Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences)

Present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of some water plant extract and their
powders. Namely Quercus brantti , Eucalyptus camaldelulensis , Plantago lanceolata and Rumex
dentatus on the biology of the house fly Musca domestica L. to find out the best way for their
control.
Water extract had a high mortality percentage on eggs of the house fly, Q. brantti and P.
lanceolata were the highest with 78.8 %,72.2 % respectively followed by E. camaldelulensis and R.
dentatus the lowest with 65.5 % and 51.1 % respectively.
On larvae Q. brantti extract was the most effective with 71.8 % while R. dentatus extract
was in respect of the last with mortality rate 48.8 % , also the Q. brantti was most effective on
accumulative mortality rate with 83/.3% while R. dentatus extract record 63.7% respectively. Pupal
weights was revealed proportioned with the concentration of the aqueous , the highest concentration
the lowest the pupal weight, Plant powder had an affect on mortality of adults of house fly, when
its used as colour traps. Results also revealed that aqueous extracts of E. camaldelulensis and R.
dentatus had areplent affect , while extract of Q. brantti and P. lanceolata have been an attractive
affect.
Results also revealed that mortality rates of eggs and larvae increased with increasing
concentration , the 5 % conce. was the highest mortality followed by 10 % but 1 % conce. was the
lowest.

The coast and the seabed of North-West Arabian Gulf marine water have a uniquehydrodynamic
and sedimentary environment,due toits morphological shapeand the hydrological effects of shatt Al
Arab –karun river system and Shatt Al Basrah –khor Al-Zubair chanal ,besides other khors nearby the
study area .All these variabls are considered as acontributing factorsin sediment yield of the study
area.
A high dust fallout contribution in the area and sand bars extension along the longtituinal axis of khor
Abddullah lead to wide variations in sediment grain size distribution from silty clay to sandy mud
textures.These phenomena conferming high hydrodynamic activities in the study area. Clay minerals
identification indicates that the occurence of illite mineral is due to rapid sedimentation processes
,and a kolinite mineral origin is from eaolian source.

Present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of some organic solvent extract and
secondary plant compound of some plant namely Q. brantti , E. camaldelulensis , P.
lanceolata and R. dentatus on the biological activities of the house fly Musca domestica to find out
efficiency of plant extract against house fly.
Organic solvent extract had also as affect on mortality of fly eggs Ethanol extract of
E. camaldelulensis and R. dentatus had the best mortality rate ,while ethyl acetate and crube was the
best for P. lanceolata and Q. brantti respectively.
The ethanol & crude extract were the best mortality rate against larva of E. camaldelulensis reached
71.8 % and 71.6 % respectively then the ethanol extract of R. dentatus (71.04 %) and ethyl
acetate to P. lanceolata (68.8 %), also the ethanol extract of E. camaldelulensis and R. dentatus showed
high accumulated mortality rate to larvae (79.6%, 77.4%) respectively, while ethyl acetate extract of P.
lanceolata got best mortality rate (81.4%) than the crude extract of Q. brantti (78.1%).
Results also revealed that phenolic extract of E. camaldelulensis got best mortality rates for
house fly eggs but for R. dentatus was the lowest while alkaloid extract for Q. brantti had the
highest mortality but for P. lanceolata was the lowest mortality rate .
On larval instars phenolic extract of P. lanceolata had the highest effect on the larval instar
but Q. brantti was the lowest while alkaloid extract of R. dentatus was the highest mortality rate but
P. lanceolata was the lowest rate .
The Pupal weight revealy proportioned with the concentration of the extract.

The present include the composition of fish assemblage in Um Alnaaj, –Al-Hawizah marsh
during the period characterized with low number of fish species collected with compare with other
previous studies .cyprinidae, the dominant family was represented by eight species. The fish
fauna consisted of ten native and three alien species , three seasonal and three occasional also
.Hamiri (Barbus luteus ) was the most abundant species numerically comprising 33.7%. The
diversity index ranged from 1.0 in July to 1.82 February , evenness index ranged from 0.5 in July
to0.94 in February while richness index ranged from 0.95 in December to 2.48 in January

In this study, the antimicrobial effect of aqueous, alcoholic extract, fresh juice and powder
solution were assayed against six isolates of Helicobacter pylori. All the extracts gave activity against
the tested isolates under concentration 400 mg/ml. An aqueous extract gave activity higher than
alcoholic extract while the fresh juice gave the highest effect on the tested isolates.
The MIC value was determinate by the range from (150 - 350 ) mg/ml. Also the sensitivity
was tested toward a number of common antibiotics, the results showed that the garlic extracts have
activity near to antibiotics.

Chitosan was found to be the best immobilizer for ȕ -galactosidase with efficiency 76.60% .
Characteristics of the immobilized enzyme was studied , It was found that the best amount of enzyme
to chitosan granules was 0.75 ml /0.5 gm, The optimum pH and temperature of the immobilized
enzyme were found to be the same as for the free enzyme , however , a wider range of stability of
both characters was observed . Immobilized enzyme activity by galactose was decreased in
comparison with the free enzyme , The immobilized enzyme was found to retain 71.35% of ȕgalactosidase activity after 10 fold of use, The stability of the free and immobilized enzyme was
studied at different storage periods. It was found that the immobilized enzyme retain all its activity
at 5ºC, but about 9% of its activity was lost at 25 ºC ,while the free enzyme lost more than 12% and
29 % of its activity when stored at 5 ºC and 25 ºC respectively for 30 days . It was found that , for
both free and immobilized enzyme , the highest hydrolysis of the lactose was when using lactoseacetate buffer solution which reached 66.2% and 81.54% respectively for 6 hours incubation at 50 º C
, The lowest hydrolysis was found in in skim milk which were 40.72% and 61.84% , While in the
whey it was 49.35% and 66.47% respectively.

An experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2010 at Al- Der, Basrah.The aim of
experiment was to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization and earthing up on growth and yield of
snak cucumber cv. "local" .The experiment include 6 treatments were from interaction among three
level of nitrogen fertilizer ( 0, 30, and 60 ) Kgs / donium and two earthing up (earthing up or no
earthing up ) .
Results Shoeed that increasing nitrogen levels increasd significant number
Of latral branches , leaves , female and male flowers , the number of fruits per plants,yield per plant
and total yield. While nitrogen fertilization reduces significant early yield . Erthing up increased all
significant characteristics compard with no erthing up.
The enteraction between each treatments of the study has significant effect on male flowers , early
yield , yield per plant , and total yield .

This study was conducted to isolate and identify the molds and yeasts associated with Thelah
fish Scomberoides commersonianus (Forskal,1775) which dried in laboratory using solar dryer and
compared with sun dried fish which obtained from the local market in Basrah during 6 months storage
periods at laboratory temperature (25±2)ÛC from Jan.2007 to May 2008. The effects of temperature
and pH on the molds were also studied. The following finding were obtained : Nine species of molds
were isolated from dried Thelah fish, eight of them related to the genus Aspergillus except one species
which related to the genus Penicillium .There were significant differences at (P>0.05) for means
logarithmic numbers of molds in dried Thelah fish . A.niger had given the highest mean for
logarithmic numbers of molds. Three types of yeasts were isolated and identified as: Candida albicans
, C. catenuiata and Rhodotorulla sp. The first one gave the highest mean. From the other hand the
number of molds and yeasts in the samples directly dried by sun light were found to be more than the
solar dryer samples within the progress of storage periods up to 6 months. The study also showed that
the means of radial growth of molds increased with increasing of temperature degrees up to 35 ÛC ,
while they decreased with increasing of pH values up to 4.5. The statically analysis results revealed
significant differences (P>0.05) among the means of molds radial growth at all tested temperature
degrees and pH values.

This paper presented a hybrid method consisting of three intelligent systems (artificial
neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms), since these systems are effective in
solving different issues but all the system suffers from some problems that reduce
efficiency, so it was to integrate these systems with some To give the system benefit from
the advantages of each method and encroaches on the disadvantages.
We used in this research method of a hybrid resulting from a combination of fuzzy
logic and neural networks, as used fuzzy logic to fuzzified training data and weights used
in the neural network, and this method is called fuzzified neural networks, which gives
the network a greater ability to generalize and accelerate the convergence process, but this
method suffers of a problem in determining the number of fuzzy sets and optimal fuzzy
weights, as the experiment method used to select it. To resolve this problem, genetic
algorithm was used to determine the best number of fuzzy sets and the best fuzzy weights
through research, which makes the network more efficiently trained.