MUSTANSIRIA DENTAL JOURNAL

Forty single-rooted human mandibular premolar were instrumented with hand ProTaper instruments and obturated with gutta-percha and Zinc oxide eugenol sealer. Then all teeth were divided to two group the first group received immediate post space preparation half teeth with hot plugger and other half with peeso reamer, the roots were coated with nail varnish and were immersed in methylene blue 2% for 72 hours in an incubator. After one week the other group received delayed post space preparation same as the first group and coated with nail varnish and were immersed in methylene blue 2% for 72 hours in an incubator. All roots splitted longitudinally and the apical leakage measured and compared for each group. The minimal leakage value and the lowest mean of leakage were observed in subgroup one, while the maximum leakage value and the highest mean of leakage was obvious in subgroup four. A significant difference was found in the group of roots that received delayed post space preparation using peeso reamers, which showed more apical leakage than other subgroups.

The objective of this study aimed to assess the carieslike lesion preventive potential of low power dye assisted He-Ne laser.
Enamel of extracted human premolar teeth were painted with methylene blue dye and irradiated with 5 mW of He-Ne laser, which emitted laser with 632.8 nm in wavelength. Another group were irradiated without dye application, and the third group was served as control (without laser irradiation). All samples were subjected to carieslike lesion formation by 3.5 pH lactic acid for 21 days. The crowns after that were sectioned into ground cross sections and the lesion depths were measured under a polarizing microscope.
According to this study, successful carieslike lesion inhibition could be achieved to 29% extent, by using low power dye assisted He-Ne laser irradiation.

Anatomy and growth of the cervical vertebrae attracted attention, since a number of authors proposed developmental association between different variables indicative of cervical vertebral anatomy and dentofacial build. This study aims to verify the morphology of the atlas vertebra and its relationship with the morphology of the mandible. A total of (41) true lateral radiographs (22 females and 19 males) for subjects with an age range of 18-26 years old were selected and subjected to cephalometric analysis.
The results show that all the measurements are higher in males than in females except that for the gonial angle and there are a statistically significant differences in mean values of atlas ventral height, ramus length, ramus width and body length among the three groups of atlas a-p length (short, average, long) which increased as the atlas a-p length increased. While among the three groups of atlas dorsal height (low, average, high), there are statistically significant differences in the mean values of gonial angle which decreased as the atlas dorsal arch height increased. It is concluded that there is an association between atlas morphology and mandibular growth.

Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of water cinnamon extract on growth of mutans streptococci, in comparison to chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2%), Zac [0.12% chlorhexidine with 0.05% sodium fluoride (Maleh Chemical products, Syria)] and deionized water in vitro and viability counts of mutans streptococci among a number of volunteers.
Material and Methods:Stimulated saliva was collected from six healthy looking students aged (22-24) from which mutans streptococci were isolated. Sensitivities of mutans streptococci according to Agar Well Technique showed that mutans streptococci were more sensitive to chlorhexidine and Zac compared to water cinnamon extract. The effect of these agents on the viability counts of mutans streptococci in comparison to the control in vitro were studied, a significant reduction in the counts of bacteria at concentrations 20% of water cinnamon extract was illustrated (P<0.05), at higher concentrations water cinnamon extract showed a highly significant reduction in the counts of bacteria(P<0.001), concerning chlorhexidine, and Zac there was a highly significant reduction in the counts of bacteria in comparison to the control after 24 hour(P<0.001). The study involved one in vivo experiment to test the effect of water cinnamon extract (20%) against salivary mutans streptococci in comparison to 0.2% chlorhexidine, Zac and deionized water. Stimulated saliva was collected from 20 subjects (22-25), they were divided into four groups, each group rinse once with either chlorhexidine, Zac, cinnamon extract or deionized water. A non significant difference was found between cinnamon and chlorhexidine compared to deionized water in the counts of bacteria after thirty minute. There was a highly significant difference between Zac and deionized water, rinsing with Zac resulted in a highly significant reduction in the count of bacteria within this time followed by chlorhexidine which was not significantly difference from cinnamon, deionized water showed a slight reduction in the counts of bacteria. The same result was shown after one hour, within this time chlorhexidine resulted in a highly significant reduction in the counts of bacteria compared to deionized water. After two hours of rinsing there was no significant difference between cinnamon and deionized water in the counts of bacteria.
Conclusion:Cinnamon would be a useful compound for development of antibacterial agents against mutans streptococci although its effectiveness was less than chlorhexidine but it may has potential for use in mouthwash for preventing dental caries.

Dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease among children and young adults which is caused mainly by mutans streptococci. The relation of dental caries and salivary mutans streptococci between children and their mothers according to the type of child feeding was controversies.
A sample of 56 child-mother pairs with age range for children 3-4 year old and 25-30 year old for their mothers were examined. Dental caries was recorded following the WHO (1987) criteria. The Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin Agar was used for the cultivation of mutans streptococci.
None significant difference was found in dental caries and salivary mutans streptococci between the breast and bottle fed children (P>0.05). The percentage of caries free breast fed children was higher than that of the bottle fed children. Highly significant positive strong correlations were found between both groups of children and their mothers regarding dental caries experience and salivary mutans streptococci count.
The mother plays an important role in transferring salivary mutans streptococci and as a results dental caries to her child regarding both type of child feeding.

Dental cement is one of few materials which have been developed specifically for dental use, most of the other dental materials have been borrowed from other environment and then modified to meet the particular requirements of dentistry (1).
The zinc oxide eugenol is one of the most dental cement that is used as a base material beneath metallic dental restoration and as an insulating temporary filling material and cement temporary crown, it is required to improve the physical properties of zinc oxide eugenol in order to be superior than other cement, notably in respect of its palliative effect on the pulp so the addition of additives such as O –ethexy benzoic acid (EBA) and polystyrene may increase the strength of ZOE cement (2,3,4,5,6,7), such additives may have a deleterious effects on the film thickness and solubility (8,3,9) .
Zinc oxide are mixed with eugenol the mix sets to a hard cement , it is supplied as a powder and liquid or two pasts system, Simple mixed of these plain tow materials harden in the mouth in about 12 hours (1) but did not
have great strength when compared with other types of cements (11,12), An attempt to achieve a convenient setting time and strength of cement changing the ratio of base to accelerator has been advocate (6,7,13).
So generally recognized or as a company suggestion to improve the handling and physical properties (hardness) of commonly used temporary ZOE cement by combining it with a mixture of semisolid saturated hydrocarbons lubricant of petroleum jelly (14).
Aim of Study: Comparing (in-vitro) the hardness of Zinc Oxide Eugenol cement before and after adding different amount of Petroleum jelly.

Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to introduce ear lobes as alternative landmarks for the interpupillary line during orientation of the occlusal plane. Also, the other aim was to compare the ear lobes with the pupils of the eyes to verify that they were indifferent as anatomical landmarks.
Method: The alternative landmarks, ear lobes, were presented and the method for orienting the occlusal plane with these landmarks was introduced. Digital pictures of 30 subjects, who participated in the study, were analyzed to compare the parallelism of the interpupillary line with the ear lobes.
Results: The results of this study showed that the interpupillary line was parallel with the line drawn between both ear lobes for the same subject.
Conclusion: The ear lobes were reliable and dependable alternative landmarks for the orientation of the occlusal plane and could be used with less effort than that of the conventional method utilizing the interpupillary line.

This study was design to investigate the dimensional stability of heat-activated acrylic resin with different methods of flask cooling (15 minutes rapid cooling, one hour bench cooling, four hours delayed deflasking, and 24 hours delayed deflasking) at different time intervals (immediately, two days, seven days, 30 days) after deflasking.
Heat-activated acrylic resin was used to prepare acrylic samples. Then, measurement of the distances where achieved between the centers of selected marks in the acrylic samples. They were measured at different time intervals for different methods of flask cooling.
The results showed that the group samples of the four hours and 24 hours of delayed deflasking was insignificantly different from the control and followed by the group of one hour bench cooling. The quenched group was significantly different from the control group.
The heat-activated acrylic resin should be kept in the flask for four hours or more after processing to achieve more accurate dentures.

Abstract
This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of tongue space encroachment on the rest vertical dimension. The sample consisted of 30 Iraqi subjects (12 females and 18 males), average age is 25 years old. The rest vertical dimension is measured for them with and without a bulky acrylic appliance. The results of this study found that the effect of tongue space encroachment not immediately but in a longer time increase the rest vertical dimension. In this study we concluded that the rest vertical dimension is not stable.

Although dental extraction has been studied extensively for its effect on the level of blood pressure, taking in consideration the use of epinephrine in dental anesthesia together with the stress factor, there are no available data about the effect of the immediate pre extraction period on the blood pressure level, so the aim of our study is to examine the effect of this period on 100 Iraqi patients within the age group (40- 70). The result of this study reveals that No significant difference in the systolic blood pressure levels in this period, No significant difference in the diastolic blood pressure levels in this period, No significant difference between males and females in the same respect, and 21%, 16% of the patients showed decrease in their systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. The role played by the dentist in stress control can provide a possible explanation for such results.

Forty three in-patients with Maxillo-facial fractures admitted to Rizgaree hospital in Arbil in the period from May 2007 to April 2008. Thirty seven males were affected and only 6 females were involved with a ratio of male: female ratio of 6.2 : 1.65 % of the patients belonged to 16 – 35 years age group .People with small businesses were the mostly affected group 39.5% . They mostly attended between June and August and on Saturday and Sundays and Wed8) Maxillofacial fractures sites related to gunshots.
Figure 8 show the distribution of site of Maxillofacial fractures resulting from gunshots. There were only 4 patients involved in gunshots Maxillofacial fractures all of them were males . There were 10 fractures.
Maxilla was mostly involved (40%) followed by zygoma (20%) and body of mandible (20%). One of the victims have lost a right eye .
Fighting or assaults –involved only 2 patients, both were male and they had 2 zygomatic fractures on the left side..
The most common cause of facial injures were falls and road traffic accidents followed by gunshots and fighting .The most common site of facial fractures in road accidents and assaults were left zygoma and maxilla (> 65 %) while with falls they were nearly equal ( 37.7 % and 31.1%) .
Most of the cases were treated conservatively, and most of the surgical intervention was localized in zygomas with Gillies approach as the most common surgery (24.2%) performed.
Occiptomented view was the most common X-ray taken (34.4%) because the majority of trauma was localized in the middle third.

Background:The synergism between the action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and steroids suggest that co-therapy may provide beneficial inflammatory and pain relief in the absence of side effects. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of co-administered dexamethasone and diclofenac sodium (diclofenac Na) with diclofenac Na alone on the postoperative pain, swelling and trismus after surgical removal of third molars.
Methods:A prospective randomized study was conducted at the clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry College/ Mustansirya University. A total of 30 patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups, the first were given dexamethasone (30 minutes preoperative 8 mg and postoperative 4 mg IV 6 hours postoperatively in two doses) and oral dose of diclofenac Na 50 mg 30 minutes before and after surgery, while the second group were given 50 mg diclofenac Na orally alone 30 minutes before and after surgery (as with first group). The overall analgesic effect of the drug was assessed postoperatively by determination of pain severity using a category rating scale. Facial swelling was measured using a tape measure placed from tragus to gonion to tragus, while interincisal mouth-opening of patients was measured using a calibrated vernier pre-operatively and post-operatively.
Results:Co-administration of dexamethasone and diclofenac Na was significantly superior to diclofenac alone for the relief of pain (P < 0.05), and facial swelling up to 48 hour postoperativly (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference for trismus relief between the two medication protocols (P > 0.05).
Conclusion:This study shows enhanced effects of co-administered dexamethasone and diclofenac Na on short-term post-operative pain and swelling, compared to diclofenac sodium alone in third molar surgery.

The form, size, shade and time of eruption of teeth in humans show very wide variation among different population and some times within the same population. Anomalies like Dilaceration, Taurodontism and recently Talon cusp were a subject for a large number of studies, Studies related to such anomalies in our community are very little and for this reason, this current research is carried out to provide a quick view on the prevalence of these anomalies in our community. The sample of this research composed of 1908 teeth from them the prevalence of the selected dental anomalies were recorded. The results showed that the prevalence of these anomalies where found to be 7.52 % in the maxillary teeth and 7.35% in the mandibular teeth and these anomalies were more frequent in molars and lateral incisors than other teeth.

Forty cases of pleomorphic adenoma( PA) presented in this study were diagnosed in the department of the Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry , Baghdad University covering the period 1982-1992. The tumours were distributed according to age, gender and site of occurrence. Patients ranged in age from 11 to 80 years. The age group 41-50 years was most frequently affected by PA 12 cases (30%) followed by 3rd and 4th decades 9(22.5%) 7(17.5%), respectively .It is evident in this study that PA was more frequently seen in females 24 (60%) than males16 (40%).It was observed from results that the palate was the most common site for occurrence of PA 32(80%), followed by the parotid gland 3(7.5%). Most of the results were comparable to the data of the literatures.