Tikrit Journal for Political Science

Iraq's relations with neighboring countries were characterized by the year 2003, as it is a fierce war towards the East and an invasion towards the south from its geographical location, as well as cases of tension and stagnation with most other neighboring countries. Rather, as soon as he signed a treaty or agreement, it is violated because of the end of or under the arguments and pretexts. The entire political process. The United States instead of reassuring the neighboring countries of Iraq, which has classified part of it within the axis of evil, and the rogue countries and their concerns about the repercussions of the Iraqi event and change, have announced frankly that what is happening in Iraq can be repeated in these countries that are considered a candidate and the waiting list, The countries and regulations hostile to the United States will fall one after the other, similar to (Domino theory), and the visions of these new repercussions and changes are not left for these countries that are targeted by the American plan in the region, except to restore their accounts towards the new neighboring experience and prepare to use their papers either Inside or outside Iraq to confront the scenarios and potential situations that you may target, and this comes through pre -emptive interventions and confronting their new opponent in the region and on the ground.

American dominance made an important objective in American political thought by virtue of the terms of reference that have shaped the mentality of the external decision-maker from using of all means in order to achieve this goal. Its came to rationalize the successive American administrations in the best use of the components of American power in order to perpetuate this domination. the most important contributions to this area was the intellectual theory of Joseph Nye and Zbigniew Brzezinski، who were to have an important role in the sharp debate about American hegemony and its future، by highlighting America's strengths compared with competitors hinted Lin، who can threaten American dominance in this century.

The Turkish governments had witnessed dramatic changes during several decades ,So the article researched in realistic situations to estimate the contemporary events according to what happened now a days .Therefore , many challenges must be tackled in order to assessment the political scene specially after several military intervention in political life ,So these developments required making of amendments in constitutional law to change the political system toward presidential order instead of parliamentary system , and this was happened in constitutional amendments which hold in sixteenth of April 2017 as a result of it .Turkish policies were stable politically and lawfully according to practicing democracy ,and it could be easily to know the nature of political participation as followed constitutionally .So the potentially strongest forces are being enabled to renew the political elites ,and the economic miracle would redistribution of roles among active actors in political life .Erdoğan's supporters point out since the attempted coup which happened in amid of July 2016 ,So the governing party and its government tried to reconstruction of trust between the peoples and political elites mutually , in order to override all challenges and to stabilize the process of democracy.

The geopolitics means the linkage of geographical elements to the act and activities of policy-making and foreign policy of a state, and the geopolitics theories associated also with the politics of power and influence.

The Arab countries possess a unique site in the map of the world since it linked three continents ( Asia, Africa and Europe ) ,it also overseeing universal straits(Gibralter, Aden ,Bab el Mandeb ,Hormuz and Suez Canal ) through which 70% of the world trade is passing , besides the wealth of fertile soil and mineral and diligent population.

The Arabs states s geopolitics needs to activate and monopolize to achieve prosperity and power.

The leaders and policy –makers of Arab states have to reread their geography and determine the vital points of their geopolitical position.

There is no doubt in saying that the events of the Arab revolution, or the so-called media Arab Spring represents the largest shift in Arab political life since several decades. Which has become its complications and the effects of large-scale Arab regional order and his institution regulatory (League of Arab States), not to mention the effects of international. Though the course of these revolutions and the final result has yet unknown, and unpredictable, what is absolutely clear is that it will be the important factors to reshape the political life in the Arab regional states, the expectation of a qualitative changes in the forms of states, and systems adjudicated. However, the current outlook on the future of the Arab regional system, in the long direct, does not look good, whether the standard is waiting for stability resident, or the return of the ability-albeit psychologically- on the expectation. Making it to be persistence in the draft comprehensive reform to keep pace with international development and there is a need to reform the Arab system and building official, after it has become reform therapy condom each is subjected to the Arab world from penetrating.. the future of the system depends on the evolution and change the units of political. If able to Arab political systems to promote democratic political institutions and expand popular participation, it will reflect positively on the performance and development of the Arab system and structure. In all cases, the League of Arab States bear mgarm Arab system and mganmh, therefore reform the university and the advancement no longer need to perpetuate Arab regime, but elevate it to respond to the will of the nation in the renaissance and unite and resist change project and retail bank and the uprooting of the root.

The concept of international relations is very broad. In its modern usage, it encompasses not only the relations between states but also includes the relations between states and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, multinational corporations, and other actors. As a result of the scientific and technological advancements witnessed by humanity, along with the accompanying economic, social, and cultural developments, the state is no longer the sole actor in international relations. There are other international actors who have emerged successively, in harmony and accordance with these advancements. The international stage is no longer exclusive to the state alone. Alongside the state, international individuals have emerged who possess the ability to act, perform, and influence in international relations. The latest addition to these international actors is the individual international actor.

Iraq is considered one of the Arab countries that has witnessed significant political transformations and violent events since the establishment of the modern Iraqi state in 1921 until the present day. It began with a monarchical system that later transitioned to a republican system in 1958. Under the republican system, there was a presidential regime that lasted until 2003. After the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, the system of governance shifted from a presidential system to a parliamentary system.

The parliamentary experience is relatively new for Iraq, as it had not experienced a genuine parliamentary system for a long time. Therefore, what existed before 2003 cannot be considered a parliamentary experience. The recent parliamentary experiment is accompanied by a set of challenges and obstacles that test the efficacy of the parliament. Studying the parliamentary system, in particular, and the political process, in general, was not easy because it is a complex process that is intertwined with the political system and its internal and external environment. Both factors have an influence on the political system and, consequently, on the entire political process.

The European Union is the most important development in European history since World War Two. Nothing else has had such a broad, deep, and lasting effect on the lives of Europeans. The topic of Europe has been a source of tension in the UK. The UK has long been one of the most skeptical and ambivalent members of the 28-country European Union (EU). The EU, the rest of Europe, allies around the world and the UK itself need to be prepared for the wider international implications of such a move. The approaching referendum on whether the United Kingdom should remain in or leave the European Union marks a defining moment for the country’s foreign relations. In addition to determining the UK’s future status in Europe, it will affect Britain’s ability to thrive in and help shape a rapidly changing world.

Russia's active foreign policy is characterized by its multi-party approach, which necessitates the establishment of close strategic relations with influential regional players. For Russia, forging a partnership with Saudi Arabia is of utmost importance, as Saudi Arabia is a leader in the Gulf Cooperation Council and a significant player alongside Russia in the global oil market. The developments in the region are interconnected with global transformations, and Saudi Arabia's announcement of its socio-economic transformation vision, Saudi Vision 2030, opens up new possibilities for both countries.

Political Dialogue: Current Situation Since the resumption of diplomatic relations between the Soviet/Russian and Saudi Arabian governments in 1991, bilateral cooperation has not been consistently stable. Close ties have been interspersed with periods of deterioration and mutual accusations, particularly during the transitional processes in the Arab world in 2011-2012. While there may be some alignment of positions regarding events in Egypt and Tunisia, Moscow and Riyadh have different perspectives on the situation in Syria, primarily due to their divergent stances on Iran's policies. Furthermore, Riyadh has supported Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, both of which contributed to the downfall of Muammar Gaddafi's regime.