Journal of University of Babylon

Contemporary human societies today are witnessing a clear state of lack of social security، as wars and turmoil spread، and the differentiation between the economic levels of the population of those societies is so high that millions of people are in a state of complete inability to satisfy their basic needs. And fear of future accidents، which affects the effectiveness of the individual and paralyzes his movement and becomes a prey to mental illness. The state of lack of social security is one of the most important issues that Iraqi society suffers from today، due to the influence of external factors represented in wars and open conspiracy against it، as well as the influence of internal factors، the most important of which is the disintegration that affected the values and standards of society، which affected the effectiveness of the sub-systems of society. The research has reached the following most important results: 1. The importance of social security has gone beyond the human right to make it a divine duty، a legal duty، and one of the necessities of the integrity of human development، and the establishment of the basic social security components for the establishment of religion. That the social group cannot continue in social life and cannot maintain its social structure without having the factors of solidarity and social cohesion available to it، and that social security is based on the degree of solidarity and social cohesion، that is، it is based on the degree of strength of ties between members of the social group، and the strength of bonds is linked to the satisfaction of the need. Unity of purpose، value system، and division of labour. If these factors are realized، this will strengthen ties and support solidarity and social cohesion، thus achieving social security.3. The satisfaction of the social needs of the individual is through his belonging to the different social groups، that sense of belonging achieves social goals، perhaps the most important of which is the feeling of comfort and psychological and social reassurance for the individual's sense of the bonds of love and mutual respect between him and his social groups.

The article touched on the thinker Benedetto Croce behind him in writing history, as he saw that history is stories that benefit from the bite and the lesson and have an impact in the future by making use of them. Reading the opinions of its contemporaries and what nations wrote about them, and the historian should not put historical events according to his whims, but according to a scientific perspective to study historical events, as he wanted to understand the past through modern assumptions and theories.

The personality of the individual grows and develops in all its aspects within the cultural framework in which it arises، lives and interacts with it until it integrates and acquires the intellectual and behavioral patterns that facilitate the adaptation of the individual and his relationship with his general social environment. In his society، he presents solutions and the research consists of four chapters. The first chapter dealt with the methodological framework of the research، including the research problem، which was summarized by the following question: What are the representations of the personality of the intellectual in the Iraqi theatrical performance? It also included the importance of the research and the need for it and the aim of the research in identifying the representations of the personality of the intellectual in the Iraqi theatrical performance and its limits and defining terminology. The intellectual and the cultural act in the theatre. The third chapter included the research procedures، the community and the sample، in addition to the research tool and its descriptive analytical approach. The fourth chapter contained the results، the most prominent of which are the adoption of the personality of the intellectual in the Iraqi theatrical performance to clarify and explain aspects of life in all its aspects and conclusions، the most prominent of which are the multiplicity of directorial visions. In representing the personality of the intellectual in the Iraqi theatrical performance، it included a number of recommendations، as well as sources and references.

The west has been concerned with the east and the third world countries through dealing with numerous human concepts and matters aiming at certain targets and benefits; among which is humanism، particularly in the European literature، more specifically in theatre. The first chapter، the methodological framework is centered on the problem of the research which is about the following enquiry " What is the humanism in Max Aub's theatrical text post-colonially?" The importance of the research is to study the concept of humanism being connected to the theatrical character and the dramatic structure. It also focuses on the concept post-colonially and its reflections on the theatrical text. It is beneficial to the students، researchers، and those who are particularly concerned with the theatre. The aim of the research is to identify humanism in Max Aub's theatrical text by a post-colonial study. The place limit of the research includes Max Aub's biography in Europe whereas the time limit consists of his text after the second world war. The subject limit is centralized on the study of humanism in Max Aub's theatrical text post-colonially. The chapter also includes the terminologies and the procedural definition. The second chapter، the theoretical framework، implies two sections; the first passes through the concept of humanism historically while the second is concerned with Edward Said's essay "Humanism and Secular Criticism". The chapter is finalized with the indicators of the theoretical framework. The third chapter، the procedures، contains the research community which consists of four theatrical texts by Max Aub after the second world war. The researcher has intentionally chosen Aub's play (No). The researcher has also depended on the indicators as a research tool and as an analytical-descriptive method. Then، he has analyzed his samples. Finally، the fourth chapter، the results and the conclusions. One of the important results is the ideologies of the major countries that dominate and suppress the weak ones and issue the post-colonial laws according to their own interests and away from all the human behaviors and values. Ultimately، the research ends with the references.

trace, Musical Notation, Folk singing

The Arabian meter (AL-Bseet), is a huge meter called (Bahr AL-Bseet) because its can be contest large phrases and words. the Arabian poet (Mehmood Derweesh) tried to issue some poems with this meter style.
Actually, the modern style on this meter AL-Bseet discovered many cases by how make mixing between the enceinte style in Arabian poems which has been established among many centuries ago, and what has the modernism movement affair to Arabian modern poem.
In this papers ,five poems had been analyzed with theme called (AL-Ebara) which means the phrases in the poem.
Mehmood Derweesh succeed in this difficult trying and issue many poems with different rhythm manage the flow of the poetical speech. and also makes difference between the phrases (AL-Ebara)and the unit of meter (AL-Tefeela).

Reading the text from the perspective of the cultural identity that it represents and complies with, and the interpretation of its composite signs with those formats is anthropological reading. An anthropological observation allows following up on the features of a society's culture; This is what necessitates the anthropologist to call upon various knowledge's from history, psychology, linguistics, rhetoric, and from semiology and mythology; Accordingly, the literary text, including the Horal symbols of the culture to which it belongs, contains. Therefore, cultural anthropology focuses on the human being and cultural values, systems, perceptions, social norms and cultural manifestations, which are different from one place to another.

This research means studying (the conceptual and aesthetic dimensions of totem forms in African arts) and included four chapters, the first chapter dealt with the problem of research, the importance of research and its need for it and its goal of (identifying the conceptual and aesthetic dimensions of totem forms in African arts.) and its research limits (objective boundaries: totem is determined in African arts) and the temporal boundaries of (1875 to 1940 AD(.
Chapter 2 included two researches, the first of which included the study of the genesis of Totemic thought in African art conceptually and aesthetically, and the second article dealt with the sacred and man in primitive African peoples. The second chapter ended with the indicators concluded by the researchers. The third chapter includes the research procedures of the research community, which amounted to (3) As an artistic model and research curriculum، chapter three ended with the analysis of the research sample. While chapter 4 specialized in the results of the research and its conclusions and one of the most important results (to temism as a concept and human behavior constitutes a natural reaction to the pressures and environmental influences in which the population of African societies live, and then took root in his mind and became cognitive effectiveness and then turned into a beautiful artistic language (1, 2,3), the African artist took from his productions an aesthetic means of expressing the instability of real ideologies and living values to transform the values and habits of the ancestors to gain blessing and exorcism as in the sample. (1, 2, 3) The most important conclusions (the hidden totem form in the masks, with its conceptual and aesthetic dimensions، exceeded the space of individual expression in subjective situations، extending and expanding, and became a method of conceptual and aesthetic expression of the Totem form of the African artist who believes in and expresses occult forces.) and then ended up discussing the recommendations and proposals.

Often the meaning arrives in brief phrases and allusions to have a more effective action than long narrative speech. Whenever the word is reduced، it is crossed in a deeper way to turn it into a sound syllable that is indicative of that same word or phrase and situation. For this reason، the researcher divided his research into four chapters، which are the first chapter: The methodological framework of the research and it includes: the research problem that centered on the following question (What are the indications issued by the voice of the actor (grunts، groans، screams، giggles) that carry a meaningful suggestion in the speech of the theatrical performance?). Then the importance of the research and the need for it، then the goal of the research، then the limits of the research: temporal (2013-2017) spatial (Baghdad National Theatre) and objectivity، which is to stand on the study of the meaning of sounds (groans، sighs، murmurs) as words that are in harmony and in harmony with the dimensions of personality and realism of actions and reactions Finally، defining the terminology and procedural definition. As for the second chapter (the theoretical framework)، it included two chapters. The first included the non-linguistic voice. The second topic was concerned with studying the sound from the directors' point of view، and the chapter concluded with the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework. As for the third chapter، it included the research procedures، samples، tool and research method. The play (The Smell of War) was chosen as a model، and the results were:
1.The actor's performance has acquired an abstract character away from his traditional image by deconstructing words and borrowing sounds indicating words.
2. The non-linguistic sounds gave different hidden meanings that indicated a single suggestion understood from the context.
3. The non-linguistic sounds that the actor makes bring the state of integration between the actor and the character he plays and create a state of interaction between himself and the role.
4. Non-verbal sounds were used as a state of grumbling and protest، and at the same time، a state of readiness، continuity، and confrontation with the other.
5. The audio clips indicated a state of ridicule using well-known and locally circulated sounds، which are voices that indicate mockery and ridicule، with each inaccurate phrase to be an indication expressing the idea to be communicated by the author and director
The most important conclusions were:
1.The hum at the actor expressed mental states that earned them an expressive value and an aesthetic dimension in the performance
2، The act of hums and groans is actually more impressive and surprising than watching.
3.Using the hum sound as a tool to link between one situation and another in the performance، thus achieving a graceful، flowing transition between scenes.
The chapter also contains proven sources

The aim of this research was to carry out a study on the assessment of undergraduates' superstitious belief towards students with disabilities in University of Ilorin. The study population consisted of two hundred and twenty (N=220) non-handicapped students of University of Ilorin. The researcher purposively selected faculties that admitted students with disabilities. The non-handicapped students who were willing to participate in the study where randomly selected from four faculties. The scale usedto measureundergraduate’ssuperstitious belief was titled ‘Superstitious Beliefs of Students with Disability Questionnaire (SBSDQ)” Section A contained information about their demographic data of the respondents while section B has 10 items on superstitious beliefs of persons with disabilities. Using Cronbach alpha test, a reliability index of 0.73 was obtained. Data gathered were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages and regression analysis.All the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The combination of gender, religion, faculties and levels do not significantly predict undergraduates’ superstitious beliefs of undergraduates, however religion did. It was therefore recommended that university administration should organize seminars and enlightenment programmes on scientific causes of disability. This will help in correcting the negative attitudes of undergraduates towards people with disability.

Al-Waqifa, a group of people who have a special belief in Imamate, had repercussions in Islamic thought in general and Shiite thought in particular. Due to the large number of books of Al-Waqifa and the preoccupation of scholars in responding to them and refuting their arguments. As some of the opinions and positions of Al-Waqifa had an impact on the rulings and legislation that deviated from the line of the Imamate, the issuance of these rulings was due to some reasons, including the misunderstanding of some of Al-Waqifa of the hadiths of the imams, or the intentions of his premeditation, to justify their actions and their misguidance. The number of those standing in the ranks of the companions of Islam was so great that it reached a significant impact. This was mentioned in the books of al-Tusi, al-Najashi, al-Kashi, al-Mufid and others. The presence of Al-Waqifa in various cities such as Medina, Kufa, Egypt and Khorasan made it difficult to restrain them, especially that their books were spreading between the public and the private. Despite the death of many of Al-Waqifa Movements with the death of their leaders and the failure of the rest of them to withstand, and with the passage of time and the spread of religious awareness, only Ismailis, Zaydis and others remained.

The importance of the research is summarized in presenting the irrefutable historical evidence that proves the extent of the involvement of the king’s brothers (Ashur-Ah-Adina) in the murder of their father, King (Ashur-Ahi-Ariba) and the innocence of King Ashur-Ah-Adina from this heinous crime by relying on a number of reliable sources From a scientific point of view, through which we were able to discuss the opinions of some researchers who went with the hypothesis that Asho-a-brother was involved in the murder of his father, we presented evidence that this hypothesis was not true based on what was stated in the cuneiform texts.