Iraqi Journal for Administrative Sciences

Higher education institutions nowadays face several challenges, including the vast scientific and information developments that have occurred and are occurring in the world, which requires these institutions to adapt to modern trends by developing their various activities to keep pace with these rapid developments. This research aims to identify the reality of higher education institutions. Which has a clear role in the development of societies due to its association with thought, science, and civilization, and contributes to the preparation of competent leaders that lead to the accomplishment of their tasks in the best way. Therefore, higher education institutions cannot perform their functions successfully and effectively unless there is proper planning, clear organization, effective communication, and decision-making. Rationalize and evaluate objective performance, and finally achieve continuous oversight. On the contrary, any of these institutions (universities) that does not exercise these functions will certainly fail in achieving what it aims to achieve. Therefore, it must study from time to time the goals that have been set to evaluate the performance of its activities or develop its set goals to increase their effectiveness.

Study problem: The soft drinks industry is one of the vital industries operating in Iraq, as it contributes - in addition to strengthening and diversifying the national economy, and reducing to some extent difficult economic and social problems (such as unemployment and inflation) - it works to satisfy the Iraqi consumer’s need for it, which has increased His consumption of it, with the improvement of his living conditions, and this encouraged the presence of many competitors for this food industry from inside and outside the Iraqi market, and this makes the factory under study to think seriously about its market share, especially with the increasing challenges facing it, the most important of which is firstly the consumer, his desires and inclinations, the circumstances and the environment. surrounding it. Secondly, the marketing mix (product, price, promotion, and distribution). What can the researched factory do with these four components to maintain its market share, and then work to increase it?
Objectives of the study: The study seeks to achieve the following objectives: Determine the extent of the impact of internal and external factors related to consumer behavior on the market share in the soft drinks industry. Identify the level of the marketing mix adopted in the factory and its effectiveness in the marketing share.

The first proposals for growth and economic development indicated that their achievement was linked to quantitative increases in gross domestic product, without taking into account what affected the balance of environmental factors. After that, the concept of economic development with an environmental dimension was reached. The development of the new development thought received the name sustainable development, which appeared in development literature since the late eighties of the last century, and its dimensions were completed after the Earth Summit in 1992. It differs from the initial conception of sustainable development, which meant continued development without taking into account its relationship with the environment. Although classical economists realize the importance of environmental factors in determining economic activity, interest in the sustainable environment as a philosophy and an important principle that guides economic development and environmental management did not appear until a few decades ago. Interest in the environmental dimension in the economic development process came in light of global interest in the environment and the increasing number of non-governmental organizations and companies concerned with it. In 1990, the United Nations issued a forward-looking report in the economic, social and environmental fields for the year 2000, which focused on the importance of sustainable development in strengthening justice by providing the necessary resources for development at the international level and within different economies. At the Earth Summit in 1992, one of the most important fundamental issues raised was the development and implementation of strategies and procedures to achieve sustainable development, compared to the previous period in which environmental considerations were not taken seriously in development planning, especially in developing countries, not only as a result of ignorance to eliminate this behavior, but there were no expectations of the dangers. Therefore, the application of sustainable development in its broad sense, which combines economic development and environmental protection, is a superficial and limited application

The research aims to study the development of higher education patterns according to distance education, open education, e-learning, or virtual education in achieving human development. In order to achieve this goal, higher education patterns were expressed in its independent dimensions: students, faculty members, the educational process, the scientific curriculum, and university administration. Regarding the dependent variable of human development, a set of statistical methods were used (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, simple Pearson correlation coefficient) to reach the results of the research, and the research reached a number of conclusions, in light of which a set of recommendations showed the necessity of paying attention and emphasizing the development University performance and entry into modern fields of science are one of the fastest fields of education and training in achieving human development.

Modern development in Third World countries and most Islamic countries has failed to make people happy. The reason is originally due to the civilizational system behind it, which relies on purely material aspects without regard to the spiritual aspects that satisfy man’s instinctive needs. The needs of the Islamic nation for an economic approach are not merely a need for A framework of social organization that states adopt only so that development can be placed within this or that framework once the state adopts it and commits to it. Rather, economic development and the battle against backwardness cannot play its required role unless it acquires a framework that can integrate the nation within it and is established on a basis that interacts with it. The movement of the entire nation is a basic condition for the success of any development and any comprehensive battle against backwardness, because its movement is an expression of its growth, the growth of its will, and the release of its internal talents. If the nation does not grow, it cannot practice the development process. The development of external wealth and the internal growth of the nation must proceed in one line. It is also necessary to have the necessary theoretical foundations to absorb the data of their reality and influence their surroundings to the extent that serves their countries and achieves their human harmony. The comprehensive Islamic theory is the best one to express these treatments for Muslim and Arab countries in particular, because it represents their faith that they adopt and believe in, and the nation that adopts a theory that is compatible with its faith. It will make it an effective tool for growth and progress, and if Islamic economic philosophy is the destiny of nations in Muslim countries, then planned economic organization is the Islamic means of achieving it, on the condition that it adopt its specificity in application and in a way that is consistent with its customs and traditions, as well as its doctrine, which represents the central theoretical starting points in the process of construction, change, and development. .

There is no doubt that the theory of estimation has great importance in the applications of statistical theory from practical aspects, through calculating a numerical value related to a feature parameter (unknown to a specific statistical population, and the sampling method is optimal in calculating a numerical value for a parameter (or features) belonging to the study population. , that is, obtaining an estimate that is not equal to the true parameter value. The value may be greater than the information available from that community. The emergence of the Bayes method in estimation (Bayes mode in Estimation), in addition to the traditional OLS method, led to the emergence of two trends in estimating the parameters of the regression model, and each direction has special assumptions. The traditional trends assume that the parameters to be estimated are constants, while the Bayes method assumes that the parameters to be estimated Their estimation is made up of random variables. This difference called on the decision maker to make a decision in choosing the optimal method in the estimation process. In light of this, the researcher explains the superiority of the Bayes method over the OLS method in the estimation process. The Bayes estimator depends on two functions, the first of which is known as the probability density function (loss). function) and the second is the loss function (posterior pdf). The first can be defined as a combination between the initial information and the data of the current sample. The second is called the squared error loss function, meaning it is used to measure the amount of error in the estimate, meaning making it as small as possible.