Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Humanities Sciences

The present study aims at investigating negative other – representation strategies in terms of critical discourse analysis (henceforth, CDA) in Pinter’s The Caretaker. The negative other – representation strategy is an analysis of the traits, characteristics, features, and potentials attributed to the out-groups through negative qualities. Negative other representation strategy in The Caretaker has not been investigated as a special subject in terms of CDA. Thus, the study aims to investigate negative other representation strategies in Pinter’s play in question, and to determine the most frequently used strategies and the least frequently employed ones. The study follows an eclectic model which involves the negative other representation strategies as micro strategies based on Van Dijk’s (1995 &2006a)models. These two models consist of the strategies of negative other – representation. They are ; irony , metaphor , comparison, pronouns, disclaimer and actor description . To sum up the findings of the study. The study has found that the most frequent strategies are comparison, metaphor, pronouns, actor description, and irony. While disclaimer is the least frequent strategy as the results of the study asserted.

Darwinism made a major contribution to supplying American thought with a stock of arguments and motives to justify American expansion abroad and to formulate American policy according to a biological perspective to deal with other countries and peoples who, according to the belief of some Americans, are of a lower rank than the Anglo-Saxon race, given the latter’s superiority in formulating solid political systems that ruled many countries. Nations and has proven its success over decades. However, this embrace and assimilation of Darwinism by a group of Americans was met with rejection by other groups, who considered the ideas of evolution to be incompatible with religion, in addition to painting a bleak picture of evolution as it represents the survival of the fierce and crushes the weak, and thus Darwinism caused a rift in American society that continues to this day to raise controversy in the corridors of science. In order to understand the dimensions of Darwinism and its political exploitation and the reasons that made many Americans focus on it to extend their influence beyond the borders, we intended in this study to review the ideas of evolution, the repercussions of its spread in the United States. during the period under study, and how Americans dealt with it and its results at the field

Sharon Pollock managed to incorporate elements of elementary theatre in her play Blood Relations. She did that by merging real historical events with an artistic theatrical storytelling as well as structure narrative techniques and character's dialogues and interactions. By doing so, Pollock succeeded to blur the boundaries between reality and fiction to enhance the audience's involvement and comprehension the truth surrounding Lizzie Borden's murder. Pollock used real documents, newspaper clippings, and courtroom recordings and real witnesses in a documentary style. This innovative style enabled Pollock to bring Lizzie's case back to life.

It has been proven that the ill relationship and its semantic effects in the Qur'anic texts between the divine, missionary and human selves is a comprehensive topic for the whole of that noble text, and the two personalities embodied the missionary and human missionary characters who applied that divine legislation according to a sound cosmic system with its completed or anticipated events in linguistic and doctrinal performances, and this attempt led to its classification into three indicative comments, the first of which included combining the meaning of sound coding and the reasoning of the verbal statement, as we read the Qur'anic text with that aesthetic phenomenon in Read some of his surahs according to the letters of the syllable simulated patterns of events, as well as the occurrence of other linguistic sounds consistent with the maqamat and received according to audio clips and we read the Qur'anic text with linguistic commentary Al-Yali composition between the syllables

This research studies the opinions of Al-Zamakhshari (phonetic and morphological) contained in the explanation of Shafiya Ibn Al-Hajib by Al-Khidr Al-Yazdi (d. 720 AH), while stating his opinion on phonetic issues and morphological structures. Because it is no less important than other scholars, which I began to collect from this explanation, and present it to the opinions of scholars; To know the opinion of Al-Zamakhshari

The Mosuli folk tale is imprinted with the social stamps that the Mosuli individual bears and believes in. The folk tale records daily events and facts, and it has a strong influence on the values of the people from whom it stems as narrators and listeners
Therefore,it is not possible to ignore the values and traditions in the folk tale that dominated the Mosuli individual, and made him harmonize with them, so that he shapes his life and behavior according to them, as there is no society, old or new, that women did not play their role in his life, the nature of life imposed on The human being, the feeling of his connection to the forces of the role that women play in society, whether at the family level or at the level of society, and in light of this feeling, it was necessary for women to take an important part of his popular heritage in general and folk tales in particular
Mosuli folk tales cover various aspects of life, the Mosuli person’s view of social life, and his dealings with everything that surrounds him and affects him, good or bad, and directs the course of the daily life of the community, with familiar, guiding signs.
The researcher decided to conduct this study to find out how the Mosuli folk tale dealt with the issue of women in the daily life of the Mosul community, and it had a clear role in influencing the course of social life
The importance of researching a topic related to women lies in order to raise the level of societies by helping women develop themselves and their ability to serve society, especially since the positive change that societies aspire to is largely dependent on developing the reality of women and their ability to carry out their roles in society, in addition to informing society of the importance of satisfying Women's needs by standing by their side and working to obtain their rights. The aim of conducting the research is to introduce the reality of women in general and Mosul in particular, and to clear the dust so that clear pictures of the reality, suffering, hopes and aspirations of Mosul women become clear
The research reached a number of results, the most important of which was that the folk tale is an art that has a purposeful logic. It does not use offensive words or obscene speech. It has a moral and educational purpose. The comprehensiveness and diversity of the topics it dealt with, including the topic of women and the nature of their lived reality, made it the most suitable vessel to convey to us. Educational and social implications for the human society that produced these tales

In the Arab countries they suffers from the riverbeds and sources from outside its borders.
And it's lands com like show case like the Tigris and Euphrates and Nile River. They are international rivers. There countries that do no recognize this international water like Turkey and Ethiopia t is causing problems such as food security and shortage of food

This research deals with (Grammatical inference based on Qur’anic readings between the interpretations of Al-Zamakhshari and Al-Razi - a study in tools and letters) based on showing the aspects of agreement, difference, and uniqueness between them in their reasoning based on Qur’anic readings in tools and letters. The two interpretations are very famous: (Tafsir al-Kashshaf) by Al-Zamakhshari (d. 538 AH), and (Tafsir Mafatih al-Ghayb) by Al-Fakhr al-Razi (d. 606 AH), in terms of grammatical inference based on Qur’anic readings, as the two imams inferred grammatical investigations using Qur’anic readings.
The desired goal of this study is to explain the impact of Qur’anic readings in the grammar lesson and to explain the impact of Al-Zamakhshari on his successors, especially on Al-Razi. The research consists of an introduction, three sections, and the most important results, The first section was concerned with The the kasra in the hamza (inna), the fatha’s reference to it, the indication of other meanings by letters and tools, and the difference between letters, While the second section dealt with the deletion of letters and the meaning of letters, the third section dealt with various issues, The conclusion contains the most important results, including: The research proved that there is a large consensus of opinions between Al-Zamakhshari and Al-Razi in their inferences based on Qur’anic readings on tools and letters, and the difference between them is less, and each of them was unique in some issues.

This study treats the argumentative reasons and its dimensions by identifying the argumentative mechanisms in the two messages , and explaining the arguments which are used , the structure of the discourse in order to impact and persuade, in order to show that the two treatises fulfill the linguistic argument. The two treatises are based on the logical sequence between the arguments and the precise and coherent arrangement of ideas, in addition to the good transition from one topic to another. Let us arrive at a set of partial results that in turn lead to one comprehensive result shared by the two messages. The goal is the same, which is the Imam’s call to his Shiites to be vigilant and not to neglect the obligations and dues that they owe, because neglecting to pay rights to those who deserve them entails falling into heedlessness, which leads to the delay in the appearance of the Imam (peace be upon him). Had they not obstructed this obligation, the Imam would not have been alerted to it. The other matter is to inform the loyalists that the Imam is close to them and that he is praying for them. Had it not been for his supplication, the enemies would have attacked them from all sides. In addition to informing about the incidents and how to escape from the temptations that the Shiites will face during his absence, peace be upon him. This is what the two letters explained through the argumentative act in the guidance speech of Sheikh Al-Mufid (may God sanctify his secret). Perhaps an attempt to research the argumentative mechanisms and trace their significance will make the reader understand the nature of the discourse in the two treatises, the strength of the founding, and the linguistic and logical connection between the arguments and their results, which we only find in the Qur’anic texts and the hadiths of the Messenger and his infallible family, may God’s prayers be upon them. This confirms the authenticity and sincerity of their issuance from the Imam.

The study aimed to identify the factors that led to elderly women begging in Yemeni society, and to reveal the individual and societal effects resulting from elderly women’s begging in Yemeni society. The study also aimed to reach a set of solutions to limit the spread of this problem. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method to describe the problem of the study, and the interview and observation tools to collect data on the problem. The study sample was (50) elderly beggar women in the city of Sana'a. The study concluded with results, the most important of which are the following:
1- The majority of the sample members are between 50 and 70 years of age, which is the age most in need of care and attention.
2-There are social, economic, educational and religious reasons that led women to go out to beg.
3- There are multiple negative effects resulting from elderly women going out to beg (women being exposed to humiliation, physical abuse, and being exposed to various diseases).
4- The study found a set of appropriate solutions to limit the spread of this problem

The objectives of the study were as follows
Bias for the status quo among divorced people. The significance of statistical differences in (bias for the status quo) among divorced people according to the variables of gender, residence, economic status, and educational attainment. The researcher used the descriptive, correlational method. In order to measure the research variables of (bias toward the status quo). There is a statistically significant difference in bias for the status quo according to the gender variable and in favor of males, and there is a difference in bias for the status quo according to the housing variable and in favor of the city center, and there is a difference in bias for the status quo according to the economic status variable, and there is a difference in bias for the status quo according to the educational attainment variable.

The study aims to identify the reality of the state of sanitation services, both types of heavy water and rainwater, in the city of Diwaniyah, and what are the most prominent causes of deprivation in some neighborhoods of the city. The study concluded that sanitation services for heavy water cover (27%) of the proportion of the population served, while the rainwater network has Its coverage of the city of Diwaniyah reached (19%) of the proportion of the population served. There are (24) heavy water stations in the study area distributed among its various neighborhoods. As for the wastewater network systems in the study area, the type used in the city of Diwaniyah was identified, as the drainage system is considered Separate, which is often preferable to use due to its design, implementation and operational advantages, despite the financial resources required to complete it. In Iraq in general, responsible staff have moved towards generalization in the use of this system due to its suitability to the country’s topographical and climatic conditions, in addition to the ongoing urban expansion in all cities of Iraq, and the city of Diwaniyah is one of these cities. Which relied on this system, as for the lifting stations for wastewater, they were distributed among the large and small greenhouses that divide the city of Diwaniyah, where the number of lifting stations in the large greenhouse reached (5) main stations and (20) secondary stations, while the small greenhouse stations reached (2). A main station and (4) secondary stations on which the neighborhoods of Diwaniyah city depend

The royal history of Iraq from 1921 to 1958 witnessed several revolutions, uprisings, and coups that changed the course of the political process, as a result of which several ministries resigned and others were formed. Most successive governments followed a strict policy in which they used military force against their opponents, and sometimes issued laws and decrees aimed at limiting the activity of the monarchy. The opposition also worked to restrict newspapers and magazines, prevented the publication of others, and refused to establish some political parties. Some ministries were not satisfied with these measures, but rather proceeded to issue a law preventing harmful propaganda, according to which they decided to exile some prominent political figures, which generated a state of political instability. This law was implemented at a critical stage in Iraq's modern history, and its implementation had a clear impact on the political level. In addition to its incompatibility with the provisions of the Iraqi Basic Law, as the ruling on those included in the law was not issued by an authority authorized to issue penalties.

This research Since health is one of the basic human rights, the health care that is provided to him is a means to protect this right, which requires providing it to those who need it without discrimination, especially the youth segment.
Reproductive health consists of four basic elements, and each of these elements requires means of care, and these elements together aim to achieve reproductive health as a whole. This concept has gone through historical stages, and this is what we will address in this chapter. (family, school and society) have a special role in educating this process, and reproductive health has components including (physical health, sexual health, psychological health, mental health, social health, spiritual health and finally community health).
The current research is descriptive and analytical.

The variables of openness to experience and mental motivation are important topics in contemporary life, especially at the level of graduate students, as they are personal traits and topics that motivate behavior , Graduate students are in dire need of employing them in the field of academic work or in life in general, so the current research was interested in identifying both variables and the relationship between them among this group, which prompted him to adopt the measure of openness to experience by Costa & McCrae 1992, by Arabized from (Salim 1999), and to build a measure of mental motivation according to the model of Giancarlo & Facione 1998, and after verifying that they meet the required psychometric Properties of validity and reliability , In their final form, the two scales consisted of 30 and 20 items, respectively, and were applied to a sample of postgraduate students at Al-Qadisiyah University, consisting of 95 male and female students from scientific and humanities disciplines, for the master’s and doctoral levels, who were chosen using a simple random method. After analyzing the results, it appeared that the sample members had openness to experience and mental motivation. The relationship between them is statistically significant, and mental motivation contributes to predicting openness to experience of them . The research concluded with a number of recommendations and proposals.

Possibility as a concept was not widely used among the Morphists, but it is interesting to use it without labeling it with the meaning of possibility, that is, they used it procedurally without agreeing to define the title of the term. It is known that possibility is tantamount to choosing or selecting a specific purpose from among the purposes, and possibility may not be considered It is just an assumption, and every hypothesis carries truth, falsity, proof, or denial.
The study of probability that this research specializes in is probability in abstract nouns. Due to the presence of names in which plurality is possible when following the methods of descent and diminution.

This research aims to monitor the aspects, methods, and tools that helped achieve informativity efficiency, and contributed to making the poem “O Dearest Men” influential, acceptable, and having dimensions and impact on the souls of the recipients.
The research relies on the descriptive approach and is based on analysis, induction, and deduction in light of the literature on text linguistics. This is through examining the strategies and methods that the poet Ghazi Al-Gosaibi, may Allah have mercy on him, relied on in constructing the poem and employing linguistic elements and formulating it according to the method that achieved high media efficiency that was noticed by every recipient of the poem. These are the elements and methods whose starting point was “breaking expectation” and whose goal was “stirring interest.” And the influence industry.
The research includes an introduction and preface. The preface deals with two aspects (informativity, its concept and dimensions, and introducing the poet), in addition to two main sections. The first section deals with intertextuality in the poem and its role in achieving informativity competence. The second section reviews linguistic use and includes several demands. The conclusion includes the most important results and recommendations. In addition to an index of sources and references.
The research reached results, including that the text “O Dearest Men” by Ghazi Al-Gosaibi has a high informativeness, as the title of the poem came in the form of an appeal, and embodied the value and status of the elegy. Achieving informative efficiency, the poem was also full of intertextuality in areas that included meter, rhyme, vocabulary, and some ideas and structures. The intertextuality embodied a high level of informativeness in view of the surprise and attraction it caused to the recipient in the attempt to link the two texts and monitor what was new in the new text. The poem was also full of many shifts that achieved efficiency. Informativity; On the compositional level, the poem included introduction, delay, and deletion. The innovative artistic images in the poem (simile, metaphor, metonymy, and overall images) contributed to achieving a high level of informativity. The poem was also characterized by an expansion of meaning, and this expansion had a clear role in empowering and stabilizing the meaning and enhancing presence. mentality of the recipient.

This research is concerned with studying (Manifestations of Sadness in Modern European Painting), and it is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is devoted to explaining the problem of the research, its importance, the need for it, the goal of the research and its limits, and defining the most important terms contained in it. The research problem dealt with the subject of the manifestations of sadness and their relationship to modern European painting, by investigating sadness in modern painting, as modern painting embodies the most tragic things in our contemporary world, especially wars and human tragedy and the misery and sorrows they bear. Contemporary painting has represented the innate nature of the ancient world mixed with the progress of the world. Modern, mental and emotional development in order to reach new heights in the world of art. The research problem was determined by the following question: How are the manifestations of sadness represented in modern European painting? The first chapter also included the aim of the research, which is Identifying the manifestations of sadness in European painting and whether there is a role for the artist in reflecting these manifestations in European artistic production. The chapter included the limits of the research and its terminology, while the second chapter included the theoretical framework and previous studies. The second chapter dealt with two sections: the first represented the manifestations of sadness in the artistic productions of the Mesopotamian civilization, and it came in the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian civilizations. The second section dealt with the manifestations of sadness in modern European art and its schools, including the Romantic, Realist, Expressionist, and Surrealist schools The third chapter was concerned with the research procedures: including the research community and selecting its sample of four plastic paintings, then the research tool for analyzing the sample. The fourth chapter included the results of the research, conclusions, recommendations, and proposals, and among the most important findings reached by the researcher: Sadness appeared in artistic production through the loss of a dear person, a loved one, or family and close friends. It is considered one of the experiences that cause sadness and grief to the soul, as it is devastating feelings and feelings. People. Sadness manifests itself in suffering as a result of pain, illness, and deprivation, which leaves a person bedridden with limited movement and can lead to pain and problems Which causes frustration for the patient, affects his mood, and causes him to enter a state of sadness and depression. Sadness is caused by devastating wars and the destruction they leave behind a great impact on the human soul, as wars cause physical injuries among individuals, the result of which is either disability or death. This is what the research stated in addition to the recommendations, proposals, Arab and foreign sources, and the summary in English .

The research dealt with one of the problems of pollution that people do not feel directly, but rather they are accustomed to witnessing this phenomenon daily, and from here, the seriousness of this problem emerges. The field of architecture, especially western designs that do not fit with the environment of the city of Mahaweel, which led to the loss of its originality and eastern identity. During the questionnaire, including the urban, economic, legal, administrative, and technological developments, the field side was adopted through the questionnaire form and the element of viewing and documenting the appearances with photographs, as the number of distributed questionnaires reached )25012) forms for all the city’s neighborhoods ()residential neighborhoods , and it was clear through Analysis of the questionnaires and the observation component, the exacerbation of this type of pollution in all neighborhoods of the city of Al-Mahaweel, and the enforcement of strict laws and the imposition of financial fines Violators and contributors to the spread of this phenomenon should find appropriate solutions, in addition to spreading environmental awareness among the city's residents to confront visual pollution and reduce its effects.

The problem of the research entitled (Dialectics of Form and Content in Contemporary Art) included asking the following question: What is the dialectics of form and content in contemporary art. As for its importance and the need for it: 1- It contributes to supplying the technical system with some information, which may be a new addition to this field. 2- It will contribute to clarifying and studying the dialectics of form and content in contemporary art. The goal of the research is to identify the dialectics of form and content in contemporary art. The objective limits of the research: the dialectics of form and content in contemporary art. The spatial boundaries: America and Europe. Time limits: 1995 - 2024. Chapter Two (Theoretical Framework and Previous Studies) The First Section: The Intellectual Foundation of Dialectics in Form and Content. The second topic: The uses of dialectics in modern and contemporary art. Followed by theoretical framework indicators. As for the third chapter (research procedures), it included the research population, the research sample, the research methodology, the research tool, and sample analysis, followed by the fourth chapter (the research results and conclusions), results, conclusions, recommendations, proposals, sources and references.

At the beginning of the royal era, oil was the most important economic sector, and through it the state was able to build its foundations and take the country steps forward. Therefore, the state paid great attention to it and legislated several laws, established regulations, and issued decisions related to this sector, and they contributed greatly to the development of the oil sector, and it had repercussions. Positive impact on life and the economy. Despite all the efforts made, the oil sector continued to suffer from many problems, the most important of which was the seizure of oil production and marketing by foreign companies. The study examined oil-related legislation to determine the extent of the efforts made and the positive and negative effects of those legislations.

The researchers sought to identify the correlation between Misanthropy and suspicious personality among university students through a set of objectives represented in identifying:
1- Misanthropy among university students.
2-The significance of statistical differences in students’ Misanthropy according to the variables of gender (males - females), specialization (scientific - humanities), and residence (city – rural)
3-The skeptical personality of university students.
4- The significance of statistical differences in the skeptical personality of students according to the variables of gender (males - females), specialization (scientific - humanities), and residence (city - rural).
5-The strength and direction of the correlation between Misanthropy and suspicious personality among university students.
To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher built Smith’s Misanthropy Scale (1996) to measure Misanthropy, which in its final form consisted of (25) items, and prepared the Skeptical Personality Scale according to Cattell’s theory, which in its final form consisted of (23) items. After verifying the validity and stability of the measures and analyzing the items statistically for each of the measures on the research sample of (400) male and female university students in the colleges of Al-Qadisiyah University, who were chosen by a random stratified method and in a proportional method, the researcher extracted the results of his research by analyzing the students’ answers to the final application sample. The amount of (380) male and female students were chosen in the same way and method in selecting the analysis sample using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) via an electronic calculator and using a set of statistical methods, including: (t-test for two independent samples, t-test for one sample, Pearson correlation coefficient, and analysis of variance). The triple test and the double test. The research reached the following results:
. The students have not Misanthropy-
-The difference between males and females on the measure of Misanthropy does not rise to the level of statistical significance, and there is a difference according to the specialization variable and in favor of the humanitarian specialization. There is no difference according to the residence variable, and there is no interaction between the variables (gender, specialization, and residence(
.University students are characterized by a skeptical personality
-The difference between males and females on the skeptical personality scale does not rise to the level of statistical significance, and that there are no differences according to the variable of specialization (scientific-humanities) and residence (urban-rural), and the results did not show an interaction between the variables of gender and specialization, gender and residence, and specialty and residence. There is an interaction between the variables of gender, specialization, and residence.
-There is a positive and statistically significant correlation between Misanthropy and suspicious personality among university students.
-There is a difference in the correlation between Misanthropy and suspicious personality according to the gender variable and in favor of males, and there are no differences in the relationship according to the variables of specialization and residence
Based on the results of the research, the researcher developed a set of recommendations and proposals.

The study aims to identify collective guilt in university students. The study sample consisted of (400) male and female students who were selected by a stratified random method with equal distribution. In order to measure the collective guilt of the students, the researcher built a collective guilt scale, which consisted of (9) items. This scale was characterized by validity and reliability. The researcher concluded that the research sample feels collective guilt because of the previous violations to which members of minorities were exposed in the city of Mosul. There is no difference in the scale of collective guilt according to gender and area of residence, while he was found that there is a difference in the scale of collective guilt according to economic status. The research concluded with a set of recommendations and proposals.

Like many intellectual currents that necessitated the emergence of a set of realistic transformations experienced by human society, the postmodern current emerged within sociology as a result of a cognitive transformation known as the transition from modernity to postmodernism, that transformation imposed by a set of realistic transformations witnessed by the levels of human existence political, economic, social and cultural, those transformations that combined in their production overlapping a set of realistic indicators with other procedural formed what is known as globalization, This has contributed to profound changes in the policies of many countries, led by many factors, including the fall of totalitarian regimes and the change in the political function of the state, as their main concern has become the export of their cultural and civilizational model to various parts of the world and the emergence of the call to go beyond the idea of the nation-state and emphasize the concept of the state with a global entity.

This research focused on one of the important topics related to the role of the family in raising its children on positive health values. This topic is one of the important topics that must be drawn to as it relates to the psychological, mental and physical health of children who are the future generation and are the ones society depends on in the process of comprehensive social development. This research is important through knowing the role of the family in raising children with positive health values, which is represented in the role of parents in raising children to follow positive health values and staying away from all the things that cause children’s health to deteriorate, and knowing the most important factors that affect the family in the process of healthy socialization, which Including teaching children positive health values, as well as knowing the obstacles that affect the process of teaching children positive health values. The researcher also sought to find solutions and proposals that help teach children positive health values. The research reached a number of results, including:

Kairouan is the fourth city among three cities: Mecca, Medina, Munawwarah, and Jerusalem. It is a Tunisian city located 156km from the Tunisian capital, Tunis and 57km from the city of Sousse. The city of Kairouan. The Tunisian map, which is linked to the most important economic sites in the country, especially the coast, Tunisia and Sfax. The state of Kairouan extends over an area of (6712 km2). It is also characterized by a semi-arid climate in the northwest of the state and more dry in its south. Rainfall rates in the region range from (200mm) in the south to (350mm north, and the population is about 559.7 thousand people according to statistical estimates for the year 2010. The population is distinguished by its

Information technology, speed, culture, cybercrime, criminal law, electronic crimes, social institutions. The significant advancement in technology and social media communication has enabled all types of information to spread quickly and easily within society. This development has helped spread a culture of opposition to society and has produced new patterns of crime that have had a significant impact on individuals. Cyber bullying is one of the crimes that has spread in all societies, including Iraqi society
The research aims to uncover the harsh realities of cyberbullying crimes, and tries to explain the role of technology in crime from a purely practical perspective, which may be less understood in the current era, and one of the most common and controversial crimes in our time. It also studies Iraqi legal legislation dealing with these crimes in the absence of unified legislation. To achieve these goals, the research used the descriptive method to describe Iraqi criminal laws facing the crime and analyze the social dimensions of cyberbullying crimes. The most important results reached are the necessity of legislating laws for electronic crimes and laws that criminalize cyberbullying in its various forms. These current and proposed changes to legislation demonstrate the need for cybercrime knowledge as an extension of existing scientific disciplines. It also emphasizes the role of various social institutions in confronting these crimes.

The water needs of agricultural crops are of great importance in modern geographical studies, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions, as they suffer from scarcity and scarcity in the amount of water resources as a result of climate change and population increase, as the development of the agricultural sector depends on investing in water and determining how to use it to irrigate crops and achieve development. Agricultural, and the water needs of agricultural crops in Wasit and Muthanna Governorates were discussed, and it was shown that there is a discrepancy in the values of water consumption for agricultural crops, as the maximum total water consumption of the wheat crop in Muthanna Governorate in the year (2018) amounted to (744.6 mm), and its maximum monthly consumption was in The month of January was (164.1 mm) and the lowest monthly consumption was in the month of November (61.3 mm). The net irrigation needs were studied and the total net irrigation needs for the wheat crop in Muthanna Governorate reached (658.9 m3/s) in (2014), then this total decreased to (630.7 m3/s) in the year (2018), after which the total began to rise to its maximum rate (711 m3/s) in the year (2021). The total irrigation needs of the agricultural crops in the Wasit and Muthanna governorates were studied, and the maximum total of the total irrigation needs of the wheat crop in Muthanna was reached. In 2013, it amounted to (930 m3/s), then the total began to decline gradually, dropping to (843.9 m3/s) in (2020), and then it began to increase until it reached (947.8 m3/s) in (2021). The study concluded a number of The most important conclusions were that the study area suffers from a large water deficit as a result of the lack of water imports due to the policies of neighboring countries and their exceeding Iraq’s water share, the lack of rainfall and the increase in evaporation, which cast a shadow on the size and quantity of water resources and meeting the needs of agricultural crops in the study area.