Journal of Techniques

The performance of photovoltaic (PV) module is greatly affected by ambient conditions such as solar irradiance and air temperature. Increasing the ambient temperature plays a major role in raising the PV temperature and then reducing its performance by reducing its voltage. In this work, an experimental investigation was carried out to enhance the performance of PV module by using the thermal-photovoltaic (PVT) technique. The PVT was prepared by integrating the PV module with an air duct. The air was forced by an electrical centrifugal fan with variable speeds (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 m/s). The analysis of the obtained results showed that the PVT technique can be lower the PV temperature from 5 to 16 °C when the air volume flow rate changed from 335 to 760 m3/h. In contrast, the maximum enhancement of PVT power was recorded 8.2% at maximum air volume flow rate 760 m3/h causing in a maximum electrical efficiency about 17.9%.

This work aims to join an aluminium alloy together with a pre-holed carbon steel sheet by extrusion the aluminium through a steel hole with a rivet shape to avoid the joint pull out. AA 5052 and AISI 1006 sheets were assembled with a lap structure such that the aluminium sample was placed above the steel. A rivet head die was put under the steel hole. The aluminium was extruded through the rivet head die passing via the steel hole utilizing a friction spot technique by a rotating tool. The influence of the hole diameter, rotating speed and plunging depth of the tool on the rivet head dimensions and joints shear force and strength were investigated by the design of experiments approach. Joint macrostructure was examined. The aluminium metal was successfully extruded with a rivet shape. The steel hole diameter displayed the most increased influence on the rivet head dimensions and the joints shear force. Incrementing the plunging depth of the tool raised the joint\'s shear strength. The joined samples failed by shearing the extruded aluminium at the steel hole surface without pull-out the formed rivet head. The joining mechanism appeared with a mechanical interlock and without formation inter-metallic compounds between the two materials. For the first time, the AA 5052 and pre-holed AISI 1006 sheets were joined by extrusion the aluminium during a solid rivet head. The highest shear strength of the joint exceeded those of the AA 5052 by 55%.

Cancer antigen15-3" "(CA15-3)" is utilized as a "tumor marker" in "breast cancer". In the metastatic situation, it has been
regarded as having a predictive role. However, the usefulness of utilized serum "CA15-3" in preoperative "breast" cancer
remains argumentative. Therefore this "study" focused to estimate the association of preoperative serum "CA15-3" level with
clinico-pathological characteristics in Iraqi women patients with breast tumor and their efficiency for the prediction
of primary "breast cancer". "Preoperative" "CA15-3" levels were assessed by ELISA technique in 60 Iraqi women with breast
tumor (30 with primary "breast cancer" and 30 with "benign breast" tumor) before surgery and treatment, as well as 30 "
healthy" controls. In addition, the clinico-pathological characteristics information of all the patients was reported. The CA15-3"
level showed "significant" difference between its level of the sera of primary "breast cancer" women in comparison to the
"benign breast" tumor women (p <0.001) and "healthy" control women one (p <0.001). The "area under curve" (AUC) of "
CA15-3" for discriminating patients with primary "breast cancer" and "healthy" control subjects was
0.720 (95% CI: 0.589 to 0.828). Furthermore, the present study showed that higher "preoperative" "CA15-3" level was
significantly associated with a larger "tumor size" and "lymph node" metastases. This means that elevated "CA15-3" is
correlation with an increased "tumor burden", suggesting its predictive value.

Statement of problem: The heat cure denture base material's wear resistance. Purpose: The goal of the research was to determine the wear resistance of heat-cured acrylic denture base material after covering it with light-polymerized glaze. Material and methods. Thirty acrylic resin specimens were divided into three groups depending upon the tests, each group consisting of ten specimens (A) control group was unprocessed, group (B) was surface processed with Optiglaze color materials after finishing and polishing, and group (C) specimens were surfaces treated with Optiglaze color materials after finishing but not polishing. The difference in weights before and after the wear test was used to compute the weight loss of each specimen. SPSS version 20 was employed to do statistical analysis on the data collected. Results: The results of this study show the higher mean values for wear resistance were registered by the (C) group which was 8.7418, followed by the (B) group which was7.3235, while the lowest mean value was related to the (A) group which was7.0883. Conclusions: When compared to group A, there was no statistically significant wear value in heat cure acrylic resin specimens covered with Optiglaze group (C).Clinical implications: This research will help us learn more about surface glazed heat cure acrylic resin denture materials and how they might increase wear resistance. This study will aid dental professionals and technicians in choosing the best polishing and coating material for dentures.

Background: Poly-methylmethacrylate is the most used dental material for the construction of removable prosthodontic appliances. Unfortunately, it has shown to be lacking two important properties which are radio-opacity and mechanical strength. Zinc-oxide (ZnO) powder is widely used in dentistry and considered as semiconductor material with the radio-opaque property.
Purpose: To determine the effect of ZnO filler powder on some mechanical properties (impact and transverse strength) of microwave-cured acrylic denture base.
Approach: The ZnO powder was added to the acrylic polymer powder in two percentages of 2% and 4% by weight. The prepared sample of acrylic resin was evaluated with impact and transverse strength (n=10). ANOVA and Tukey test were used at P-value of (P≤0.05).
Results: Significant reduction in the transverse strength was noticed in the acrylic denture base with the incorporation of ZnO powder as a filler material in both concentrations. However, non-significant differences were observed in the impact strength with the incorporation of ZnO filler agent.
Conclusions: The addition of ZnO radio-opacifier powder as a filler agent could affect the properties (impact and transverse strength) of microwave-cured acrylic resin .

The most Gram statistical significant causes of male infertility are male urogenital tract infection, being related with 8%-35% of male infertility. The detrimental effect of bacterial infection with male infertility was no whole agreement. The aim of this work showed the influence of Gram negative bacteria on semen quality among infertile male. A total of 50 semen specimen were collected from infertile men and 50 samples from healthy individual as control group were attending Kamal Al-Sammrai Hospital / Baghdad during the period 25 May 2020 to 15 October 2020. Bacteriospermia identification in semen specimens were first prepared by the classical culture methods and confirmation by Vitek 2 system. The present study revealed that, 38% isolates were Gram negative and 62% was no growth. Escherichia coli (22%) followed by Enterobacter cloacae (4%), Klebsiella pneumonia (4%) and each of Raoultella ornithinolytica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Citrobacter freundii at a percentage (2%) and only one (1%) unidentify. This work indicated that some of Gram negative bacteria lead to poor health of seminal fluid. Record of Gram negative bacilli were sensitive to Vancomycin, Rifampicin and Trimmethoprim/sulfamethoxazole combination drug while Fusidicacid was resistant from most Gram negative bacilli. Semen investigation for bacterial detection in infertile males should be done regularly because bacteria may be having negative effect on the semen quality.

Self-polymerized resins are extensively utilized in removable prosthodontics for a variety of applications in maxillofacial rehabilitation, including interim appliances, repairs, relines, customized trays, and record bases. These materials, on the other hand, are prone to fracture. The goal of this study was to see how titanium dioxide nanoparticles affected the flexural strength of self-polymerized resins. A total of 30 samples were prepared from self-polymerized acrylic resins (control, 1% TiO2, and 2% TiO2). Using a universal testing machine, all samples were subjected to a flexural strength test until they fractured. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 20, and the Duncan test and ANOVA tests were used to compare all groups. The results showed that TiO2 increased the flexural strength of acrylic resins substantially when compared to the control. Furthermore, significant differences (P<0.001) were found among all groups. The addition of TiO2 increases the flexural strength of acrylic resins

Background: Micro RNA 142-5p may one day be employed as diagnostic or therapeutic targets in the therapy of autoimmune diseases. The expression of microRNA142-5p in serum from newly diagnosed patients with Hashimoto\'s thyroiditis has only been studied in a few cases in tissue expression. In addition, elevated microRNA142-5p in tissue is associated with reduced Claudin1 tissue expression in thyrocyte HT patients. This study tries to evaluate these findings in serum of HT before starting treatment. Methods: One hundred-twenty subjects enrolled in this study, divided as 40 newly diagnosed HT patients before treatment are classified into (Euthyroid HT, Subclinical HT and Overt HT) based on thyroid function test presentation, 40 non-immune hypothyroidism and 40 healthy controls. The possible mechanisms of microRNA-142-5p in Hashimoto\'s thyroiditis were investigated by measuring serum MicroRNA 142-5p by quantitative RT-PCR, in addition, to measuring serum Claudin1 by sandwich ELISA. Results: At the time of presentation, the outcome of the tests revealed that 12.5 per cent of HT patients had euthyroidism, 30 per cent had overt thyroiditis, and 57.5 per cent had sub-clinical thyroiditis. miR-142-5p, that\'s been found to be expressed at significant levels in HT patient serum. Moreover, the ELISA test demonstrated serum Claudin1 was no significant difference between studied groups. Conclusions: Our data suggest that micro RNA 142-5pmay play a role in HT development and pathogenesis through an as-yet-unidentified mechanism, despite the fact that serum Claudin1 is not significantly affected in the serum of HT. Chemical thyroid function characteristics at the time of HT manifestation in adults are mostly influenced by the age of the patients and gender.

Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic "malady has raised levels of blood glucose, which in last, it will cause severe harmness to "the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves". In this article trials to investigate the development of the renal and liver disorders among the patient of "T2DM" in a population of Kirkuk city. The hospital-based cases- control study was conducted for patients with Type 2 diabetes patients that attended of the diabetic clinics in Kirkuk during the period from March 2021– August 2021 were screened for serum concentration of liver function tests ("Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)), renal function tests (Creatinine and Urea)" especially in relation to ("family history of diabetes, hypertension were recorded. Among the Type 2 diabetes patients recruited for this study, serum urea and creatinine in "T2DM" patients was significantly more than in "control", p < .001, while for renal glomular filtration rates was significantly lower than control group, p < 001. There kidney disease stages frequencies were significantly difference between the diabetic patients and control P< 0.001. The Stage (II) was the most frequently stage within the "T2DM" group (n = 58, 58%). While stage (I) was the most frequently observed category within the control group (n = 28, 56%). the mean of AST for T2DM (30.63± 6.08) was significantly more than the control (25.13± 4.32). T2DM reveal significantly differences in the mean value (32.51± 8.96) of ALT that was more than control (20.59± 4.38). The findings of this study show the estimation of GFR as soon as possible with testing of urea and creatinine confirm the diagnosis of renal disease and staging of the renal disease. The results of patients with diabetes type 2 the tests of liver enzymes illustrate significant correlation in comparison to control group

The development of polymer chemically produce alternative materials to polymethyl methacrylate such as nylon, epoxy resin, these resins are modified by thermoplastic process. The disadvantage of acrylic resin is colonization of microorganism growth of fungi and candida adhesion. study is designed to evaluation and compared the consequence of silver nitrate fillers reinforcement flexible acrylic hardness as one of mechanical properties to find the effect of various concentration. (0.1and 0. 2) ml of the filler (silver nitrate) additive to the flexible acrylic.
Forty five (45) specimens prepared for testing in this study. The hardness test used in this study. The sample of this test was divided into (3) groups (control group) and experimental groups as following:
Group A= (15) specimens without silver nitrate (control group 0% silver nitrate).
Group B= (15) specimens with (0.1ml) silver nitrate.
Group C= (15) specimens with (0.2ml) silver nitrate.
All control and test groups were processed curred then finishing and polishing, the specimens ready for testing. Shore A test against concentration of silver nitrate the result of this study showed high significant increase in the mean value of hardness for control groups to the silver nitrate compared with experimental groups

The most frequent first trimester problem is miscarriage, which affects 20% of pregnancies. In approximately 20-25 percent of confirmed pregnancies, threatened miscarriage is indeed a risk factor that may develop or resolve. This study was aimed to assess the impact of certain HLA-G gene SNPs and sHLA-G serum levels in order to determine whether they play a role in threatening abortions. This study included 90 subjects who were separated into three groups: 30 patients (threatened abortion patients), 60 controls (30 healthy pregnant women and 30 healthy non pregnant women). All of the study groups were between the ages of 20 and 35 years old. The mean sHLA-G level in pregnant women's sera was found to be 430.38 Pg/ml, compared to 307.98 Pg/ml in the threatened abortion group and 192.11 Pg/ml in non-pregnant women (P= 0.001).The rs2249863 T/C/G was a statistically significant different between the T allele and the G allele, with an odds ratio of 1.720 (p-value = 0.038). In conclusion, serum sHLA-G levels in threatened abortion patients' sera are significantly lower than in normal pregnant women. Allele frequencies of HLA-G gene snps were non-significant changes between TA patients and controls, with the exception of rs2249863 T/C/G.

Given the trend of modernity, technological development and thinking in different areas, reductionist thought is one of the most factors that the designer must apply in the field of interior design, which depends on formal abstraction, simplicity and reduction in design. Through which the designers reach to achieve the functional and aesthetic goals of the interior spaces. The current research deals with the formal reduction of space supplements in the interior design through the following question: Does the reduction have formal connotations affecting the design of interior spaces supplements? Therefore, the aim of the research was [discovering the elements of shorthand and its formal implications in the complements of contemporary interior spaces], and the researcher defined the limits of her research represented by the following: Supplements of the interior space for 5-star hotel restaurants, and the research community was the Arab Gulf states
While the second chapter included the theoretical framework, which contained two sections: the first: the formal reduction and its significance in the interior design. The second: the complements of the interior design, followed by a discussion and deduction of indicators that can be useful in the procedures for analyzing the research sample. And then presented to the previous study. The third chapter included the research procedures that included [the research community, sample and research tool, and analysis of the research sample, following the descriptive approach in the analysis to reach the results that achieve the goal of the research. In the design of complementary interior spaces with the aesthetic implementation of furniture, the conclusions reached by the research included: The characteristic of the principle of abstraction and formal reduction emerged in the complementary spaces selected, which is a perceptual treatment and the product of its effect on furniture and taking out the details of the shape and resorting to shorthand expresses intellectual contents that help to feel comfortable in the recipient

The current research dealt with the transformations of display technology in contemporary ceramics, and the importance of display and display techniques used in constructing the contemporary ceramic figure, with an awareness of the aesthetic concept of the ceramic surface in order to identify the most important technical concepts of the expressive movement and how to benefit from them in the contemporary ceramic form, in addition to studying the expressive and technical dimensions To produce diverse and appropriate works in terms of the aesthetics of the ceramic form, as there are many contemporary artistic trends in their methods and concepts, which resulted in a diversity in dealing with materials, techniques and plastic trends; The research contained four sections. The first topic included the research problem, which lies in the following two questions: 1- Was the contemporary potter able to find contemporary techniques at the level of art, beauty and creativity with its manifestations in the art of ceramics, 2- How did the potter use techniques and treat them technically with new knowledge and technology to find art that differs from traditional ceramic art with a new vision and ideas, as well as the importance of research and the aim of research and identification of some The terms mentioned in the research, while the second topic contained the theoretical framework, which consisted of1- The concept of display techniques and their relationship to the art of ceramics. 2- The mechanisms of display and display techniques; The third chapter dealt with the research procedures that included the research community, the research sample, the research tool and then the applications (samples), which were divided into two groups that dealt with the group (display techniques) and the second group (display techniques and mechanisms); As for the fourth chapter, it dealt with the results that resulted from the research and conclusions, and the chapter ended with the recommendations and suggestions that the researcher assumed, and the researcher concludes with a list of the sources that were mentioned in the research.