AL- Mouhaqiq Al-Hilly Journal for legal and political science

Once the ownership of the leased thing has been transferred to the non-tenant and the lease has been effective against the new owner, the latter has acquired the title of lessor as if he was a party to the conclusion of the lease. Therefore, the rent is transferred according to the transfer of ownership of the leased thing, and the effect that the new owner replaces the lessor in the rights and obligations, the latter has the right to the tenant's demands to Pay the fare ,and make the reforms of the hire. the tenant shall have the right to the new owner's demands to enable him to use the rent by committing to the delivery the leased thing, to carry out the necessary repairs, to ensure exposure and entitlement, and to guarantee the hidden defects. As for the landlord's relationship with The Tenant, neither of them has the right to refer to the other with respect to the termination of the rental relationship between them, except for the rights and obligations arising from one or both of them in the right of the other in advance of the transfer of ownership of the leased thing. As He expedited Pay the fare for the period following the transfer of ownership of the leased thing. And has the right to refer to the lessor the expenses spent by the tenant on the leased thing according to the type of these expenses. The lessor may also have the right to refer to the Tenant for the rent due from the lessee's use of the leased thing in the period prior to the transfer of ownership of the rent or to the tenant for the damage caused by the act of the tenant prior to the transfer of ownership of the leased thing.

The majority of the comparison countries go to the necessity of the public authorities to comply with the provisions and decisions of their constitutional decision and not to procrastinate or procrastinate in implementation.
The obligation of the public authorities to implement the provisions of the constitutional judiciary is one of the features of the democratic system, and affirms the legitimacy of the existing system and the submission of the rule of law.
In addition, the public authorities will implement the judicial rulings. Individuals will become more confident in the rulings of the judiciary, and in turn will encourage individuals to resort to the judiciary to resolve their differences and problems. This will contribute to the lack of differences and problems and help stabilize the legal situation and preserve rights and freedoms.
In order to study the role of public authorities in the implementation of the provisions of the constitutional judiciary, the research was divided into three sections, as follows: The first topic was entitled the role of the legislative authority in the implementation of the provisions of the constitutional judiciary, and was divided into three demands, the first requirement dealt with in the role of the US legislature in the implementation of the provisions And the second is the role of the Iraqi legislature in implementing the rulings of the Supreme Federal Court.
The second topic included the role of the executive authority in implementing the provisions of the constitutional judiciary. We divided it into three demands. First, we assigned it to the role of the executive branch in the Supreme Court. The second demand presented the role of the Egyptian executive authority in implementing the provisions of the Supreme Constitutional Court. The role of the Iraqi executive authority in implementing the provisions of the Federal Supreme Court.
While the third topic addressed the role of the judiciary in the implementation of the provisions of the constitutional judiciary, and distributed it to three demands, the first requirement in which we explained the role of the American judicial authority in the implementation of the Supreme Court. The second demand explained the role of the Egyptian judiciary in the implementation of the Supreme Constitutional Court, In the third requirement we explained the role of the Iraqi judicial authority in implementing the provisions of the Federal Supreme Court, and then concluded the research with a conclusion that included the most important conclusions we reached.

The process of freezing is one of the most advanced modern technologies developed by the conservation banks in fertility centers. It is impossible to imagine the possibility of benefiting from the sperm and fertilized eggs without it, in addition to the benefit that results from its work for the patients with the fertility centers. Frozen samples to re-perform artificial fertilization in the event of failure, but this is only through the emergence of a legal relationship between the center of fertility and beneficiary, the light of which obligations on each of them, the Center is committed to inform the beneficiary and the conclusion of the content of the contract which Will be linked to it, as well as abide by the controls and scientific assets fixed in the medical profession, in exchange for the obligations borne by the beneficiary is the material compensation and follow the guidance and instructions of the Center .

Parties of international contract may desire to resolve the dispute that may arise under this contract apart from the jurisdiction, especially in cases for which they urgently search for a resolution, as well as the search for the resolution that make the parties have an amicable relationship along with ongoing contractual relationship. Therefore, the parties resort to empower the arbitrator to have the authority to settle disputes through conciliation, which means to settle disputes through excluding the national laws and searching for a resolution that is more equitable whether in positive laws or Principles of Justice and Fairness. Such authority shall be established upon the parties' will. On one hand, this authority shall have limited scope whereas arbitration shall be done in accordance with the justice and fairness principles or substantive rules. On the other hand, despite the importance of such authority, which is represented in the possibility of arbitrator's exclusion of national laws, it is not absolute power; however, it is bound by several restrictions including respect for the international public order, jus cogens (with necessary application or police rules), litigations foundations to ensure the procedural justice, and the parties' will that is considered as the legal basis for the arbitrator to exercise his job. These are the main areas to be examined. We addressed this topic through two points of views, the first viewpoint contains the basis and scope of the arbitrator's authority to settle disputes, and the other one includes the restrictions that would be imposed on the arbitrator who is authorized to settle disputes.

France adopted the principle of political censorship and allowed the exercise of this jurisdiction to the Constitutional Council. Thus, the French Constitutional Council imposes its control over the laws, whether ordinary or basic, with the difference in that the censorship of the basic laws and the regulations of the two Houses of Parliament is a supreme control, The international treaties are optional censorship, and the French Constitutional Council's supervision of the basic laws is a previous control, ie the bill, and this was before the amendment to the French Constitution in 2008And the reason why the French legislator imposed mandatory control over the basic laws is the importance of these laws in building the institutions of the state and regulating the relationship between them. When the Constitutional Council declares that the law subject to its control over the constitution is not violated, Then the law can be issued by the President of the Republic. If the Constitutional Council declares the violation of the Constitution, then we must distinguish between two cases where it is not possible to separate texts that are contrary to the Constitution from the rest of the provisions of the law. In this case The version stops The law can not be issued, but if it is possible to separate the provisions of the law against the Constitution from the rest of the texts in this case, the President of the Republic can declare the law without the infringing texts or ask the two Houses of Parliament a new reading.

The importance of evaluating job performance in governance is the merit of employees to continue to work and to be eligible for promotion and promotion, and is periodically conducted within a specified period of time and allows the Supreme President to take note of the functioning of the administration; remove obstacles that prevent the satisfactory conduct of business; The administration supervises the work itself, and did not agree the legislation and administrative jurisprudence on the extent of grievance from the evaluation of the performance of the function as a precondition before resorting to the judiciary or not, as well as the Iraqi legislation of the organization of administrative grievance decisions to evaluate performance.

The public prosecution is the apparatus that represents the (public right) (public interest) (community interest) and has a major role in society in establishing the rules of justice. This role is before the case and during the proceedings, investigation, trial, after the verdict appeal and execution of the sentences. The role of the public prosecution in comparative legislation has been highlighted through its role in victim compensation programs, financial and administrative corruption and monopolies, consumer protection, the environment and natural resources.
The importance of this role is highlighted at the present time after the increase of the oil smuggling, natural resources theft of the country and large numbers of victims of terrorist crimes, and there is no representative of the right except the public prosecution as a community interest. Therefor the legal texts governing the work of this body were analyzed in order law No. 49 of 2017 to reach the desired target of organizing this law.

The idea of international criminal justice has evolved through the efforts of the international community by seeking to establish a special international criminal jurisdiction. International NGOs have made efforts to develop the international criminal justice system, which contributed to the establishment of a permanent international criminal court and the manner in which it was formed, its jurisdiction and the procedures to be followed. These efforts were adopted by the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries in Rome in 1998. The contribution of international non-governmental organizations through the establishment of alliances for the establishment of the International Criminal Court has contributed to the development of the jurisdiction of international criminal justice, The positive role played by international non-governmental organizations within the framework of their objectives, means of action, sources of funding and capabilities in the international arena has an important impact on the development of international criminal justice. The success of the international community in reaching the Rome Convention on the establishment of the International Criminal Court Independent and effective judiciary, whose competence in prosecuting the perpetrators of crimes against innocent people has been the result of efforts by international non-governmental organizations to contribute effectively through the holding of international conferences, the sponsorship of jurisprudential studies and serious studies. Important for the emergence of international criminal judiciary, and international non-governmental organizations role in the development of international criminal judiciary from the substantive and procedural terms.

It is clear to us through this research that the criminal policy followed by the legislator in criminalization not only criminalizes the behaviors that actually result in legal interests, but also in the case of threat or endangering those interests. And we have noticed that the criterion of probability is the one that can be used to determine the intent to endanger others, as we found out that the Egyptian and Iraqi legislator limited to the case of criminalization of certain forms of danger, and did not adopt the idea of general criminalization as it is The case of the legislator French and the United Arab Emirates, which let the legislation that embrace the idea of general criminality as it expands from the criminal protection of individuals from subjecting them to notice, and we finished the research included the conclusion the most important findings and recommendations.

To Principle Of Separation Between Authorities The Great Importance. It Is The Cornerstone Of Democratic Systems Because It Contributes To Protection Of Freedoms And The Reduction Of Authoritarian Tyranny. The Principle Of Segregation Contributes In The Legitimacy, And Doing The Legal State. As It Highlights, The Benefits Of Division Of State Functions, Division Of Labour And Increase Efficiency. However, Its Application Differs According To The Nature And Form Of Representative Democracy Prevailing In The State And Adapted To Its Conditions And Circumstances. Considering That Representative Democracy May Take The Form Of The Parliamentary System Of Parliament And May Take The Form Of The Presidential System Of Parliament And May Take The Form Of The Parliamentary System (Parliamentary Assembly Government System), Each Of These Three Forms Represents Representative Democracy. Despite The Importance Of This Principle, Iraqi Constitutions Have Been Explicitly Stipulated Only In The State Administration Of The Transition And The Constitution Of The Republic Of Iraq For The Year 2005.