Kirkuk Journal of Science

In this work, the effect of sunspots number (Ri) on the Total electronic content (TEC)
were studied for the years (2008, 2014, 2018) which represents the rising phase, the peak and
the down phase of the solar cycle 24 over Kirkuk station in Iraq at latitude 35° North and
longitude 44°
East, by finding the TEC values for the E – layer, the layer’
s impression times
are determined for the days of solstice and equinox. In this study the International Reference
Ionosphere program (IRI) program have been applied to find the values of TEC which
provided by the space research committee (COSPAR) and International Union of Radio
Sciences (URSI), IRI have three upper side electron density options. The accuracy of this
study was verified by the application conducted of the university of Hacettepe in Ankara,
Turkey by matching the reading of TEC from Global Position System (GPS) with output data
of TEC from the IRI for Ankara station which located at (39.7 N;32.76 E). And from this
investigation turns out that the output data from the option IRI2001 was more consistent with
reading of the GPS, than the rest of the other options. From this study by using the statistical
program Minitab version 2018. There is a strong correlation between the Total Electron
Content (TEC) of Ionospheric layer E and Sunspot number for solar cycle 24.

The massive use of the internet in our contemporary life relates to the increase of the
exchange of information through the Internet networks. Due to the importance of the
information and to preserve its confidentiality, it protects using theories as well as strategies
from attack or abuse.
The aim of the research is to design an algorithm to encrypt text symbols to
understandable symbols using private table that contains representation of ASCII of English
characters with their suitable Sumerian system numbers. Each letter of the text is converted
to ASCII code then encoded as an image using the private table, After that these images are
combined together and saved as a new image as a Sumerian image. This image is encrypted
first with unintelligible key image that is generated from three external key’s (kr, kg, and kb)
to be the first stage encryption image. Then the second stage image generates from encrypting
the first stage image with another input key image using XOR function which increases
image security. The proposed algorithm gives double stage encryption and high degree of
security level because of using Sumerian system and using different keys and security
methods. Through using the histograms on all tested images, the result image demonstrate the
efficiency of the system visually.

The present study aims to assess the pollution of groundwater with toxic heavy elements
and their carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects on health in the study area. For this
purpose, 5 samples of groundwater wells were taken and analyzed for their content of the
elements (Pb, As, Cr) using the ICP-MS device in the ACME laboratory in Vancouver /
Canada. The results of these five wells showed that their concentrations rates increased
according to the following order Pb> Cr> As, as they reached 45.34, 11.8, and 0.74 µg l-1
,
respectively, and the lead, arsenic and chromium levels in the five samples were within the
permitted ranges according to FAO standards, the spatial distribution of the three elements
showed that the lead concentration in groundwater was high in the eastern regions, which may
be due to the impact of vehicle emissions and agricultural activities, while arsenic and
chromium concentrations were high in the central and southwestern regions of the study area,
which may be attributed to the effects of agricultural and industrial activities. And it was
found by applying the indicators of heavy elements pollution (MI, HPI) and health risk factors
that the five wells under study are not contaminated to low pollution with these elements
respectively, and do not pose any carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks to the
population of the study area of adults and children through skin contact pathway.

Laboratory tests of three fungicides, dithane M-45 (mancozeb), captan 50 and rhizolex
with four concentrations each 0.0, 50, 100 and 200 mg active inegradient/l of Potato Dextrose
Agar (PDA) medium on the growth of fungi Macrophomina phasealina 2 isolates of
Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agents of damping off and root rot of
okra, Dithane M-45 showed high inhibition (100%) effect for the mycelial growth of
pathogenic fungi at 100 mg a.c/l PDA. Treating okra (Ablelmoschus esculentus) seeds (local
cultivar) by various concentrations of dithane M-45 (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0) gm/kg seeds with
the microbial polysaccharide produced by the fungus Alternaria alternata or Arabic gum (5
gm/l distilled water) was superior than the fungicide alone through all the treatments in
causing significant decrease in % infection and disease severity of the seeding damping off
disease at conc. 3 gm/kg seeds with the polysaccharide which gave 4 %, 5.33 % and 0.07
respectively and 8.7 %, 10.0 % and 0.15 with the arabic gum respectively. There were no significant differences noticed between the treatment of the seeds with the polysaccharide
with the arabic gum in reducing% infection and disease severity of the disease. Also, it caused
significant increase in the length of shoot and root systems and dry weight of the plants which
reached 16.33 cm, 6.04 cm and 0.0204 gm at 3 gm/kg seeds with the polysaccharide and
13.91 cm, 4,99 cm and 0.144 gm for arabic gum respectively as compared with the treatment
by the fungicide dithane M-45 alone (without sticking material) which gave 11.95 cm, 3.95
cm and 0.124 gm respectively.

This study aims the validity of INJANA sandstone formation rocks exposed in the
Sallahaddin government / shirqat district for building purposes and railway ballast stone.
The study including sampling from three stations and prepared samples for laboratory
tests which revealed that values of unconfined compressive strength, flexural strength,
density, absorption and mechanical absorption ranges between (7.97-12.28) MPa, (3.71-4.74)
MPa, (1.75-1.82) gm/cm3 , (1.13-1.16) %, and (82.3-89.2) % , respectively.
The geotechnical test shows that the sandstone rocks are not suitable for dimensions
stone purposes expected station (1) according to (ASTM, C-568-99,2004) and not suitable for
railway ballast stone purposes according to (O.R.B.D 1999 Raymond1979).

This study aims the validity of INJANA sandstone formation rocks exposed in the
Sallahaddin government / shirqat district for building purposes and railway ballast stone.
The study including sampling from three stations and prepared samples for laboratory
tests which revealed that values of unconfined compressive strength, flexural strength,
density, absorption and mechanical absorption ranges between (7.97-12.28) MPa, (3.71-4.74)
MPa, (1.75-1.82) gm/cm3 , (1.13-1.16) %, and (82.3-89.2) % , respectively.
The geotechnical test shows that the sandstone rocks are not suitable for dimensions
stone purposes expected station (1) according to (ASTM, C-568-99,2004) and not suitable for
railway ballast stone purposes according to (O.R.B.D 1999 Raymond1979).