Al-Rafidain University College For Sciences

Although many studies have been conducted with regards to the mortality rate of infants in Iraq, there are still no rigid models that unambiguously could diagnose and build up some models, methods and methodologies to reduce these increasing rates. The dilemma of this research is the lack, or in fact, the absence of concrete mathematical models that can construct firm strategies to uncover some methodologies which dramatically can reduce such scary rates of infants mortality in Iraq. The primary aim of the research is to develop models that can define and explain the problematical situation, diagnose the factors, explore the related critical issues of infant mortality and build up strategies. The developments of these models are based on proper statistical and mathematical analyses Developments of these models are based on proper statistical and mathematical analyses. The significances of the paper are to improve the performance of the government’s offices by enriching and enhancing their data by such models and analyses; such as taking precise and proactive decisions and helps to forecast, decrease and avoid such infants’ mortality rates in the future. Also, it aids to draw some strategies in the short, middle and long terms. The data in this paper is relied on the survey of the mothers’ mortality rate and poverty map which was conducted in 2012. The methods of Logistic Regression have been conducted as well as Linear Regression (Log Linear, Quadratic and Cubic & Logistic Growth Curve). The method of Multiple Linear Regression has been considered to conduct this research. Then a proposal of developing a future strategy has been given to first decrease the infants mortality rates and second to provide the proper environment for infants. The Simplex Method was chosen to develop the proposal based on selected variables. Then these variables were manually moved within the limited range in one time and exceeded the limited range by the central statistics center in the other time to find out the least rate of infants mortality.
The results of this research are 1) the perfect square area of infant's family is 300. 2) The perfect sanitary system of infant's family house is public net 3) The education level of infant's mother is high school. 3) The perfect number of kids of mothers who have (1-13 kids) is one. 4) The perfect number of kids for mothers who have (14-25 kids) is 14.

This research aims to study and measure the possibility of turning the Iraqi private banks to learning organizations, through measuring and testing the Availability of entrepreneurial, governance and strategic orientation dimensions.
The search departs of his problem, which was the need of the Iraqi private to a deeper understanding of the learning organization dimensions and thus its impact on the success of the bank to achieve its objectives, or protect it from falling into failure, and leave banking market. So it was necessary to find a strategy, is the basis of learning from the mistakes of the past and adopt the principle of creativity and knowledge, within the court system called learning organization. Find've reached many of the results that the most important dimensions of learning organizations in Iraqi banks available moderately, and that is troubled banks are best able to switch to an educated organizations

Labor relations, in old ages, were characterized by simplicity and non complexity. Man's economic nature was not much different from that of animals, which satisfy their needs by natural products available around them. Individual life had been developed to constitute a family connected closely with each other to protect its interests. Then, society had been split up because of thrall and servitude where inequality was prevailed and exploitation for workmen was badly broken out. By the advent of Islam, employers were obliged not to use their moneys to cause damage for others, nor to burden them excessively. Should the employees accept lesser wages out of want, employer has to pay them what they deserve. Moreover, from the Islamic prospective, the minimum wages for workmen should meet all needs of a family including food, clothing and shelter, that will be determined by the society in which the employees are living, and should be equal to that of the employer's family, as the prophet, Mohammed (S), said " whoever has a brother under his control, he has to feed him and clothe him from whichever he eats or wears". The social and economical Philosophy of Islam was a committed, moral, humanitarian and divine Philosophy. It is valid and suitable to be a system of life for all times and places. It also has an answer for any perplex question or any an intractable problem of mankind communities that may not be easily solved.

The paper "The Importance of The Role of Iraqi security market directing Investments/ a questionnaire paper attempts to focus attention on the importance this financial market and their role under the crucial circumstances of Iraq with the continuous drop of oil price and its' affect on the Iraqi state budget which is characterized by abstention. Thus and for the extensive negative effects of the economic situation of Iraq, the researcher attempts to focus attention on the Iraqi capital market and particularly from the perspective of investors to give an opportunity for the market to play their genuine role in the development through attracting and steering investments, particularly small credits of savers which would in sum important investments of economic weight. The aspects of the paper dealt with methodology of paper, capital market, conclusions and recommendations as the following :
1. The most significant conclusion is the certainty of Iraqi investors of the importance of the capital market in attracting and directing investments in spite of the current circumstances taking in accont theneed to develop the Iraqi capital market and issuing legislations to support it in addition to the importance of good performance of mediators and the necessity of investment awareness in the market.
2. The recommendations can be put as follows:Employing the certainty of Iraqi investors of the important role of capital market in order to increase the number of investment projects and facilitating market procedures and the necessity of issuing supporting procedures for investment and exchanges and demanding for more skills and experiences to be acquired by mediators and the spread of investment awareness by extending the links between activites of Iraqi market of securities and various media via internet.

The case report presented a 4-years-old male patient with severely decayed maxillary incisors teeth. After root canal treatment, the primary maxillary central and lateral incisors were reinforced using glass fiber reinforced composite resin short posts and restored using celluloid strip crowns. The technique described a simple and effective method for restoring severely decayed primary anterior teeth that reestablishes function, shape, and esthetics.

In microwave negative resistance oscillators, the RF transistor presents impedance with a negative real part at either of its input or output ports. According to the conventional theory of microwave negative resistance oscillators, in order to sustain oscillation and optimize the output power of the circuit, the magnitude of the negative real part of the input/output impedance should be maximized. This paper discusses the effect of the circuit’s load impedance on the input negative resistance and other oscillator performance characteristics in common base microwave oscillators. New closed-form relations for the optimum load impedance that maximizes the magnitude of the input negative resistance have been derived analytically in terms of the Z-parameters of the RF transistor. Furthermore, nonlinear CAD simulation is carried out to show the deviation of the large-signal optimum load impedance from its small-signal value. It has been shown also that the optimum load impedance for maximum negative input resistance differs considerably from its value required for maximum output power under large-signal conditions. A 1.8 GHz oscillator circuit has been designed and simulated using a typical SiGe hetero-junction bipolar transistor (HBT) to verify the proposed approach of analysis.

The irrigation systems, water supply system, sewage water system ….etc. Dealing with many types of pipes and fittings depending on the applications. The current study was concert on test the polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes experimentally and theoretically under external loads and internal pressure to simulate the application conditions of pipes which are buried under ground used to transit the fluid under pressure such as drink water, sewage water or any other purpose and find out the deformation, stress and strain due to this loads. The tested was carried out for two size (actual and standard) of the two pipes (PE and PVC). The external load represented by a force in range (10-50KN), and the internal loads represented in pressure in range (5-20 bar). In the experiment a hydraulic press was used to supply the external load and hydraulic pump to supply the internal pressure with two adapter on the two end of tested pipe. The results showed that the deformation, stress and strain increase with increase in internal and external loads and the peak values of that were in the maximum internal and external loads (20 bar internal pressure and 50KN external force), also the experimental tests match the numerical calculation for both actual and standard size.

Iraqi bio-ethanol can be used as an alternative fuel to gasoline to reduce the total CO2 emissions from internal combustion engines. This paper devoted to investigate the effect of usage of two blending ratios of 10 and 20% of bio-ethanol to gasoline with the addition of 10% hot and cool EGR. The experimental work was carried out on a multi-cylinders spark ignition engine at variable engine torque, speed, and spark timing conditions.
The results show that adding bio-ethanol to gasoline reduced NOx and smoke opacity, and this influence alters with blends ratio complied with a certain pattern. EGR addition opposite smoke reduction consequence and limited it. Cool EGR resulted in lower NOx and higher emitted smoke. Retarding spark timing reduces NOx concentrations highly but increases smoke opacity. Advancing spark timing increases NOx but reduces smoke opacity.

Friction drilling is a non-conventional method for hole making in thin sheet metals. It depends on many parameters regarding the tool conical angle, process conditions and material parameters. In this work, the effect of process conditions and pre-drill diameter on temperature, drilling force, bushing height and bushing thickness of A6063-T6 aluminum alloy were studied. It was found that adding a pre-hole to the plate helps in obtaining uniform bushing thickness and reduces the heat and force required to perform the process.

This research sought to identify the role of knowledge-based systems in achievement of education quality standards (EQS) which are key requirement for the future Universities, Data was collected using a questionnaire,(185) questionnaires were distributed and analyzed ,where the distribution of a random sample of university professors in (university of Mustansiriyah) , Model analyzing and testing the validity of this model using structural modeling (SEM) (Structural Equation Modeling).
And then test the relationships between variables using the software of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS V.18), The results show that: The commitment of using knowledge-based systems will enhance and improve the education quality standards, and this need to be supported by many requirements like human, finance and technology .

Service systems depends on the degree of contact between the customer and place of service It is classified into contact with a high-Services (active contact) and without communication services (passive contact). and There are services located between two contact (Dual contact) . Depending on the approach taken in the case study The current research is trying to analyze the reality of the reservation process in the main reservation office in the Iraqi Airways and Based on the concepts related to the distinction between these types of contact Between the service provider and the customer and measure their impact on the efficient service system It has been relying on the customer contact model (CCM) Which ranked in the service Reservations Airlines within the customer contact system The most important conclusions reached in the confrontations or contact in the service system makes The customer enters service in the process of production and which affects the efficiency of the process service applications We note that in the back-office services and efficiency are the most influential on the elements of the work While in the front office skill Service Provider affect its interaction with the customer Which often adds new input unexpected when his request for a reservation service which increases the time of its interaction with the service provider who appeared to have effective contact with customers affect the efficiency of the production, which will be reduced When the customer contact time is the largest and most important recommendations must work to reduce the active contact to raise the level of service during the time of the customer service operations definition and the internal arrangement is good for reservation staff to get rid of excess loops and which do not add value to the service provided through the preparation of all procedures within the Electronic Program and the adoption of an advanced information system.

The current study was based on the two variables which interact with each other to form it's general framework: (Organizational factors and Banking services ). The study started from a problem which had been expressed by a number of questions, aimed at the impact of the organizational factors in banking service. The study included the bank of the Middle East and the bank of Baghdad and some of their branches in Baghdad. A sample of upper, middle and lower rank of directors was used in the study. They were totally around (69) views. Descriptive and analytic approach was used in the study to show the characteristics of the sample which had been studied. Many statistical information processing were used including correlation (Pearson) to select the correct hypothesis link. It was relied on simple decline linear to select the correction of the hypothesis impact. The study found the existence of the effect of a statistically significant for the regulatory factors combined in the banking systems; most effective was the information systems, while the results showed no effect for independent dimensions of the organizational structure and shared values in the banking service. The study concluded a set of recommendations, notably, the banks must adopt a clear strategy suitable for the work of the bank and capable of achieving its goals and working on, to involve employees in decision-making process as well as the reduction of the procedures and mechanisms but not inconsistent with the public policy established by the Central bank.

Actually the production is classify to excellent, good, medium, and bad, that the percentage of defective in production have a fuzziness character (vagueness) , and to deal with the case of un certainty resulted from vagueness, we construct a fuzzy control charts by using probabilistic and membership approaches based on transformation methods (fuzzy mode, fuzzy midrange, fuzzy median , fuzzy average) . we present two approaches (probabilistic and membership) for constructing control charts for quality assurance when the observations are in the form of linguistic data . Both approaches based on fuzzy set theory and use fuzzy subset to model the linguistic terms used to describe product quality. They differ in the interpretation of the control limits and in the procedure used to reduce the fuzzy subsets to scalars for determining the chart parameters .

The research aims to identify the impact of successful intelligence types (analytical, creative and practical) in career empowerment, adopting an integral approach, description and analysis of its variables. The research sample consists of 41 individuals, representing the departments and sections managers and centers of municipality in the Baghdad Municipality-Al Shaab Municipality, which was a field to conduct the research. To answer the questions raised in the problem of the research, it formulated a supposed scheme to reflect the impact and the correlation between variables, resulting in two major hypotheses with three sub-hypotheses, each was tested using a number of statistical descriptive and analytical methods available in ready made software ( SPSS ), through a questionnaire designed based on the approved scientific sources.
The research arrived at conclusions, the most important of them is that the surveyed organization take advantage of the successful intelligence to make changes to influence the career empowerment, through practical capacities that have a contribution and an influential role in the career empowerment more than capacity ( creative and analytical ).
The research ends with a set of appropriate recommendations, including: strengthening the practices of human resources management within the steps of Selection process, focusing on the capabilities of the successful intelligence ( analytical, creative and practical), in which it determines the acceptance of director candidate for the vacant job or withhold acceptance of his .

The research aims at clarifying the concept of the economies of investment management in account receivable (forward sales) through establishing or inventing economic management specialized in the trade credit management that works at improving the investment decisions in account receivable by estimating and forecasting the achievement level of economic goals due to their adoption, represented by the suitable liquidity and profitability and the reduction of investing costs as possible using the instruments and means of economic analysis such as analytical tables, logic data, financial ratios and statistical methods.. since the research limitations and its goal achievement are framed to face the current problems witnessed by the national (local) industry represented by the Company of Modern Sewing as a study case, the research significance came and the conclusions it has arrived at, the most important of which are:
1. The main factor which made the Company of Modern Sewing fully stop their products of ready clothes is that its management was and is still dealing with the factors of environmental effect as fixed non-changeable factors, defined and known for the company.
2. Thus, the company does not have now the proper and necessary plans for adapting with the effect of its environmental periphery novelties.
Therefore, the research addresses the most important main recommendations as the following:
1. Inventing a department specialized in managing the trade credit with which an economic section is connected under the name (the Section of Studies and Economic Analysis) concerned with studying and analyzing the investment decisions in account receivable.
2. The company management should look into the work at achieving the balance between liquidity and profitability and try to reduce the costs due to investing in account receivable, as being the economic problems which should be controlled and treated within the frame of changeable environment unstable or always known to it.

The present paper deals with the financial performance assessment of a sample of shareholder company in the light of two dimensions , namely , profitability and marketing according to a number of common financial indicators and then to what extent these companies are successful in achieving the balance between the two aforementioned dimentions since they stand for basic aims that should be achieved to lift the financial performance level of these companies . The current research paper aims at stating the financial performance in both profitability a marketing indicators of these companies that are listed under AL – Iraq market for stock exchange and revealing the important role played by these companies and analyzing the level of profitability and marketing and to what extent the followed procedures are much more effective to maximize the profits. the paper also attempts to come to scientific and practical results that may help the financial decision – maker in these companies to figure out the nature of relationship between performance assessment and profitability and marketing indicators.
The current research paper has been carried out on a sample of a number of a companies amounting to 20 Iraqi companies listed under Al – Iraq market for stock Exchange. The current research paper comes to a number of conclusions and recommendations. Chief of them are as follows : Instability of the external environment associated with economical environment of these companies under study led to crucial fluctuations in its profitability that may lead to loss or bank rupuey.
The most important recommendations the paper has come to is that companies should provide internal control system to evaluate financial assessment and to check and evaluate This system regularily (monthly – quarterly to make sure of performance effectiveness ad suitability) .

This paper proposes an anti-phishing web site system it is carried out by the two following stages: Registration phase; the user enters username and password then (his/her) fingerprint, server site selects virtual fingerprint image. The fusion will be applied to fuse real fingerprint with virtual one, fused image will be input to visual cryptography(VC) scheme to produce two shares, one share kept with user in addition to fuse image, and other shares are kept with the server. Authentication phase; in this phase the user enters the password and is asked to enter the fingerprint. Pattern recognition is done to determine if it is hacker or authenticated user, when the server accepts the fingerprint the user will be required to input (his/her) share, so the user share is stacked with server share and generated image is displayed. The user will decide if it’s a phishing site or not depending on the displayed image (after matching it with the image that the server shared through registration phase).
From many experimental works conducted on the proposal, we notice the strength is centered in image fusion. Where the fused fingerprint images have higher quality (entropy) than the single fingerprint image, that increases randomness of the VC shares which are extracted from the fused fingerprint.

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) protocol was adopted as security protocol to protect IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN from unauthorized access, eavesdropping and other attacks. Over the past few years, several serious security flaws discovered in WEP protocol and its underlying cryptographic primitives (data integrity and encryption algorithms). These flaws lead to a number of practical attacks that demonstrate that WEP fails to achieve its security goals. In this research an attempt is accomplish to improve the encryption algorithm “Standard RC4” of WEP protocol through proposing an enhanced algorithm named as “Proposed RC4+S” that would overcome the security flaws and strengthen the level of security and protection for WEP protocol. Then evaluate the proposed algorithm “RC4+S” to prove the advance of research proposal, which illustrated through the following result: the proposed RC4+S algorithm increases (secret-key) the randomness by approximately more than (20%), thus leading to improve output (ciphertext) randomness of modified WEP protocol compared to standard protocol.