Al-Rafidain University College For Sciences

: The problem of Bi -level programming is to reduce or maximize the function of the target by having another target function within the constraints. This problem has received a great deal of attention in the programming community due to the proliferation of applications and the use of evolutionary algorithms in addressing this kind of problems. Two non-linear bi-level programming methods are used in this paper. The goal is to achieve the optimal solution through the simulation method using Monte Carlo method using different small and large sample sizes. We concluded that Branch Bound algorithm was preferred in solving the problem of non-linear two-level programming this is because the results were better.

The rules of labor law in different countries are dominated by the commanding character. The legal rules are either commanding rules, or rules that are interpreting, or complementary rules. The first is not permissible for individuals to violate them. They are the rules that order or forbid a specific behavior, and the individuals cannot agree to a different ruling than the commanding rules decided, because these rules are decided, in commanding capacity, to void any agreement that contradicts them or impose penalties on the violator. As for the complementary or interpreting rules, it is permissible to agree on something that contradicts its ruling. If the individuals wanted or agreed explicitly to the contrary, this agreement would be valid.
It is certain that the state’s intervention led to the mandatory nature of the labor law in which the legislator placed many guarantees for workers ’rights and deterrent penalties to prevent the violation of its provisions. The guarantees stipulated in Article (14) of the Iraqi Labor Law which indicated that the rights contained in the provisions of the law represent the minimum rights of workers and these provisions do not affect any of the rights granted to the worker under another law. The law also stated that the worker's waiver of any of the rights established for him under the provisions of the applicable labor law is not taken into account and is considered void.
In our research named (the mandatory nature of the Iraqi labor law), we presented three sections. In the first we reviewed the mandatory nature, and in the second we discussed the political and economic justifications for the compulsory nature, and in the third we talked about the manifestations of the compulsory nature, and in conclusion, we noted the most prominent opinions and recommendation/suggestions related to our research.

The current research is concerned with the relationship between two variables, the first of which is rarely mentioned in the Iraqi studies, which is the psychological contract , and a variable which has not been discussed by researchers before, namely the sustainable innovation. The research aims to draw the attention of the organizations to the importance of these two variables, as well as urges the organizations in general and the colleges in this search to the need to pay attention to the formation of psychological contract with their employees, as well as the importance of practicing sustainable innovation activities. It is important in the development of the country's economy and the future generations. A number of private colleges (Baghdad, Al-Rafidain, Al-Nsour) were chosen as a field of research based on the opinions of a sample of faculty members. The sample is represented by (189) for their important and effective role in making decisions related to the future of the colleges and they have enough experience and knowledge, The tool for data collection was a questioners . A number of statistical methods were used for analysis, including SPSS V.24 outputs. The research concluded that,: There is a statistically significant correlation between the independent variable psychological contract with its dimensions and the dependent variable sustainable innovation. This indicates that the psychological contract has an active and clear role in the development of sustainable innovation among the researched colleges. The results of a significant effect between the dimensions of the psychological contract in sustainable creativity. The recommendations of the research were most notably a correlation and an effect relationship between the two variables.

The aim of this research is to advise the leadership of organizations in general on the importance of exercising their strategic leadership roles; clarify the importance of the life cycle of the organization and the distinctive limits of its stages. The research presented several problems about the leader in the organization to exercise the strategic leadership roles that qualify him to be a strategic leader in the researched organization. In addition to the possibility that the organization's leadership is aware of the importance of the stages of the organization in its life cycle and its seriousness on the status of the organization، then how can leaders of leading organizations maintain Leadership and sustainability. The University of Information Technology in Baghdad was selected as a field of research based on the opinions of a sample of teachers and administrators (n = 150)، for their important and effective role in making decisions about the future of the university and have enough experience and knowledge, by using the (questionnaire form) as a tool in the collection of study data. A number of statistical methods were used for analysis, including SPSS V.24 outputs. The research reached a set of results, the most important of which were: There is a statistically significant correlation between the expression variable (strategic leadership) and its dimensions (entrepreneurial orientation, core capabilities, human capital, organizational culture, organizational control) and the responsive variable (the life cycle of the organization). (Leadership, growth and consolidation, except regression), this indicates that strategic leadership has a clear and effective role on the overall life cycle of the organization at the researched university. The results also showed a significant impact between the dimensions of strategic leadership and the life cycle of the organization. Les main and sub hypotheses of the research were accepted. The present research concluded a number of recommendations, most notably: the need to move away from the traditional management methods adopted by traditional leadership patterns and orientation towards the practices and roles of strategic leadership that will enhance the spirit of cooperation and harmony among employees, which increases the levels of job satisfaction and organizational loyalty and thus helps in achieving organizational success. The need for all ministries to educate the leaders of their organizations to promote modern leadership methods, and send them out of the country in order to be acquainted with the methods of modern leadership in developed countries. Also, organizations should recognize the importance of what researchers termed the life cycle of the organization in order to distinguish the stage it is going through and thus work to strengthen the situation it is going through in its growth or leadership, and rectify its position if it is in the stage of decline.

Our study includes the crime of enforced disappearance and its impact on the right to life، and this crime is one of the most serious crimes that violate the concepts of humanity. It is recognized that this crime began to spread in most countries of the world, and some regimes are practicing the act of enforced disappearance in a clear and organized direction towards many opponents of its political system and civil activists, and this is what prompted the international community to criminalize and punish these acts through the conclusion of many international agreements, covenants and declarations on the protection of human rights, which ensured protection from enforced disappearance under exceptional circumstances and emergency situations. But this is not absolute, but it is confined by controls and restrictions, especially as this crime represents a clear violation of human right to life, liberty and personal security.

Business Organizations have begun to understand the importance of keeping their good reputation in the business environment through performing ethical marketing activities, and bearing the social responsibility in order to enhance their good's image in the mind of customers. Furthermore maintain their abilities in retaining the current customers, acquiring new ones, and building a lasting and profitable relationship with them. This research investigates the concept of marketing ethics and social responsibility through a sample survey of clients in Baghdad for the purpose of analyzing ethical and immoral behaviors of marketers and discussing the extent to which companies operating in the mall apply; marketing ethics codes, which are guiding principles that marketers can use to develop performance of their organizations. The results showed a correlation between the dimensions of marketing ethics and social responsibility, with the exception of the pricing strategy. The most important conclusion was the inadequacy of the pricing policies of companies, and thus their weak contribution to the achievement of social responsibility. While the most important recommendations were that companies should review their pricing policies, which contributes to their social responsibility in society.

The agricultural sector is an important economic sector that contributes significantly to economic development in developing countries with an important contribution bulk of the Gross domestic product of developing countries, Therefore; for the importance of this vital sector, this paper seek to classify agricultural lands not previously classified for all governorates, except the Kurdistan Region, to the extent of their validity for vegetable growing for the years (2005) and (2010). These two years are very important for the agricultural sector in Iraq, the first year (2005) comes after the collapse in this sector due to the political and economic vacuum after (2003), while the year (2010) marks the beginning of the advancement of the agricultural sector through the development of productive policies by the Ministry of Agriculture. The methods used to solve this problem are the hierarchical methods of cluster analysis in the analysis of data because these methods depend on the creation of clusters of the most similar variables and in our study these variables are the agricultural lands of the studied governorates. The paper also seeks to predict the quantities of production after (2010). We found that the northern provinces in general and Ninewa in particular is one of the most fertile and best agricultural land in Iraq, compared to the quantities of production of other provinces, despite the decline in the interest in the agricultural sector and also to lead in the formation of clusters before other provinces.

In this paper، the study of the unbalanced fuzzy assignment problem was highlighted after selection of the first line of the Degla factory / Baghdad Soft Drinks Company as a field of application. This study focused on unbalanced case that is common in real life، as well as in the presence of a fuzzy environment and unprecision in data. In order to deal with fuzzy data، Mag-method was used to convert it into crisp data that is easy to understand and deal with in decision making. After obtaining the crisp data، Geometric Mean Method was applied to the data to obtain the optimal solution. In addition، a mathematical model of the problem was built and solved it using Spyder (version 3.3.5) Program based on Gurobi Optimizer Program functions and compare the results obtained from Geometric Mean Method with the results of the Spyder Program to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of this method in achieving optimization. One of the most important results was، to give the Geometric Mean Method efficient and effective in achieving optimization.

As a result of the rapid developments in the technical and electronic side in recent decades and to exploit those developments in the service of the financial and economic world emerged crypto currencies, which became one of the most important topics that generated controversy among specialists, especially in terms of risk of those currencies. The main focus of this research is to measure the risk of crypto currencies by various measures to be Part of this controversy. To achieve the research objectives, five of the most important crypto currencies were selected: Bitcoin (BTC), Litecoin (LTC), Ripple (XPL), Ethereum (ETH)( ESO) as a sample for research, and from (1/1/2018) to (15/7/2019) The research reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which is "the need to work to find a special quantitative measure and a standard capable of measuring the risk of crypto currencies .

The research aims to study and analyze the contributions of the Iraqi production sectors in the indicators of output and employment, given that these sectors are among the most important elements of the economic structure of any country, and to study the Iraqi manufacturing sector in terms of its activities, sizes and diagnosis of imbalance in it. Through an inductive descriptive methodology for the components of the Iraqi economic structure, especially the manufacturing industry, in order to identify ways to improve the proportions of the contributions of the manufacturing industry, which is the leadership sector with its forward and backward entanglements that lead the country to effect a real change in the Iraqi economic structure. In addition to get rid of the domination of oil on the indicators of the economy, which caused the emergence of a structural imbalance of the Iraqi economy, and its exposure to external economic shocks. Therefore, economic and financial resources must be directed towards the productive sectors in particular the manufacturing industry, and to address the obstacles that hinder the work of their production activities, by directing investments towards these sectors to lead the country to growth and progress, by adopting a number of measures that improve the rates of the contributions of these sectors.

The research aims to identify the practices of green human resources management applied by the General Company for the manufacture of batteries, and its impact on organizational creativity. The problem of the research was the difficulty of applying all green human resources management practices within the company (Green Employment, and Green Training, and Green Performance Assessment, Green Motivation and Compensation Systems), this in turn impedes the process of creativity. The research sample included (30) managers and officials in the researched company. Having relied on the questionnaire in the collection of data and information on the practical side, which included (28) sections, and using the statistical program (SPSS). The research also examined the correlation and decline between green human resources management and organizational creativity.
The research revealed a set of results, the most important of which is the inverse relationship between dimension, green motivation and compensation systems and organizational innovation. This indicates that the company is facing a weakness in the system of rewards that it adopts; which reflects negatively on the ability of employees and their efforts in seeking to adopt new ideas, and creativity in their work. The most important recommendations are to direct the research company to adopt an effective incentive system based on the rewards given to employees as a result of their green orientation and creativity in the work, such as recycling waste, voluntary behavior in their work and the use of public transport to reduce the use of fuel when using private transport.

This research aims to highlight on the impact of strategic vigilance in entrepreneurship. In the present time, the vigilance has importance due to the developments and changes in marketing, competition, economic and political environment that surround companies. Baghdad Soft Drinks Company has been selected as a community for the study. A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data which was distributed to a sample of managers and public officials in the company (n = 30) and extracted the results of the research using the statistical program SPSS. The results showed that there was a significant correlation and effect between the two research variables (strategic vigilance and entrepreneurship). One of the most important recommendations is the need to avoid risk, through conducting feasibility studies for risky projects before implementing, encourage their members to implement them, take responsibility and take advantage of mistakes that can enhance entrepreneurship.

The present study sought to identify the nature of the relationship and impact between the human resources information system efficiency and the sources of administrative corruption at Rafidain Bank / altaakhi branch / 181, one of the formations of the Ministry of Finance in Baghdad / Iraq. In order to reach the objectives of the study, the researcher worked to provide an integrated theoretical aspect of the study variables using a questionnaire as a basic tool for the purpose of collecting data and information from the study sample, which contained (24) questions including all the variables of the study. In order to determine the nature of the relationship and impact of the study, the researcher distributed (31) questionnairs, Depending on the descriptive and analytical approach in the study of the hypotheses of the study through statistical data package (SPSS: V-24) and Excel (V-2013); the study concluded that there is a significant correlation between the human resources information system efficiency and the sources of administrative corruption in the researched bank. The study also came up with a package of recommendations and proposals, foremost of which was the need for the bank's management to make the most of all the capabilities of the human resources information system efficiency, especially in the field of human resource management to reduce the sources of administrative corruption.

The research analyzed and studied the issue of controlling the quality of educational attainment in the subject of cost accounting, by using the quality control charts of variables, which are (average arithmetic, range and standard deviation) with the aim of evaluating quality of the grades of achievement in that subject. The research problem arises from the low educational attainment indicators in the subject of cost accounting as a result of the use of traditional methods in the process of evaluating those indicators and the lack of scientific mathematical and statistical methods in controlling the quality of educational achievement in that subject as well as other subjects. Eight samples selected from research community, each sample consisted of (10) students. Therefore, the aim of the research was to use continuous statistical control methods on students' achievement grades in that subject. Research has hypothesized that the use of these methods in an accompanying and continuous manner of the educational process ensures a better quality level, and the research has adopted the descriptive and analytical approaches to reach the expected results. The conclusions of the research are that quality control maps aim to early detect deviations and detect defects in a timely manner, so they give early warning about them, which helps to address them at the lowest possible cost. Since those maps depend in their analysis of data on the method of previews this does not mean that there are no students who failed. The most important recommendations of the research are the need to use quality control maps technology to monitor the outcomes of the educational process at all stages, provide infrastructure commensurate with the required quality standards, and develop training and development programs in the field of quality control statistically.

Data protection is a major concern for information security professionals. Due to the rapid development of the means of exchanging information over the Internet and its large quantities, it is necessary to develop methods to protect the Information from intruders (Hackers or Crackers) by using cryptographic algorithms such as (AES, DES, RSA ...etc.) with fast processing and data protection. There are other ways to protect the data by hiding it in a certain medium, such as using an image or video or audio file.
This search uses Data Encryption Standard (DES) to encrypt the data then convert this data to a picture of a particular pattern used to randomize the distribution of data in the form of different point’s colors and sites and send it over the internet. The proposed system has been implemented on the local network between two devices running on (Windows10) as well as applied on the Internet in a continuous manner.

Many of digital processing techniques are used to extract most of the possible information from satellite images, one of these techniques is Tasseled Cap band transformation. This research aims to study the effect of band transformation on the amount and quality of information extracted from Landsat 7 ETM+ images. Multispectral image classification based on raw and Tasseled Cap transformed band were applied. The results showed that the Tasseled Cap give good spectral enhancements and feature extraction which are undistinguishable in raw image, and represent good tool to increase the accuracy of classification.

Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral disorder that the clear etiology is un known. These ulcers are painful and caused serious complications in eating, talking and swallowing that make an individual requires treatment to relieve these symptoms. Corticosteroids and analgesics considered the first choice for RAS patients. Some of these drugs lead to many complications; so many therapies have been tried to find alternative modalities. Natural herbs and plants gain global interest due to their distinct properties, recently they are directed to be employed in medicine and dental care. Sage (Salvia officinalis) and curcumin are among the most prominent herbal substances that have been used in medicine and dentistry. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of a mouthwash containing Sage (Salvia officinalis) with curcumin extracts as natural herbal medicine in treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS).
Method: The study was carried for the period of (November 2019-January 2020), where 74 patients visited a consultant educational clinic of Al-Mustansiriyah University, Collage of Dentistry complaining of minor oral ulcers. A special questionnaire was designed for the purpose of data collection. Criteria in this study include the evaluation of ulcer size, remission of pain, and time needed for complete healing. Two study groups were included, the first group uses Sage mouthwash and second group curcumin mouth wash, both groups rinse for 1 minute five times for five days, the comparisons were based on the results of statistical analysis conducted by SPSS.
Results: Through statistical comparison between the two studied groups, the pain mean of apthous ulcer in the second visit was 3.93±1.52 sage group that is less than the pain mean in the curcumin group 4.73±1.2, and it was significant as for the third visit. Decrease in the pain mean of the sage group compared with the curcumin group 0.81±1.09 and 2.77±1.59 respectively, highly significant difference between the two groups (( t=-6.257,P=0.000). The mean of healing duration was5.32± 1.65 in the sage group, while in the curcumin group was 4.56 ± 1.20, there was a significant difference between the two studied groups. (t=-2.010,P = 0.048) .
Conclusion: Herbal medicine can be acknowledged as a promising therapy. There is some confirmation of the potential utilization of the natural herbal medicines according to improved RAS outcome measures.
Recommendation: More studies should be conducted with promising natural herbs which deals with more benefits and achievements in the dental field.