Journal Of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies

The Umayyads adopted an unfair economic policy towards the Shiites in general. Obviously, the injustice of the Umayyad included Yemeni Shiites similar to their counterparts, whether the inhabitants of them in Yemen or in other Islamic States. The aim was to impose a certain will to achieve their own goals, as Umayyad governor believes that most of the Shiite political rivals opposed to his rule, particularly that they belong to Islam and spiritually to the Imam Ali (Peace upon him), where they glorify him and do not forget his memory.
There is no doubt that the political circumstances witnessed by the Islamic nation during the era of the Umayyad, as the Islamic political system of Shura in the choice of ruler to inheritance, and created a large area of tyranny and hegemony over the economic capabilities of state. This is reflected directly on the Shiites especially as they are accustomed to the government of Imam Ali ,who has taken his approach from the Sunnah of the Prophet in all aspects, especially with regard to the ownership of the money to the people of the nation and distributed equally among them, where justice and equality in the tender and the reduction of feudal land salient feature customizable. so it was no economic disparity between segments of society through that policy. thus, this policy received a great welcome by the Shiites , who most of them were poor class, but they were afraid of the demise of the justice in the case of the arrival of the Umayyad to power, especially since they witnessed the Umayyad behavior when Muawiya set up illegal government in Syria which goes on a different approach to the policy of Imam Ali . He buys accounts with money and the preference of a sect at the expense of another sect and the confiscation of property and property of dissidents. Moreover, he did not care to impose high taxes on farmers, traders and professionals in order to obtain more money that satisfied him with the wishes of a handful of tribal leaders loyal to him. Indeed, what they afraid of is achieved when Umayayads received the illiteracy of power, they have dominated the Muslims’money. As a result, the Yemeni Shiites entered the most difficult stage in their history, where they were subjected to unprecedented economic arbitrariness. The study is devided into three paragraphs, the first represented the imposition of taxes and the confiscation of property. the second related to wasteful and extravagant and purchase of receivables, and we have dedicated the third paragraph of the economic blockade and the destruction of livelihoods and the dissemination of hunger and poverty.

The search for the descendants of Imam Hassan al-Sabt bin Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him), in the city of Hilla, that city, which is in an important area between Baghdad and Kufa, as well as nearby a number of historic cities, which was able to accommodate a number of sons of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him), as a result of being subjected to imprisonment in the Hashemite region, near Hilla, as the political capital of the Abbasids after Kufa before their transfer to Anbar, and thus embraced Hilla these pure offspring, the research faced several difficulties, including the lack of information and scarce resources, Especially for some characters, and the overlap of information among others

The current research is to analyze the content of the reading book and text for the second intermediate grade in the light of multiple intelligences. To achieve this goal, a criterion for the types of intelligences was composed of (95) indicators for eight intelligences and presented to specialists in Arabic language curricula and teaching methods, And the researcher began to analyze the content of the book of reading and texts according to these indicators, and to ensure the stability of the analysis used the researcher two methods, and using the equation (Holsti) coefficient of stability analysis over time (0.91) and the researcher and the first analyst (0.84) and the researcher and the other analyst ( 0.86) and between The first analyst and the other (0.81, For the purpose of extracting the results, the researcher used repetitions and percentages of multiple intelligences and their indicators, and the results of the search for: The book did not neglect any of the intelligences but achieved different percentages. The highest type of intelligences was (linguistic intelligence) by (%41.95), by (%15.85) Social Intelligence (%11.31), Visual Intelligence (%8.54), and Self-Intelligence (%7.39). ), Followed by (natural intelligence) by (%5.58), and (motor intelligence) at the last rank by % (2.34)، In the light of the results of the research, the researcher recommended to take care of the indicators of neglected intelligence and to include in the content of the book with the need to take into account the multiple intelligences of students and diversification in the construction of Arabic language curricula in general and reading book and texts in particular, and complement the research suggested the researcher to conduct a similar study of the current study on the content of reading books and texts For the middle and middle stages

The aim of this research is to identify the low success rates of the sixth grade preparatory level in its branches (scientific and literary) in the Directorate General of Education Baghdad Rusafa third year 2015-2017 and 2016/2017, according to variables: Female males
Specialization
Course material
The school stage
Number of students in the class
Type of public and private education
The researcher chose the descriptive method (field) because it is the most common and widespread in research and scientific studies, as it describes what is and change.
The researcher chose a sample of 16 secondary and secondary schools with 58 teachers and 63 teachers. The researcher tried to control a number of extraneous variables that were mentioned in the literature and previous studies that affect the current study.
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher reviewed the previous studies and the literature and tools used. The researcher prepared an initial questionnaire that was presented to (50) teachers and schools as shown in the appendixes. The researcher then collected the paragraphs and arranged them. He also took all the paragraphs of the views of teachers and teachers In the open questionnaire presented to them, the questionnaire was formed in its initial form of (36) paragraphs for the social psychological field and (20) for the field of school. The alternatives were (very agree, ok, disagree), and then the researcher presented the questionnaire to Experts are teachers, teachers and students Supervisors and university professors and parents in order to ensure their validity. The experts recommended a set of amendments taken by the researcher as they pointed out the deletion of a paragraph in the first field, and thus became the questionnaire in the final form of (35) paragraph only (15) And (20) paragraphs in the field of school, and may prove the researcher of the validity and stability using statistical means (square Kay, difficulty coefficient, the coefficient of discrimination of the paragraph, the formula Alpha - Kronbach, the weighted mean to demonstrate the extent of each of the paragraphs of the questionnaire causes the low level of success, To explain the weighted mean of the paragraphs, The researcher used the weighted mean and the percentage weight in the data processing, and considered the paragraphs that obtain a weighted mean less than (1) and the percentage weight less than (0.50) paragraphs not achieved , As follows:
First: Regarding the first objective of identifying the weak scientific level of the sixth grade students in its scientific and literary branches. As regards the social and psychological field, the researcher reached the results of (9) paragraphs achieved
Second: Regarding the second objective of identifying the weak scientific level of the sixth grade students in its scientific and literary branches. Regarding the school field, the researcher reached the results of (18) paragraphs achieved
In order to achieve the best possible level for students, the researcher recommends:
Non-preoccupation with the means of entertainment, and reduce distractions attention, and attention to motivation.
The need to open courses for strengthening students and activating the enrichment courses in various subjects.
Pay attention to the development of the scientific side of teachers and teachers alike.
Provide modern educational means that are consistent with the continuous change in the curriculum.
Addressing the problem of lack of school buildings so that each school will have a private building
In order to complete multiple windows of this study, the researcher proposes the following:
Conduct a comparative study of the level of educational attainment among primary and junior high school students.
A study to identify the reasons for the low success rates from the perspective of other specialists, such as supervisors, teachers, principals and officials.
A study to identify the level of our educational outputs and compare them with the countries of the region and internationally.
To urge researchers to conduct comparative research between the low success rates among some variables, such as males and females, between different subjects or between governorates. Two or more variables such as gender, county, sex, different study subjects and governorates can be linked to each other.

The issue of women is one of the most important issues that have preoccupied thinkers for many years, because women have been and continue to play a large role in drawing up many issues of interest to society, in addition to being half the society is the mother and sister, wife and son.
Hence the subject of our study on the reality of Iranian women in a period of time witnessed radical Political changes the title of the study was " Iranian Policy Changes variables 1900-1941 (The role of women as model) ".
The research concluded that the policy adopted by any country casts a shadow over the reality of women Iranian Women suffered for from Political, social and religious constraints during the Qagar rule.
Openness and liberation as a result of the westernization Policy of the shah Reza Pahlavi has contribution to the creation of a generation of Iranian women after 1925 enjoyed more Political and social rights that women who lived under the kajar this was a beriod in the life of Iranian women.

The study explained that the revolution of July 1830 French The decisions of the Vienna Conference were seriously hit Which was a war over editorial ideas And the national aspirations of the European peoples
The Bourbon dynasty collapsed forever And has resonated significantly with most European countries Which fueled their national feelings For liberation And enjoy their political and cultural freedoms To get rid of the tyranny imposed by the kings of Europe on these peoples.
The study revealed the role of intellectuals, historians and poets In fueling the revolutionary spirit in European countries Through their valuable works and opinions In which they called for resistance to oppression and royal tyranny And to claim their political and cultural rights By encouraging the European people to wage a revolution against foreign occupation In order to realize their political ambitions Freedom and political unity among these peoples and freedom from foreign domination. European countries will continue to make every effort to remove the restrictions Imposed by authoritarian monarchies and the rejection of the occupation in all its forms and reaching its political goals.

This Study deals with Treating the Social Condition in Palestine during the Period (264 -492 Higri – 877-1099 Ad). Tt includes the introduction and the oetical background Which is talking about a Political review for goverments that ruled Palestine during the vesearch period. Also the geographical Position and boards of the city are Presented as well as the reason behind naming it. Furthrmore , the vesearch deals with the Population elements and their beliefs, habits traditions, Festirals, Clothing and Food of this city

In this article, we seek to provide a reading - study and analysis - of the mysteries of obsession and the problem of existence, from conceptual disorder to anarchist anarchism to the question of privacy in feminist literature and divergent views on many literary and feminist issues. On the most important strategies followed by feminist writing to regain its hidden status and lighting the dark image in the pockets of history and protrusions of memory, and the impact on the movement of patterns in history and letters
The writing of the feminist era of a new era in creativity, assumes the beginning of the coup in the horizons of heterogeneity and the penetration of systems of memory stability and the acquisition of virgin spaces at the moment of emancipation from the references, such behavior confirms the possession of the text surrounded by an exceptional taste and identity within the patterns, which imposes on the researcher the task of revealing the historical foundations And the social and psychological process of production, to get to the shape of the new object behind his composition, rhetoric until it became a literature competing with the literature of men in his visit to the various fields of writing and their different genres literature and criticism, and may be useful before reviewing the views I mean the definition of the term, addressing the problematic relationship between women and male consciousness. We do not hide here the difficulty of reading that we would like to do with another important and problematic issue in the Arab and Western cultural and literary circles in the light of the humility of the Arab monetary source in dealing with the modern term, especially if this source is translated. Feminist, feminism and femininity), which has not yet settled, as a pattern that forms within the creative movement as a whole

The most important feature of any language is that of mutual influence among them. Language may affect one another. Each language takes a second. With the help of time and space factors, the languages overlap. Thus, the cultures between the peoples converge. We see that the linguistic effect exists after a period of time. This is what happened in the subject of our research, which influenced the Aramaic language in the Arabic and Persian languages. This linguistic influence became the subject of research which is necessary to determine the factors of influence and its points, thus adding another addition to comparative linguistic research studies.

This research examines the importance and status of the Arabic language and its impact on the Hebrew language and the Israeli dialectic, clarifying the issues and methods in which the Arabic words are quoted, as well as the reasons that led the Israelis to quote the Arabic words and subject them to many linguistic changes, both in terms of the structural structure of the words and the semantic meaning in order to qualify them. Linguistics and employing it in common terms and terms. Hebrew has always attracted and reworded Arabic words to be purely Hebrew words used by Israelis in colloquial language.In addition to delving into the methods of lexicographic quotation from the Arabic language and how to integrate it into the Israeli dialect in order to enrich the Hebrew language, which is considered a poor language in terms of linguistic wealth

The Similarity of the vocal phenomena that help to harmonize the word, and facilitate pronunciation, and similar as a term did not appear in the books of the old, but under other names in the same context, but similar sound phenomenon addressed by the old and separated, and what is calculated for the modern is The regulation of the phenomenon and its classification research becomes easy to understand for learners

(Population increase and its impact on the area expansion in the city of Hilla)
The increase in population has a clear effect on the expansion of cities , The difference of each city with its natural and human geographical characteristics, which affects in proportion to that increase and its spatial area, which contributes to a clear change in human activities, which is reflected in the development of the city, and thus the availability of natural and human factors that encourage this increase, which is the result of natural increase after scientific and technological progress in the medical field. And the factor of migration from the provinces sometimes and the province of the city at other times, It is noted that the location of the city of Hilla direct impact in this continuous increase, as well as other natural factors, which were considered a magnet for the population and for various human activities, The population of the city in 2000 is (268,000), while in (2005), the number of residents of the city increased, The total population of the city reached (330,758) and in 2010 it reached (360450) people. According to the population estimates for 2013, they numbered (374640) people, and in 2016, the population reached 452875. This increase in population and according to its chronology reflected the expansion and size of the city and its urban expansion. As a result of this increase, an increase in the area is required, which is proportional to this increase. Therefore, the study shows the effect of population increase and expansion of the area to highlight the increase in population in residential neighborhoods and various activities

The industrial zones are one of the important industrial functions that contribute to the development of urban centers. These studies represented an important aspect of applied geographies both at the urban and regional levels. They contribute to the development and growth of the urban center, as they are close to high population concentrations, The level of development of the city economic and urban and the available technical progress and the focus of this region affects the efficiency and quality of services in the industrial zone. The industrial zone extends to the province of the city, with which it has close links. It provides industries (raw materials, labor, capital, market) whether these industries are large, medium or small, and the industrial zone affects economic, And environmental impact as well as the impact of these areas with many problems, including the electricity and water sector and the lack of support of the government sector for these industries and services to this research came to explain the impact of industrial environmental zone ranked first and its economic and social and urban impact II ' Light on the most important problems affecting the performance of the industrial zone in the city of Hilla

This study focused on the impact of linguistics on discourse analysis within the framework of literary criticism in order to anticipate what can be expected of the intellectual product under the framework of modern critical approaches, which in some of their directions study the artistic and qualitative features of literary discourse in order to reveal literature structures and their importance in establishing literary genres and the impact of these genres on the processes of cognitive or emotional communication. The research pointed to the need to pay attention to the intellectual depth in this cognitive endeavor in dealing with literary discourse, which can be traced in a panoramic and hierarchical way to explore the destiny of thought in the interactions of the self with its surroundings, within the dimension of the language. In order to achieve this cognitive objective, the research sought to uncover these hypotheses in the following issues: 1. Discourse Analysis of rhetoric and stylistics; 2. Critical Structuralism and discourse analysis; 3. Linguistic Structuralism and patterns; 4. Literary structuralism; 5. Pragmatic discourse analysis, and the spread of the concept of discourse in pragmatics; and 6. Insinuating the collective-being in the literary discourse.
It was found in this research that the issue of discourse analysis is as old as the inherited Rhetorical Approach, and it continued it the rhetoric of the present day. It was renewed by the stylistic ideas which coped with the development of poetic language. The structural linguistic impact had a very distinctive presence which resulted in the so-called structural literary criticism represented by the concept of text and its limitations in dealing with the discourse whose concept expanded and developed consistently across a variety of models, according to the orientations of critics and scholars. The research touched on the idea of communication and pragmatics in dealing with the discourse, and taking care of openness towards the third component of communication process (i.e., the receiver) within the model of creative discourse and the theoretical model, pointing to the importance of the structural perspective that remained governs the movement of dealing with the speech even after this openness. Finally, the research dealt with the experience of social criticism of texts, an approach that never rejects the structural thought as much as it benefits from it to achieve its own objectives in restoring life to the text in the social context

Political slogan is one of the most essential means that political parties and candidates adopt to communicate with electorate, especially when party identification is in decline. The practice of political advertising in Iraq started with the use of posters, handbills and printed materials. This study aims to shed some light on how candidates and political parties communicate with their audience in Iraq .
The first aim of the current study is to investigate slogans used in Iraqi parliament election ( 2014) from a sociolinguistic perspective. The sample collected to the study comprises ninety slogans from different places in Iraqi provinces, to accomplish this objective approach. The investigation of the language functions that the slogans conveys is another aim of the study. Moreover, it shows the linguistic (semantic, phonological, and syntactical) characteristics that identify slogans. It also highlights the sociopolitical features that slogans represent