Tikrit Journal for Political Science

The expansion of borders in the Kurdistan Region has been a contentious issue, with significant implications at both the local and regional levels. The Kurdish Regional Government's attempt to incorporate additional territories, particularly those previously liberated from ISIS, has sparked debates and garnered diverse perspectives.

At the local level, proponents of expanding borders argue that these territories are of historical and cultural significance to the Kurdish people. They view the boundaries as a non-negotiable part of their identity and emphasize the sacrifices made to reclaim them from ISIS. This perspective asserts that incorporating these areas into the Kurdistan Region is crucial for safeguarding Kurdish interests and ensuring their political and economic autonomy.

However, there are also voices of dissent within the local population. Critics express concerns about the potential consequences of expanding borders, including demographic shifts, strained resources, and political instability. Some fear that such a move could exacerbate ethnic tensions and lead to conflicts with non-Kurdish communities residing in these areas.

Regionally, the perspectives on the expansion of Kurdistan's borders vary. Neighboring countries, such as Turkey, Iran, and Syria, have expressed strong opposition to the idea. They fear that it could embolden Kurdish separatist movements within their own territories and destabilize the region. These countries have also raised concerns about potential implications for their own national security and territorial integrity.

On the other hand, there are regional actors who are more supportive or adopt a more nuanced stance. Some argue for diplomatic engagement and negotiation to address the Kurdish aspirations within the framework of existing borders. They emphasize the need for peaceful dialogue and respect for international law to prevent further escalations and find mutually agreeable solutions.

Future Prospects for the Experience of Administrative Decentralization in Iraq The experience of administrative decentralization is an important experiment for all levels of countries because it works according to consistent and interrelated steps in order to reach supportive solutions that contribute to the development of this experience. Therefore، it requires effective and influential institutions in the behavior of the majority as well as the principle of transparency and issue. Administrative decentralization is available in all its dimensions if applied in Iraq in the future.

Iraq and New middle East project: Israeli vision ,The topic area of that’s research dealing with Great Middle East project, that’s project which associated with Israeli project and its vision for the region, the importance of that’s plans concerning with Arabic –Israeli conflict and Israeli plans for Iraq after 2003, the premise of that’s paper based upon essential theme, that’s theme its similarities between American project and Israeli one, by objectives and means, that’s make the successful of that’s plans are highly expected.

The research argued the causes of occupation of Iraq and possibility to make Iraq leadership more cooperative with American and Israeli projects.

International relations are affected by the interests that may be achieved by States or if those interests are harmed as a result of internal and external factors that are exposed to this or that state. The bilateral international relations are also affected by the alliances to which one or both sides of the relationship is involved. A set of geopolitical, economic, security and ideological interests negatively and positively. Such relations were also affected by the policy of axes and international alliances, which have long been joined by the two countries to contradictory alliances that have strained their relations. Turkey is a member of the four-party alliance and Turkey is a member of the Islamic alliance and then of the international coalition to fight the oppressive organization and the terrorist groups in Iraq and Syria. Each of these alliances has its objectives and members whose views differ from those of other member states, Hence, the impact on relations between Russia and Turkey was clear.

There are many non-traditional additions to the influential works in the international or international context, which have expanded and become very large.

Some of them have not entered into this field of international relations. Hence the need to supplement, renew and add new concepts

There digital (electronic) factor, has become the key to the hard and soft domination of international units, and an important input in international relations, especially the twenty-first century. We have been able to explore the reality of the international interaction based on (cooperation, competition, conflict).

In conclusion, the global system will remain state-based and international organizations. At the same time, it will continue to be born and no states in its interactions with the ease of use of digital technology by individuals on the planet

The topic area of that’s paper dealing with role of Britain in established of Israel, so the paper argued the historical developments of Palestinian question and Role of Britain Government toward peace process since 1992, and then its insight toward plan of Palestinian State.

That’s paper also argued the British Policy toward Israeli violations toward Palestinians people, and increased with settlement policy by many procedures like demolition of houses, or lands confiscation, the researcher argued the Britain position toward that’s violations beside the political developments which happens in Britain after Theresa May took over the power in Ten Downing Street.

The Gulf crisis 1990-1991 is one of the important historical events of the 1990s, which gave rise to the new world order by the sovereignty of the United States of America on this system. The Gulf crisis was an embodiment to clarify the features of this system.

The crisis in the Gulf was an opportunity for the Moroccans to manage this complex event and to use it for the benefit of the Moroccan situation. Therefore, the bilateral position of the crisis came out as a rejection, a contradiction and a supporter of political and economic dimensions at the external and internal levels. On the Moroccan situation, and from these points came the choice of the subject of the study (the dimensions of the Moroccan position from the Gulf crisis 1990-1991), which shows the ingenuity of Moroccans in managing an external crisis and benefiting from it internally.

The Middle East has been, and continues to be, the most influential environment for Turkey in shaping its foreign policy strategy. That Turkey's ability to maintain the elements of regional power must be achieved by building a comprehensive strategic perspective capable of expressing its interests and security. That perspective, and that some adjustments have been made to it by virtue of the changes that are occurring, but it remains the basic principle of the entire movement in the Middle East for the coming years. The ability of the state as a regional actor within an area of ​​influence still subject to comprehensive factors of change, such as the Middle East, requires a lot of preparedness and adaptation to achieve its strategic vision that reflects its security and interests. In fact, Turkey has been able to maintain its regional role in the Middle East by developing a strategic vision that matches its capabilities.

The democratic transition is often seen through the lens of revolutionary context as the nearly sole pathway in the Arab world. It suggests that there is no room for a democratic transition process without a solution or military intervention (internal or external), revolutions, coups, or protest movements. This is primarily related to the fundamental principle of peaceful power rotation, which has become the core challenge of democratic transition internally, leading to the acceptance of the idea of external interventions and regional influences due to the internal dynamics of Arab political systems.

The international conflict over the Middle East dates back to ancient times, as it was the birthplace of the earliest civilizations that emerged in this land. Life originated in the East, and humanity learned the meaning of the sun in this geographical region called the "Middle East." This conflict existed even before the discovery of oil, primarily due to the strategic location of this area.

Undoubtedly, strategic regions in the world attract significant international attention and competition for control over their resources and sources of energy. The Middle East is one of the most prominent regions possessing energy resources, in addition to its cultural, religious, and strategic importance. Throughout history, global powers have vied for influence over this region. Despite the various concepts and definitions regarding the geographical boundaries of this area, some argue that it includes the region of Iraq, the Arabian Gulf, Turkey, Iran, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan. There are those who also include Central Asian countries, and some even see the Middle East extending to the African continent.

This study is an attempt to analyze the nature of Obama's strategy in defeating ISIS in Iraq, showing the main reasons and objectives of this strategy. After the falling of Mosul city under the control of ISIS, Obama's administration adopted an "offensive containment" strategy that based on limited military intervention, without to engage the American ground forces to this war and to enter into comprehensive and large-scale war. Obama's slow response to ISIS has created wide-spread suspicions among Middle East people that the CIA behind the emergence of ISIS. The importance of this study is that it addresses this problematic issue where concluded that there are some reasons pushed Obama's administration to choose limited military intervention rather than comprehensive and large-scale military engagement in confronting ISIS in Iraq, and also the study concluded that there are some objectives this administration seeks to be achieved through this strategy.

The importance of studying the impact of wars on civilians in general and children, especially with the increasing number of victims and the transformation in the nature of wars and armed conflicts, which is now more deadly children, including fighters.
The human and material bleeding caused by decades of successive wars in Iraq will require more decades to recover from its effects and repercussions. The war has left millions of dead, orphans and street children, as well as millions of people with disabilities and mental disorders. In the face of inadequate government policies, armed groups and militias have succeeded in investing in these millions of children into projects of killers, martyrs and militia leaders.
The exit of Iraq from the cycle of war and violence depends on the removal of childhood from this vicious circle that transform the victims of today to the princes of the wars of tomorrow.