaf area index to
calculate the amount of dust drawn by the stock plant, then chemical digestion dry and wet
techniques spectroscope Flame atomic and spectroscope atomic Flame is to detect the level of
metals (lead, Pb, cadmium Cd, Selenium, Se, chromium, Cr, cobalt, Co, As, iron Fe, zenc, Zn,
and manganese Mn) accumulated in the leaves of each type of plant.
It was recorded in the resent study four genera of plants ( Acacia , Alkonukiyrs ,
eucalyptus andDodenia) and given the symbols A, B, C and D , respectively), the results
show the superiority leaves (B) in the deposition of particles of airborne dust where recorded
3168.50 and 1581.86 Mikgm/cm2 paper , followed by leaf (D) 1630, and 1562.06 Mikgm
/cm2 and then leaves (C) 1254.82 and 1317.83 Mikgm / cm2 , followed by leaf (A) and
recorded 581.25 and 1071.87 Mikgm/cm2 weight dry and wet respectively . As for the
accumulation of heavy metals (lead , cadmium , selenium , chromium , cobalt , tin , iron ,
zinc , and manganese ), the results show that the plant (A ) had the highest capacity in the
accumulation of most of the elements studied , followed by the plant (C) and plant (D ) and
leaf (B). was the order of items cumulatively in plants follows : Fe > Se > Zn >Mn> Cu>
As >Pb> Co > Cd > Cr, as recorded rates respectively ( 95.4 , 58.2 , 32.5 , 31.8 , 10 , 6.2 ,
1.72 , 1.67 , 1.43 and 0.32 Mikgm /cm2

This study aimed to obtain an isolate of a mold that has well characteristic for production of
citric acid from raw materials available locally by solid-state fermentation and determination
of the optimum conditions for production .Fourteen mold isolates producing acid were
obtained from different sources, involved decayed fruits and soils. These isolates were
subjected to initial qualitative screening followed by secondary quantitative screening In
secondary screening a method combined between the submerged fermentation and solid-state
fermentation was followed using a piece of sponge saturated by nutrients required for growth
and production of acid. It was found that the isolate of A7 was the highest producer for citric
acid than any other isolates including three standard isolates obtained from the Laboratory of
Biotechnology/ College of Agriculture. Morphological analysis under the light microscope
and cultural characteristics on solid media showed that the isolate A7 belongs to Aspergillus
niger. Different raw materials were used for the production of citric acid from this isolate by
solid-state fermentation included sunflower waste, wheat bran, rice bran as well as ground
corn. It was found that the latter was better than others,therefore it was used for optimization
of production conditions of the acid. The optimum conditions were achieved on ground corn
moistened with water at a ratio 1:0.75 with an initial pH 3 inoculated with 107 spores/ml
during an incubation time of 3 days at 25 C0..The productivity of citric acid under these
conditions was 20.8 gm/100 gm of the media. Supporting the media with 1% of yeast extract
and adding 3% of methanol to moisten solution was found to increase the productivity to 23.0
g /100 g, while the effect of ethanol was limited. Citric acid produced in this study was
detected quantitatively and qualitatively by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
(HPLC) and it was found that the amount of citric acid produced after three days of
incubation under optimum production conditions was ١٣٫٥٤ gm/ 100 gm of media. This value
was less than that estimated by the chemical method using pyridine. It was also noted that,
beside citric acid, there was another compound produced in visible quantity. Although this
compound was not recognized in this study, it is thought to be any of organic acids of Kreb's
cycle and this compound may be interact with citric acid when determined by pyridine.
According to results of determination of citric acid by HPLC it can be said that the actual
production of citric acid was as mentioned above (13.54 gm/ 100 gm) but not as estimated by
the chemical method using pyridine

The current study dealt with the effect of water extract of pomegranate peel plant on
Oscillatoria amoena growth that isolated from Diwaniya river, The effect of the pomegranate
extract was measured by calculating the total number of cells and the absorbance values of the
alga.
Three concentrations were used 3.5, 7 and 14 mg/ml from extract of pomegranate fruit
peel in addition to the control group. The results showed that exposing the alga to concentrate
14 mg/ml led to lower growth sharply, while the rest of the concentrations 3.5 and 7 mg/ml
also decreased the growth gradually. The absorbance values showed a decline similar to the
number of cells during the period of the exposure.

The present study aimed to investigate the morphological description and histological
structure of kidney in adult albino mice (Mus musculus), The anatomical study revealed that
the kidney in albino mice is represented by bean-like shape, smooth with red to brown color,
It is situated within the anterior half of abdominal cavity under the diaphragm on both sides of
vertebral column. The kidney is covered by capsule of loose connective tissue with mean
thickness of (9.6±0.5) micrometer.
Histological examination revealed that albino mice kidney tissue differentiated into cortex and
medulla, the cortex contains glomeruli with mean diameter of (50.5±1.9) micrometer densely
distributed at the peripheral area of the cortex , the cortex also contained sections of proximal
and distal convoluted tubules with mean diameters of (28.2±1.1) and (25.6±0.6) micrometer
respectively, on the other hand the medulla contains sections of thick and thin segments of
Henle’s loop in addition to the sections of collecting tubules which forms the medullary rays.
The nephron represented the principle structural unit of kidney which consists of renal
corpuscle (Glomerulus encapsulated by Bowman’s capsule ) connected with proximal
convoluted tubule which leads to Henle’s loop, Henle’s loop is represented by thin and thick
segment, the later leads to its posterior part to distal convoluted tubule (DCT) which is
attached with the collecting tubules.
The results of physiological study showed that the total average of urea concentration in
blood serum was (32.50±0.65) mg/dl, whereas the total average of creatinine concentration
was of (0.777±0.04)mg/dl, while the potassium ion correlated values in albino mice blood
serum have reached (4.67±0.08) mg/dl.

One hundred samples of root canal bacteria were isolated from patients teeth with
primary and secondary infected root canal from all the ages . Biochemical and microscopial
tests were done for identification of these isolates. Twenty four isolates were confirmed as
E. faecalis species by using these tests. Genetic diagnosis for the all isolates was also done by
using polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ). Thirty two isolates were confirmed to belong to E.
faecalis species by using this test.

The present study aimed to investigate the morphological and histological structure of
pancreas in the bat,(Pipistrellus kuhlii).
Pancreas was represented by compact pancreatic tissue which is divided into three parts :
head , body and tail, its color is whit to yellow. The pancreatic tissue is located in the
abdominal cavity near to the mass of intestine in the mesenteric network , which is connected
with the coiled region of the duodenum in one side and with the extended mesenteries
between the dorsal part of stomach and the abdominal part of spleen from the other side.
The pancreas gland is surrounded by a loose connective tissue, the trabeculae are extended
from it and divided the gland into many lobules which are different in shape and size .
The pancreatic tissue is characterized into two portions: The exocrine portion and
endocrine portion , the exocrine portion is represented by compound tubule- acinar
gland ,which contains many acini ,and the ductal system , each acinus is represented by a
serous secretory unit containing a number of pyramidal cells that surround a small lumen .
The ductal system initiated with centeroaciner cells that occupy the acinus center, these cells
are connected with intercalary ducts which are connected with intra lobular ducts, these ducts
lead to the interlobular ducts, which their diameter is larger than the diameter of intralobular
ducts. The interlobular ducts release their secretory contents in the main duct which is opened
in the upper part of the duodenum.
The endocrine portion is represented by clusters of cells known as Islet's of Langerhans
which appeared as a mass of pale coloured cells spread among the exocrine portion units and
separated from the exocrine portion by a thin layer of connective tissue. Each islet contains
four types of cells arranged as irregular groups separated from each other by a network of
blood capillaries, these cells are:
Alpha cells ( A-cells),they 're rounded in shape located in the peripheral portion of the islet ,
Beta cells(B-cells) are oval shaped, lie at the center of the islet , while Delta cells (D-cells) are
irregular shaped and faint coloured, located between Alpha and Beta cells, they are less in
number and they may appear as a single cells or as small clusters, mostly located at the
peripheral portion of the islet

The current study was conducted on irrigational project called (Beat Zwena River),
located in Jadedat- alshat, within the province of Dyala, which is divided from the right side
of the Tigris River, the project significant environmental importance was passed in several
agricultural areas estimated about 1600 acres, and it is also used for the purposes of irrigation
and drinking. One of the major drawback for the current study is the almost lack data about
the physiochemical parameter, in addition to measure (chlorophyll a and phyophtin of the
River under investigation, in five locations for the period of October 2013 until June 2014.
The range of studied properties was: 10.83 -38.75°C and 9.17 -28.5°C for air and water
temperature, water depth (165 - 284.33 cm), light transmittance, (14.5 - 152cm) , turbidity
(0.27-106.98) NUT, electrical conductivity, EC,(514.83 - 1027.5) μS/cm , salinity (1.15-4.88
part per thousand), total dissolved solids, TDS (287.83- 861.6) mg/l and total suspended
solids TSS (2- 49.87) mg/l, pH (6.25- 7.98), dissolved oxygen, DO (3.65- 11.25)mg/l and
biological oxygen demand. BOD5 (1.07- 4.35 mg / l, total alkalinity, TA (115.33- 187.5 ) mg
CaCO3/l, total hardness, TH,( 221.83- 338.83) mg CaCO3/l, calcium, Ca (52.08-101.36) mg
CaCO3/l, and magnesium , (74.62- 177.89) mg CaCO3 /l, total nitrate NO3(0.20- 6.50) mg /l,
effective nitrate NO3 (1.55- 6.55) mg/l and effective phosphate PO4 (0.02 - 4.16) mg/l, sulfate
SO4 (131.5- 283)mg/l, chlorophyll a, ( 0.12- 25.65) and Phaeophytin-a, (0.85- 25.93). mg/l,
respectively.
Results of the study showed that most of the studied characteristics and private (Salinity,
EC, TH, PO4, BOD5, Turbidity, TDS and Mg) were once influential or higher rates than
permitted environmentally, according to WHO, FAO Organization, as well as the Iraqi
specifications for the river water, which show that human activities in the region significant
effect on water and environment of project.

Two orders of zooblankton,were studied Cladocera and Copepeda in two classes
Calanoida and Cyclopoda, where it was studied inside floating cages and for breeding fish
placed in the Tigris River in the Rashidiya area. Has been study The population density of
zooplankton groups and measure some chemical and physical characters, was studie where
she collected samples of zooplankton and water from two locations of cages (inside the cages,
after 100m from cages).
The study was conducted within six months from January to the end of June 2014 during
which there was study of the Wallace pH, water temperature, biological oxygen demand and
dissolved oxygen, as to the zooplankton study the species disappeared inside cages of fish and
existed after 100 meters from the cages also the different between the individual through the
month study the highest range in June reached to 16.55 individual/ liter and the lowest range
record in January reached to 6.60 individual/ liter, in addition to having changes in the
physical and chemical factors, where the high water temperature ranged to 32C° where the
density of three zooplankton in this range is 16.10 per individual/ liter and the low range
record in January amounted to 10C° and three phytoplankton density are 6.50 per individual/
liter and highest rate of pH recorded in April to 8.02 and the lowest rate was recorded in
May reached to 7.42 also recorded the density of phytoplankton in this rate between 9.02 and
7.46 individual/ liter, respectively.
Also ranged dissolved oxygen values in the water has highest rate recorded in March
amounted to 7.70 mg/L, while the three phytoplankton density reached to 12.14 individual/
liter, and its lowest rate was recorded in May to 5.95 mg/L and density of the three individual
phytoplankton to 7.46 per individual/ liter. The value of the BOD has shown highest in
February reached to 6.50 mg/L and lower rate in April reached to 4.20 mg/L and recorded
phytoplankton density during these rates between 8.61 and 9.02 individual/ liter, respectively

The objective of this investigation was to study the effects of amixture of three arbuscular
mycorrhizal species : Glomus etunicatum , G. leptotichum and Rhizophagus intraradices on
the induced resistance of Lycopersicon esculentum roots infected with Fusarium oxysporum
f.sp.lycopersici which is causal agent of wilt in the presence of organic matter peatmose (O).
The work was achieved in aplastic house ( Shed) using pot culture planted for 10 weeks.
Results indicated significant increase of all mycorrhizal colonization parameters ( F% , M% ,
m% , a% , A% ) . Highest percentage of mycorrhization was detected in roots infected with
the pathogen 4 weeks after mycorrhizal colonization . On the other hand least colonization
was shown in the dual inoculation treatment when both organisms were added together at
the beginning of plantation . Mycorrhization resulted in significant reduction of disease
severity in all treatments compared to the control ones. , and the trio treatment (O×F.o.l.×M)
showed the highest reduction in percentage of disease severity after 4 weeks of infection
with the pathogen . Moreover , mycorrhizal colonization significantly increase the activity
of antioxidant enzymes tested ( SOD , POD , CAT , PAL , PPO , GPOX ) in infected roots ,
Highest enzymes activity was recorded in dual treatments ( F.o.l. × M ) followed by the trio
treatment (O×F.o.l.×M) . On the other hand all treatments amended with organic matter
resultrd in signifant reduction off all enzymes activity tested.

This study included preparation for the unsaturated polyester samples before and after
reinforced by Alumina oxide powder and copper oxide powder of different volume fraction
amounting (3%,5%,8%).
And this reearch included study of some of mechanical properties such as
(hardness,compressive and wear).The results showed that increase of the hardness and
compressive strength after the reinforced and increase with the volume fraction increase.As
the wear test show that the wear rate increases with applied load from the different
load(5,10,15)N,and the wear rate decreases with the volume fraction increase.

Single crystal of CsHSO4 component was grown by slow evaporation method of aqueous
solution with normality N=1 . The study shows that the importance of the process of Recrystal
growth of CsHSO4 crystals. The results show the improve of the characteristics of
crystals (transparent, size, shape, number and quality) .
By X-Ray diffraction, the crystal structure of these crystals have been confirmed by
measurement constants of unit cell of crystal lattice. The vibration modes of crystals were
studied by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) technique. Finally, achieving the study of
microstructure of crystals by polarization of microscopy that is supported with hot stage at
different temperatures. The changes occur on these crystals by changing in positions of atoms
and changing in the colors of crystals especially at temperatures near the phase transition were
studied.

TMA Technique was used to study the behavior of the thermal expansion (α) of the
unsaturated polyester resin(UP) containing ratios wt % of different phenolic Bakelite. We
can through this technique evaluate the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (α) on the one
hand and the glass transition temperature(Tg) of his other hand of polymer composite
prepared .Evidenced from this study that extravagant increases the ratio of phenolic Bakelite
in polyester prepared led to a decrease in the Tg and it was observed that there is increase in
the values of (α) in low temperture and decrease in high temperture due to transformation
of polymeric material from elastic to plastic , and therefore, increase the ratio to 15%
phenolic which gave a low value of (α)compared to the other the samples prepared.

The crystal compounds Tl2-xAg2-ySryBayCa2Cu3O10+& are successfully prepared in
different concentrations (x, y=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) by solid state reaction process. The samples
were then subjected to Nano technique under hydrolic pressure 8 ton/cm2. samples have been
annealed in (850 C0) for 72 hours.
The results show a best value at x, y=0.3 ratio of Ag, Ba. Electrical resistivity at x, y= 0.3 of
Ag, Ba are obtained when the best value of Tc= 141 K. Samples morphology were also observed
by AFM (in three dimensions), the best value of Nano is 91.74 nm at x, y= 0.3. Morphological
structures of the surface were also observed by (SEM) and (EDX) show that there are dark
regions and light which indicate the presence of heavy elements and light elements on the
installation.

In this research, the mechanical properties of natural rubber blends in different
proportions (70:30, 85:15, 100: 0 55:45 and phr) was studied through the use of two types of
fillers (carbon black and titanium dioxide Nano) which show through tests conducted on the
prepared models that increase fillers content which leads to improve the tensile properties
(tensile strength, elastic modulus, elongation, hardness and compressibility). As shown by the
results that the presence of polypropylene (PP) in the mix combination works to reduce the
degree of intumescent and increase its content in the composition of mixtures which leads to
get a great resistance to chemicals (acids, bases and oils).

The preparation of compound (1) ((P3N3Cl5(NAM)) and compound (2) (P3N3Cl5(DPA))
and compound (3) ((P3N3Cl4(Bc)2) of the reaction hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (A) and
Nicotinamide (B), di phenylamine (C) and Benzocaine (D) at different rates and by the
presence of triethylamine. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR infrared
spectrum and 1H,31P NMR spectrum.

This study aimed to synthesize a novel amide prodrug of metformin with aspirin by
amide bond. The structure was characterized by (FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and CHNO)
,Purification of the prepared compound was using column chromatography.
Using of 40 rabbit having the same weight and devided into 4 groups (4x10) the first
group (G1): (the control healthy group) was given drink water and didn’t give any material,
second group(G2):( the control infected group) was given hydrogen peroxide concentration
% 0.5 until infecting diabetes mellitus, third group(G3): was given hydrogen peroxide
concentration as in (G2) and ( 250 mg/kg) of aspirin and (348.8 mg/kg) of metformin, fourth
group(G4): was given hydrogen peroxide concentration as in (G2) and (596.3 mg/kg) of the
proposed prodrug.
After 3 hours, blood was taken from all groups, the serum was separated, and prepared to
study it with biochemical and enzymatic study.
Statistical data analysis revealed significant decrease in the levels of (lactate
dehydrogenase, creatinkinase) , and significant decrease in the concentration of (Glucose) ,
and significant increase in the concentration of (total protein, albumin, globulin) affected by
the prepared Compound [A] as compared with the control infected group.
Statistical analysis revealed significant decrease in the levels of (Lactate dehydrogenase)
and significant increase in the levels of (creatinkinase) , and significant increase in the
concentration of (Glucose, albumin, total protein and globulin) affected by prepared
compound [A] as compared with the control healthy group