Diyala Journal of Human Research

This research seeks to reveal the mechanisms of time and place of the two poets of the giants of Arab Poets, because of their creative ability and owing a huge capacity of horizon and imagination, and the poets are Lobaid bin Rabia Amiri, a veteran poet and Thee Al-Rumma, an Umayyad poet.
The two poets meet in more than one place for the inter relationships between time and place in their poetic texts. Time and place are integral elements in their texts, complementing each other. Each of them having an effective effect in the text. The inter relations between them are combined in an objective unity of the poetic text. The poet's sense of purpose and the intention of the destination.
In light of this, the readings in this research will explore of the hidden text to become apparent by mixing the time and place of emotional convergence of the poets with an emotional moment. The parts of the place and its elements interact with time to leave the impact of the effective effect.

The development of the industrial sector is regarded an integral process in world countries whether …. Ones which delineate the most modern technology or developing countries due to its contribution in increasing the industrial growth of these countries. Therefore, this paper aims at building efficient marketing industrial systems for the sake of marketing the products of the general corporations in Iraq which lead the problem of the possibility that these industrial information systems can be affective in marketing manufactured products so as to answer it via the hypothesis of the paper which states that information systems are affective tools in the marketing of electrical products.
Moreover, the first chapter of the paper included explaining the concept of information systems and their types generally and industrial information systems specifically. The second chapter tackled setting a design of industrial information systems via the use of one of Microsoft programs, namely (Microsoft Visual Studio) to design the system which is connected to the database of the general industrial corporations in Iraq by selecting the dept. of electrical industries like Al-Zawraa General Corporation to apply the system. the paper ended with many conclusions and recommendations. Most significant among the conclusions was (building modern technological systems and processes which adopt providing industrial information (human, material, technical) of the manufacturing corporations is necessary to achieve integration and harmony between public sector corporations and other sectors). Thus, the researchers recommended the (necessity to adopt industrial information systems which provide possible amount of information regarding local manufactured products).

The present study aims at identifying the effectiveness of an instructional program with realistic method in developing the academic passion among intermediate stage students through testing the following hypotheses:
1. There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the ranks of the control group’s scores in the pre and post tests on the measure of academic passion.
2. There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the ranks of the experimental group’s scores in the pre and post tests on the measure of academic passion.
3. There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the ranks of the experimental and control groups’ scores in the post-test on the measure of academic passion.
4. There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the ranks of the experimental group scores in the post-test and the postpone tests.
To achieve the aims and hypotheses of the study, the researcher used the experimental design (the design of experimental and control groups with pre, post and the postponed measure of the experimental group)
The study was limited to students of intermediate stage in morning schools and for males that belong to Al- Rusafa/1 Directorate of Education for the academic year (2018 - 2019) who were (6579) students. They were distributed to (10) schools. The sample of statistical analysis consisted of (400) students from (5) schools which were randomly chosen from the schools of sample of the study. As for the sample of the application of the instructional program, it was (20) students who were distributed onto two groups with (10) students at Qamar Bani Hashim Elementary School for Boys/ second intermediate to be the experimental group and (10) students from Al- Sikor intermediate school for boys/ second intermediate to be the control group. The students were deliberately chosen from those who had obtained a degree lower than the hypothesized mean in the measure of academic passion which was (76) and an equivalence was made on a number of variables.
The researcher built a measure of academic passion which consists of (50) items in its preliminary form, and it was presented to a group of arbitrators in measurement, evaluation and psychology to ascertain the apparent honesty and the honesty of the building. The measure became of (40) items in its final form. As for the stability, it was found in two ways: testing and retesting where it reached to (0.86) and by Alpha Cronbach where it reached to (0.81).
For the instructional program, the researcher used the realistic method. The validity of the guidance program was verified through the apparent honesty, and by presenting it to a group of arbitrators in psychological guidance and educational direction. The program consisted of (14) guidance sessions with three sessions per week and the period of each session was (45) minutes.
In order to process the data, the researcher used the following statistical methods Pearson correlation coefficient, Alpha Cronbach’s equation, T-test for two independent samples, Wilcoxon’s test, Mann Whitney’s test, Qui square test, weighted mean, percent weight.
The results showed the following:
1. There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0. 05) between the ranks of the control group members’ scores before and after the application of the program.
2. There were statistically significant differences at the level of (0. 05) between the ranks of the experimental group members’ scores in the pre and post tests and in favor of the post-test on the measure of academic passion.
3. There were statistically significant differences at the level of (0. 05) between the ranks of the experimental and control group members’ scores in the post-test and in favor of the experimental group on the measure of the academic passion.
4. There were statistically significant differences at the level of (0. 05) between the ranks of the experimental group’s scores in the post-test and postponed one.
In the light of the results, the researcher made a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Arab poetry is a party with poets, when their news and poetry appear only when the poetry emerged for that mass of investigating and evident scholars who witnessed the legacy of knowledge beforehand and scientific, and perhaps Dr. Yahya al-Jubouri, who achieved a large crowd of poets of the pre-Islamic and pre-Islamic poets, and perhaps Ibn Khashram the Virgin To know him had it not been for him to address the collection of his poetry, Dr. Jabouri, on the importance of his poetry, which represented an important historical document of a poetic phenomenon that spread after him, so he was the first poet to kill Sabra in prison, and the first poet imprisoned in the history of Islam. Precise in his poetry, and after his poetry appeared as a group, a group of studies revolted around him revolved around him from literary or linguistic aspects. Perhaps looking at it calls for a third investigation of the hair of Hadba, after it was collected twice.
I divided the research into two topics, and they were followed by a conclusion. As for the first topic, I called it (Hadba Bin Al-Khushram Al-Udhry the history of love and purity) and I talked about the lineage of the poet, his life, his poetry and his poetry. Investigative Criticism), in which the ratio of the diwan, the sources of graduation, the differing poetic narration, the explanation of strange terms, and the making of technical indexes for this work dealt with total poetry.
At the end of this quick tour in the poetry of Hadba bin Al-Khashram Al-Uthri, we praise God Almighty that He guided us to this and we would not be guided had it not been for God guiding us, praise be to God first and foremost.

The case of meaning has interested the grammarians among them is Abi Al-Fatih Othman Ibn Jinee (D. 392 A.H.). The research reveled the place of meaning by Ibn Jinee and his rank in pronouncing. Here, it must be mentioned that the search is about meaning in grammatical structure not in the meaning of the lexicon. The research mentioned the most important appearances that revels the interest of Ibn Jinee in meaning and its affect on his explaining some grammatical issues. It studies the place of meaning in the operation of grammatical direction for Ibn Jinee and which of the two parties has the priority of presenting when there is attraction between parsing and meaning.

Sahih al-Bukhari is the most correct book after Holy Quran. There were hundreds of annotations for the book of Sahih al-Bukhari. These annotations differed according to the reason for which they were recognized. Some of them are specialized in jurisprudential topics, some of which are specific to the study of source, some of which are interested in strange words, and some of them are scholarly explanations of all sciences and some of these annotations focused on clarifying grammatical ambiguities. This research is concerned with the linguistic aspect and the elucidation of linguistic criticism at the level of the lexical criticism, specifically the control of the names interface, and its effect in directing the meaning. The research has been based on several annotations, most important of which is Sharh al-Kirmani 'ala Sahih al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Kirmani (died 786) and Fatḥ al-Bārī fī Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī composed by al-Hafiz ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (died 852), and the third was Umdat al-Qari Sharah Sahih al-Bukhari By Imam Badr udin Ayni as well as other explanations and annotations.
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī is a multi-volume commentary on the Sunni hadith collection.

The main character in the short story is often a holistic character who is dominant in the capabilities of the narrator and contains the narrative elements in all their formations
It appears as the backbone of the narrative event when this character exerts its field pressure on the nature of the story, the time and place component and other components of the narrative and its parts and forms, and since the narrative space in the short story is relatively limited, the presence of a main character controls all the storytelling horizons, and this character will be The focus of the narration and narration in the focus of the story, its layers and its allusions, in an authentic way, as if the story is the character and the personality is the story.
The main character in its general perspective is the personality that constitutes the dynamism of the conflict in the narrative texts and the axis of polarization in the movement of events. In this way, a kind of continuous relationship is emerging between the main character and the rest of the narrative characters.
The story ((House of Music)) by storyteller Hazwan Elwaz is spatially formed at the threshold of the title through the spatial news of the overwhelming familiarity (House) of a deleted principle whose estimate (this), and when (House) is added to (Music), there is a rhythm that begins with hesitation in the space of the place

The Arabic language is one of the most important means of expression. So, the Arabic linguists studied it and collected its vocabulary in order to protect it from change. Therefore, this research was to analyze the strange words and their definition. The title of this analysis was (The Standard of Strange Pronounced Synonyms in the Book of Essa Al-Rabee (D. 480 A.H.) Nidham Al-Ghareeb Wa Alamale Alomaniya (Strange System and Omani Hope) “A Comparison Study”. The research was divided into four subjects: first: The semantic development of the synonyms, second: the metaphor, the third: the qualities, and the fourth: the difference of the dialects of tribes. The research was concluded with the most important results and sources of research and review, some of these results are: the researchers found that the strangeness of words because of their density and synonymy leads to the common and The use of some of them, and the disappearance and the strangeness of others and being far from use

This paper deals with the phenomenon of (grammatical notifications) as a method common to grammarians in their presentation of grammatical material in their books, especially in later times. The paper highlighted this phenomenon in two ways: The first: theorizing of this phenomenon, in its concept, the stages of its emergence, and its reasons, and the second: represented the practical side of this phenomenon. This is an application to the grammatical alerts received by Sherbini, and by revealing the manifestations of grammatical alerts in his book "ftah alkhaliq almalik fi hll 'alfaz kitab 'alfiat abn malk".

This aesthetic critical study deals with the textual thresholds and selects thresholds of initial lines in Fatih Abdul-Salaam's new collection of short stories Trains Ascending toward Heaven. The onsets of these stories were variable according to the experience in every short story though all the stories harp on the single string of alienation and take of the train as a central, essential theme. However, the textual variety in each story offers the chance to a variety of onsets that can be approached as: the symbolic onset, the conversational onset, the visual onset and monological onset.

This study tries to reveal the customs and traditions in Arabic-Islamic community in the book Social Life in the Book of (Muhatharat Al-Udabaa wa Muhawarat Al-Shuaraa wa Al-Bulagaa) Lectures of Writers and the Dialogue of Poets and Eloquence for Ragheb Asfahani (D. 502 A.H.), which he discussed in his book several social topics having a relationship to customs and traditions. This naturally form a basic and important axes in historical studies with a social aspect. These customs included: family life in the Arabic-Islamic community, marriage, children, and divorce, as well as festivals, Islamic occasions like Eid Al-Fiter, Eid al-Adha, and Nowruz, and others.

Human development aims at a process of gradual and planned change to improve the quality of people\'s lives in all its aspects, in which people participate fairly in order to bear their burdens and share their revenues. Therefore, they include two main axes: improving people\'s quality of life and people\'s partnership in this development. The essence of human development is the extent to which the society activates its own capacities and uses them to serve the developmental aspirations of the society. Hence, the human development scale is not only the possession of natural resources or the import of the latest technologies, but the real measure is the development of human capabilities through the care of development projects such as culture.
Human development has been defined as \"the process of expanding people\'s choices, the most important of which is to live a long life in good health, learning and enjoying an adequate standard of living\". The research followed descriptive analytical method to explain the spatial variation of the index of education in the Human Development Index in Diyala Governorate, as well as the scientific and spatial analysis of geographical and demographic information and data for the study area according to the demographic characteristics and geographical location. The study reached the measurement of the education index in Diyala Governorate as an indicator of human development, which amounted to (0,786) in 2017 according to the data contained in the research appendix.

Contemporary societies face many challenges posed by the successive changes that they go through in various areas of life. These contemporary challenges have placed many cultural, ethical, social and educational burdens, which in turn have reflected on the values and behaviors of individuals and consequently affected the formation of the identity of the societies to which they belong

The research includes assessing the degree of danger of the valleys of Abu Frash basin, which is one of the seasonal valleys whose flow begins with the beginning of the rainy season from October to May. The marsh is located in Al-Mansouriya District and administratively connected to Khalis District in Governorate of Diyala. As for the valleies that recharae the marsh are four valleys (Abu Frash, Al-Emelja, Sowayna, and Qarah to) they run from the south of the hills of Hamrin, stretching between the east of Al-Azem District and north of Al-Mansouriya and pour into the marsh which is (9800) Acres. Then the water runs in northern Khalis district at a distance of (18.300 km) pouring in Diyala river. The area of study was about (900 km) and with length (61 km). The research aims to know the role of hydrometric and morphometric properties in determining the degree of danger of the basin, by combining the morphometric and hydrological properties, and giving value to each variable within a certain degree of risk. The research found that the valleys of the marsh are classified within the level of the medium average of risk because most of them travel in a few flat areas; the most dangerous ones are Abu Frash and Sowayna.

This research seeks to study the relationship between poetry and love and exile and the extent of its influence on preliminary entrance to the study, then came the poetry of love and exile, which came to reveal the depths of the poets of the poets and their emotions and feelings towards their homeland, similarities and differences between them to give a clear picture of the most important topics addressed by poets, and this was associated with the term self- literary and critical studies used by critics and researchers to study modern Arabic literature.

Language was and remains the primary place of any literary or non-literary work. Because it is the mental cup that contains the drink of thought. The quality of the text is measured by the quality and creativity of the language. The language has moved away from its monotony and rigidity after which it is purely grammatical or morphological. It became an ideology. A language that people can understand and understand is a living language that inspires spirit in the text. As for the novelist's dealings with the traditional language, his embodiment comes through the selection of heritage forms that are close to his soul, such as the story, song, legend, epics, biography, poetry, or what is generally included under the banner of popular literature [...] The link between the past and the present should be aimed at reviving it on the basis that it is a static heritage. Rather, its purpose is the basis that it is a means to help us express the concerns of the present. Heritage is the designated one for the present in the face of its concerns and achieves its goal. They are those that tell and record people's events and normal lives at one time, a way of proving our identity.

The researchers examined the age and quality characteristics of delinquent juveniles in Diyala Governorate for the period from 2011 to 2017. The study aimed to investigate the importance of studying the age and quality characteristics and the detection of their qualitative and age structure and their social, economic and cultural characteristics. And the use of scientific methods to address juvenile crimes and reduce them for this age group and adopted the descriptive approach to describe the variables of the phenomenon and analytical approach to the analysis of tables and maps and formats that would draw many of the results. As the most important findings of the study occupy the district of Baquba first place among the administrative units in the preparation of delinquents at the level of males and females and the proportion of the contribution of male juvenile crime percentage (98%) of the total crimes, while the proportion of the contribution of female events in the crime amounted to ( 26%). The length of the study was a total of 1287 crimes. As for the gender variance according to the administrative units, the percentage of the sex in the district of Baquba (58.6%) of the total juvenile delinquents, (73.1%) of the total juvenile offenders, while the percentage of male contribution to the crime in In the district of Baladrouz, the percentage of male contribution (11.1%) and the contribution of female events (0%), while the district of Khalis reached (5, 11%), while female crimes in the administrative units (Khanaqin and Kafri) did not contribute to the crime, since the units of the units did not register Any ratio. As for the age structure of delinquent juveniles where the events were divided into three age groups (the first category is less than 12 years and the second category from 12 years to less than 15 years and the third category from 15 years to less than 18 years), the data showed that there (Age group 15 - less than 18 years). This category accounted for 41% of the total crimes of juveniles. Registered in the province of Diyala during the period from 2011 to 2017 due to the fact that this category is close to (12 years - less than 15 years). This category accounted for 34% of the total number of crimes recorded in Diyala Governorate, followed by the third and final age group (Less than 12 years). This category accounted for 25%. As for the questionnaire distributed to a sample in the reform prison for juveniles, the percentage of males was higher than that of females. It reached 89% (128), while the percentage of females (11%) of the total sample study. As for juvenile delinquents, 66% of juvenile delinquents were between 13 and 16 years of age, while the proportion of juveniles aged between 9 and 12 years was 34% of the sample. As for the academic achievement, it was found that the percentage of those holding a primary certificate or less (65%) of the total sample of the study, while the percentage of those with a secondary certificate (16%) of the total sample of the study either in terms of delinquency and prevention of juvenile delinquency in the province Diyala, where it was found that the presence of juvenile crimes in the province is offset by the need for a wide spread in the security services for all administrative and judicial aspects and this will be reflected negatively on the province for its impact on the rest of economic activities that need constant crises on their service.

It is clear from the study that there are several changes in the morphometric characteristics of the Diyala River between Bawanoor and Kallar for the period 1990-2018 due to natural and human factors. 17 sites were studied within river channel, which were different in river channel width, dissimilarity in meandering directions, symmetry ratio and variation in size and numbers of islands. The causes of the change are due to the geomorphic processes affecting the diyala river morphometry and led to geomorphic changes in the area of the study and the most important geomorphic processes that directly affected the river's channel, Endogenetic tectonic processes and exogeneticl processes such as weathering,erosion,sedimentation in Diyala river banks, As well as the factor of climate and river discharge represented by the stages of erosion and sedimentation in rivers banks of the in addition to the role of vegetationwhich work to stabilize the streams banks from one side and impediment the flow of water inside stream on the other hand. The human factor was represented by control and storage projects and the presence of quarries and gravel plants on stream banks that has an effect on the geomorphic and change the characteristics of the stream of Diyala River between the two periods in the study area.

The following study aims at identifying:
1- The adaptive competency among university students.
2- The significance of statistical differences in adaptive competency according to the variables : sex (males, females), and specialization (scientific, human)
3- The emotional sensitivity of university students.
4- The significance of statistical differences in emotional sensitivity according to the variables: sex (males, females), and specialization (scientific, human).
5- The relationship between adaptive efficiency and the emotional sensitivity among university students according to sex and specialization.
The sample of the study consisted of (400) male and female students from the scientific and human university specialization of the students in so much as 200 students for each group.
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the bar-on scale for adaptive efficiency. The measure of( 26) items was verified by the psychometric characteristics of the scale to finding both the apparent reliability and the construct validity.
Moreover, the researcher adopted the scale" Carino's emotional sensitivity" which consisted of (41)items. The psychometric characteristics have been verified through the use of the apparent reliability and the construct validity. Also, the study consistency could be examined through the re-testing and Cronbach's Alpha in which the coefficient stability gets (0.80) by using the re-test while the stability coefficient gains (0.86) by Cronbach's Alpha (0.86).
Using the statistical methods (TEST for two independent samples, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, T-test for one sample, Binary analysis, T-test for correlation coefficients),the following results were reached at:
1- Generally, there is adaptive efficiency among the university students .
2- There are statistically significant differences in adaptive competency according to the sex variable for the females, while there are no statistically significant differences in adaptive competency according to the specialization variable.
3- There is an emotional sensitivity among the university students in general
4- There are statistically significant differences in emotional sensitivity according to sex variable for the benefit of the males, while there are no significant differences in the emotional sensitivity according to specialization variable.
5- There is a strong positive correlation relationship between adaptive efficiency and emotional sensitivity
In the light of the research results, the researcher proposed a number of recommendations and suggestions.

One of the most important reasons for choosing the topic of this research, the most important of which is the scientific value of the document in particular, and that it is accepted by the pure path of Imam Zaid Bin Ali (Peace Be Upon Him) to the present day, and that Ahil Albait (Peace Be Upon Them) were rich in being present with others and return to them in the field of Beliefs, doctrine, ethics, behavior, and everything that has relation to Islamic law

This paper (Morphological Structures in Ibn Qutaiba's (b.278) Adeb El-Katib: A Semantic Study) sheds light on a significant category of language, that is, verb structures. The significance of this study lies in the correlation of this category to correcting the Arabic tongue and moving away from the solecism that was popular in the era lived by Ibn Qutaiba, the author of Adeb El-Katib which is one of the four books regarded as fundamentals of the art of literature and its pillars. In this book, he put in a repertoire of language, issues of grammar, and knowledge via which writers of the Divan correct their tongues. According to Ibn Qutaiba, verb structures comprise eight patterns which all are clarified in this paper along with their implications.

The Kingdom of Granada (635-897 AH) was marked by the emergence of a large number of scholars, writers and poets, and the country was pervaded by a broad scientific and literary character, despite its difficult political circumstances, due to the strife and internal turmoil between the Sultans of Bani Al Ahmar on the one hand, and external attacks by the Spanish Christians On the other hand, many of these scholars, including Muhammad ibn Jazi al-Kalbi (who arranged the journey of Ibn Battuta and its author), who belonged to a well-known and well-known family in the Kingdom of Granada, who entered Andalusia since the early conquest periods, especially in the era of the rulers, settled there, and which became famous there, which became famous there. With science and head.
Muhammad ibn Jazi al-Kalbi was enlightened in various sciences and had a great affair. He took up the royal writing despite his young age, but he was examined by Sultan Abi Al-Hajjaj without a sin he committed, which forced him to leave for the countries of Morocco and leave Andalusia, to live under the sultans of Bani Marin Especially Sultan Abi Faris, who honored him and bestowed upon him, and he had the royal writing, and then instructed him to write the famous Ibn Battuta trip, and he remained in the countries of Morocco until his death.

The study is an attempt to highlight one of the most important aspects of civilization in ancient Iraq, where the system of ownership was an important basis in the economic activity known to the people of Mesopotamia in different forms, whether collective, family or individual ownership . Since the nature of the land in old Iraq was suitable for agriculture in general, ownership was considered the most important thing to indicate the ownership of these lands . However , the ownership of the land was initially characterized by being religious . Land ownership had a good that protected it . Later , lands belonged to kings and their families . Despite the royal palace's control over the state and the economy of the temple , individual property emerged though in a limited degree as indicated by Iraqi legislation in its texts , where individual property was sacred and absolute . Later , the law of Hammurabi approved the individual's freedom to dispose of his movable and real estate and recognized the individual's right in the domain of property and commercial exchange. But there was a severe and cruel punishment to the degree of slaughtering anyone who stole money or raped or leased the money of other's without the consent of the owner . Thus, Iraqi legislation was characterized by strong intellectual and legal matur

The book (Majam Albuldan) translated as (The Dictionary of Countries) is considered to be the most reliable reference in studying the Islamic countries and their cities and regions. It is the reference resorted to especially when the subject is about descriptive geography. It is the desired, and indispensable in this regard, geographical history represents an important aspect of historical knowledge. After researching the researchers reached to several outcomes and conclusions, including that the cities of Diyala and its villages have come out of them many Narrators and Jurists, Some of them were Narrators, Jurists, and Judges, and most of them knew virtue and literature and good biography. Some of them were saying nice poetry and he has a book in poetry, and most of the intellectuals of Diyala and their readers were trustworthy. What is striking is that these scholars and intellectuals were doing work and doing tasks for themselves and their society, some of them established schools in which they study, and some of them were judges. They participated in events and they mix with people in their affairs. The many that Diyala has given birth to the thinkers is an evidence of the prevalence of science and knowledge in its various forms in this city with deep historical roots

The method of the Qur’an speech is the preoccupation of the studiers in ancient and in the modern history . And from the most important of its characteristics : Coherent composition , unique description , close together syntax , so become extrovert message , renewed , accessible for multiple of ways of reading and recitation … The matter that facilitated us acceptance of reading Qur’an text with an eye bases of linguistic analysis . It is being great foundation of knowledge principles . Where it is sober basis and substantial of grounds to analyze texts
This research aims to the following : Analysis of Qur’anic text as textual analysis over exploit composite of ( Parallelism ) in the light of textbooks of textual analysis that is represented by ( Grammar of text ) . And analysis of composite which is formed of parallelism , its modes , relations and its functions in Qur’anic structure
And the research is structured from : Preamble that is included preface introductions in definition with the generous chapter and concept of parallelism . Three researches : First one discusses structure of parallelism ( Components & functions ) . Second : It debates textual parallelism within external level and third : Parallelism within internal level . It is concluded with conclusion that implies uniqueness of research to determine positional of parallelism in the contemporary linguistic lecture , to specify its relation , its structure elements and its textual roles
Whereas the most important recommendations of the research : It is paid attention to study texture of parallelism in researches of linguistics and openness of Qur’an text before other linguistic books as deliberative analysis

It is not necessary to say that alienation is the isolation of the individual from the outside world and remains alone, but may be present with her/his peers but feels alienated in a particular area and this is what was investigated in the current study by conducting a qualitative study on a sample of Iraqi EFL students in the first grade at the Department of English – College of Education for Humanities - University of Diyala. The current study aims at investigating the effect of Alienation on students' classroom engagement. Two tools are carried out to achieve the aim of the current study as well to testify its hypothesis. An interview is designed to collect a richer source of information to support the data collection of designing questionnaire items. It includes four questions which describe the effect of classroom environment learning on students alienation as well to check students factual perceptions, opinions and feelings toward their competency in classroom engagement.

Learners of a foreign or second language are bound to make errors initially. A study, classification and analysis of the errors help to identify the types that are common. Therefore, teachers can focus on dealing with identified errors and ensure that learners avoid committing them. However, when such errors are committed by medical students when writing medical reports, the problem is more aggravated as it concerns the lives of patients. This study deals with the morphosyntactic errors committed by Iraqi students in writing medical reports. It focuses on 30 students pursuing their master degree on a biology course in Medical college of Diyala University, Iraq. The native language of the learners is Arabic. The students have a background of studying English at school and also at college. They are expected to have developed the skills of the English language to a considerable extent. In spite of the previous background, the researcher observed that they commit a number of morphosyntactic errors while writing. Hence, this study of error analysis is attempted to examine the possible cause of each type of error, and whether they are intralingual or interlingual. Further, the researcher has given some suggestions to ESP/EMP teachers who teach English as a foreign language at medical colleges, so that they can make sure that their students avoid committing the detected morphosyntactic errors.