Journal of Techniques

Recently, there has been a wide and continuous development in wireless sensor networks WSNs. These networks are directly employed in our daily lives, so it has become necessary to maintain the confidentiality of information in these networks. This paper provided a detailed explanation of the types of attackers according to their layer, in addition to the design of a wireless sensor network consisting of a temperature and humidity sensor called the DHT-11 and a Raspberry Pi to implement the Text-To-Image Encryption/Decryption algorithm based on CMYK mode (TTIED-CMYK) in these networks. An encrypted image with dimensions of 2×2 and a size not exceeding 70 bytes was obtained for a text consisting of eleven characters. In addition to that, the encryption time is very short, not exceeding 1 microsecond.

The liver is a vital metabolic organ that performs a variety of complex biochemical functions such as metabolism, detoxification, and excretion. Impairment of liver functions disrupts trace element metabolism, causing oxidative stress, which subsequently leads to liver inflammation and fibrosis. This study aims to evaluate zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) levels in chronic viral hepatitis (HBV or HCV) patients in Baghdad. One hundred fifty samples of blood were collected from fifty patients with hepatitis B, fifty patients with hepatitis C, and fifty individuals without viral hepatitis as controls at the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital in Baghdad during the period from November 2021 to March 2022. Patients with viral hepatitis had highly significant elevated levels of lead, cadmium, and copper compared with the controls (P-value = 0.000), whereas zinc and iron levels were highly significantly lower in the patient groups than in the control group (P-value = 0.000). In conclusion, viral hepatitis patients showed varying levels of zinc, copper, iron, cadmium, and lead compared to healthy controls.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, autoimmune neurological disease of the central nervous system (CNS). One of the most important factors that lead to increasing bacterial resistance to an antibacterial agent and also increase the severity of multiple sclerosis, is the capability of producing enterotoxins and biofilm.
Aim : To investigate the biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus and their correlation with multiple sclerosis severity.
Methods: one hundred nasal swab segment from “multiple” “sclerosis” patients and 100 from controls. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured on blood agar, nutrient agar, mannitol salt agar, biochemical tests, and biofilm assay tests were done.
Results: A case control study including (81%) of MS patients were colonized with Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal cavity while only (12%) were colonized in controls, By using the crystal violet microtiter plate method, all Staphylococcus aureus isolates in multiple sclerosis patients can produce biofilm depending on cutoff point (0.171) that measured by ELISA technique , out of 81% isolates from multiple sclerosis patients there were 97.5% strong biofilm producers, while only 2.5% of isolates were weak biofilm producers .
Conclusions: All isolates produce biofilm in high density correlated with increased antibiotic resistance of isolates and increase disease severity.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to assess how different bonding agents affected the shear bond strength of a feldspathic ceramic fused with a cobalt-chromium alloy that was manufactured using two different techniques: lost wax and a 3D printer. Approach: A total of 40 disks of cobalt –chromium alloy was made by using casting (Co–Cr) as the control group (n=20 specimens) and additive manufacture by selective laser melting. SLM from Co–Cr (n=20 specimens) the disks were airborne particle abraded with110 µm aluminum oxide particles, then two main groups separated into subgroups based on the type of bonding agent used (with and without addition). shear bond strength was used, before to the SBS test the metal and ceramic interfaces were examined using test scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elemental makeup of the bonding agents was determined using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) test. The results of the SBS tests as well as the failure modes were noted. Data were analyzed using Least Significant Difference (LSD) test (a = 0.05).
Result: Bond strength was much stronger in Co-Cr specimens with bonding agents than in Co-Cr specimens without bonding agents. The mass quantities of silicon (Si) and some titanium (Ti) on the surfaces of alloys varied depending on the production method and the presence of a bonding agent.

Insulin resistance is a condition that people with type 2 diabetes their body produces insulin, but they cannot use it properly to deliver glucose into the cells, which leads to high blood glucose, obesity, especially too much fat in the abdomen and around the organs, called visceral fat, is a main cause of insulin resistance. Homeostasis model assessment; is gold standard method for assessment insulin resistant. In this article trial to investigate the development of the values of some parameters levels among type 2- diabetic patients versus normal levels of healthy control groups these parameters included FBS, HbAIc (%), FIL, HOMAIR age BMI and lipid profile (dyslipidemia). In this study, 150 participants were registered; they attended Baqubah General Hospital Diyala Province- Iraq from the period from January- March 2022. Their ages range from (30-78) years. They divided into two groups: 100 patients with type 2 diabetes and 50 apparently healthy individuals represented as the control group involved. The results in this study found that the means values of FBS(mg/dl), HbAIc (%), FIL (miu /L), HOMAIR were (175.96± 39.68, 9.74±1.82 , 18.99±5.98 , 8.136±2.53) respectively versus normal levels of healthy control group (85.44±7.58, 4.92±.500 , 5.79 ± 0.5, 1.22±0.17) . While means of age and BMI (kg/m²) of cases were (54.27±13.35, 32.20±2.23) versus mean for control group (47.12±10.77, 26.04±1.65) respectively. Also the levels of total cholesterol (mg/dl), triglycerides (mg/dl), LDL (mg/dl) and VLDL (mg/dl) among type-2 diabetic patients were (238.19±8.27, 183.48±7.66, 117.20±8.59, 36.69±4.28) respectively versus normal concentrations among healthy control groups with mean values (146.03±7.48, 137.54±7.43, 87.55±6.92, 23.6±5.58) respectively, While the mean value of HDL-C was(40.34±9.82) in patients and (52.31± 4.94) in control. In all these parameters there were a highly significant differences between case and control (with (P-value<0.001) and the mean values of patients with type 2 diabetes were more than control except the mean value of HDL-C was in patients less than control. This study found that the results of the tests FBS, HbAIc (%), age BMI and lipid profile in patients with diabetes type 2 in comparison to control group have a significant correlation with FIL, HOMAIR.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by hyperglycemia that persists. Diabetes mellitus can cause damage to multiple body organs, leading to the development of severe and life-threatening health issues, due to decreased insulin secretion, resistance to peripheral insulin effects, or both.
Objective: the comparison and correlation of serum levels of insulin and Na+/ K+ ATPase in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Non-Diabetes Mellitus individuals.
Material and methods: A case-control study was carried out in the max cure diabetes center and Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital in the city of AL-Kut, Iraq. Including 114 patients divided into 54 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and 60 healthy individuals as control (male and female), ages ranging from (20-70 years) from November 2021 –to March 2022. It was the measurement of serum insulin and serum Na+/K+ ATPase level.
Results: In the comparison of insulin levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and healthy control group, serum insulin was found to be significantly decreased (p value<0.005) and Na+/K+ ATPase significantly decrease with a (p value<0.001) in diabetics as compared to control group. The correlation was positive significant between the serum insulin and Na+/K+ ATPase.
Conclusions: serum insulin and Na+/K+ ATPase showed a significant decrease in diabetics as compared to the control group. Whereas a significant positive correlation is obtained between the parameters

The school health is plays an important role in preventive and curative management that will reflect positively on young children, all workers in school and academic performance. the objective of this study was to assess the school health services practices in primary schools from Wassit and Thi-Qar governorates. A descriptive cross-sectional study design using a self- administered questionnaire to obtain information on practice of school health services as reported by the schoolteachers. This study was conducted between October 2018 and March 2019. Data was analyzed using the SPSS. The result of the study revealed that the statistical significance have been proved for two governorates related to practices therapeutic services (P <0.05) and the practice level was found poor among (71.62%) in Wassit governorate , while score was observed as good and acceptable (52.7%) in Thi-Qar governorate. Statistical significance have been proved for two governorates related to practices preventive services (p<0.05) and the practice level was found poor among (71.62%) in Wassit governorate and (59%) in Thi-Qar governorate. In addition, the result of this study showed that the level of overall practice of school health services in primary schools was poor (89.46%). The results of this study indicated that there is weakness in practice of preventive services in primary schools in two governorate . As observed from the study, the practice of therapeutic services in Thi-Qar governorate is quite satisfactory and higher than the Wassit governorate. Therefore, the study concludes that the overall practice of school health services is poor.

The goal of this study was to see how well Lactobacillus ruteri probiotic bacteria might infect Cryptosporidium parvum viability at various bacterial dilutions and statuses. Cryptosporidium was obtained from stool samples of diarrheal patients and diagnosed using parasitological methods, followed by molecular methods and cell line cultivation (Human adenocarcinoma cell).
The treatment of Cryptosporidium Parvum by adding Lactobacillus ruteri dilutions and status were then incubated at incubation periods (24 , 48 , and 72 hr), detection of Cryptosporidium count was carried out microscopically, and the parasite's viability was determined by 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2- Diphenyltetrazolium bromide(Mtt) technique. Lactobacillus ruteri has the ability to treat Cryptosporidium parvum by suppressing activity and lowering the count with extremely significant differences, according to the findings.

Irisin, a peptide hormone, may play a function in lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and obesity, according to evidence.Its role in type 2 diabetic mellitus [T2DM] in humans, on the other hand, is uncertain.As a result, we investigated if irisin levels in T2DM patients were dysregulated, and whether there was a link between serum irisin levels and anthropometric obesity indices and biochemical parameters. Case[T2DM patients] group [n = 90] and control groups [n = 90], males [n=81], females [n=99] were selected among 180 people. [43.17 ±11.13] years was the average age. ELISA was used to measure serum irisin levels.The mean serum Irisin level in the control group was considerably higher [P<0.01] than in the case group [6.9±1.3 vs. 5.8±1.2], respectively. The results showed that body mass index and irisin had a significant difference [P-value<0.001] . Irisin seems to have a very significant negative connection [P-value<0.001] with body mass index, fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, and the insulin resistance homeostatic model. There was also a substantial negative association between irisin and low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein, but none with cholesterol or high-density lipoprotein. In conclusion, irisin appears to be involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism.In this investigation, circulating irisin concentrations were shown to be considerably lower in T2DM patients.These findings imply that higher plasma irisin levels in T2DM are linked to adiposity indices.As a result, irisin has the potential to be a novel therapeutic option in the field of obesity

Coronavirus is a highly contagious disease, especially in diabetes mellitus type 2. It remains the main cause of death despite the availability of a vaccine. Coronavirus is transmitted via droplets from the nose, mouth, or throat. The study evaluates the biochemical parameters of liver function in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes and the correlation between D-dimer level and platelet count after a second dose of the Pfizer vaccine (14–21) days after vaccination. A study was carried out in al Suwayrah hospital, which included 300 patients aged 20 to 70 years old. one hundred were excluded from this study. A physician diagnosed with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (the ADA) (the American Diabetes Association, 2021) was involved in this study from December 2021 to March 2022. results showed that AST and ALT were normal, while ALP was higher in diabetics compared to controls (ALP was higher in both groups of diabetics vaccinated and non-vaccinated with Pfizer vaccine compared to controls). correlation with no significant effect on platelet count and D-dimer. The current research concludes that there is no effect of the Pfizer vaccine on a biochemical parameter of the liver.

Background: Materials are being developed to meet the needs of patients, such as flexible injectable thermoplastic resins that improve the esthetics of patients wearing removable partial dentures.
Aim: To compare the surfaces roughness of thermoplastic resin materials before and after polishing with different surface treatments.
Materials and methods: A total of 40 circle specimens of De-flex thermoplastic resin with dimensions (30 mm X 2 mm) were divided into four groups according to the surface’s polishing treatment. Each group of material have (10) specimens, the first group was polished with pumice, the second groups were polished with pumice and then glazed, the third group was polished with investment (Phosphate bonded investments) and then glaze, and the fourth group was glazed. A digital surface roughness tester meter (TR: 220) device was used to indicate the values of the roughness of specimens before and after surface polishing treatment.
Results: The result of surface roughness using t-test analysis revealed that a significance difference was reported among all the study groups (P < 0.05), the highest mean values were achieved in the group treated by Glaze only (2.6800± 0.8439 µm), while the lowest mean values were obtained in the group treated pumice control group (2.4266± 0.5532µm).
Conclusion: It was concluded the surfaces roughness was decreased in the control group of De-flex material when polished with pumice, while it was increased in the experimental groups after polished with Glaze material. The polishing material (Light Cure Glaze) is significantly rougher than pumice and burning investment materials.

Acute leukemia is the most cancer has frequency in children, Malnutrition is one of the common complications of children with cancer, and malnutrition has been identified as a significant factor in treatment tolerance, increased morbidity, poor prognosis, reduced quality of life, and higher healthcare expenses.
The study objective was to assessing the nutritional status of children with acute leukemia during chemotherapy, and find any association between malnutrition and the others factor.
The study Methods were a case-control study was conducted in Karbala city/Iraq, for 3 months, the study sample included 140 children (70 cases and 70 controls) aged (2 to 14) years, by used convenient sampling and use special questionnaire design and measuring anthropometric measures.
The results were revealed that the highest percentage of patients in the age group 5-10 years (47.1%), the boys was (55.7%), (52.9%) of patients live in urban, highly significant association (p.value < 0.001) of family history of cancer, has less physical activity and psychological effects on loss of appetite.
Nutritional assessment during chemotherapy were (48.6%) of case groups were normal weight, The results of this study indicate that the participants have who normal weight was a likely lower risk of complication acute leukemia than those with acute malnutrition (P. value=0.022; OR=0.297).
According to the mid-upper arm composition assessment, the results show the highest percentage (35.7%, 34.3%) of patients were wasted and below average muscle area, and the highest percentage (51.4%, and 88.6%) of case and control groups were normal fat respectively.
Effect of dietary habits can be summarized as the children treated with chemotherapy are consuming diets of medium quality, with little quantity
conclusion: the children with acute leukemia had a high association of a malnutrition with low socioeconomic status, poor dietary habits, low physical activity, psychological effects, and duration and type of cancer therapy.

One of the visual characteristics of autistic children’s vision is their discomfort with looking at bright light or moving from the sun to the shade, which is a real problem, and in our study, an appropriate solution was found for them without any surgical intervention. The aim is to find a solution for this group of society by fogging the lenses of the glasses and doing some physical exercises for them. Twenty patients were randomly selected from the auditors to the Teaching Clinic for Visual Technologies - College of Health and Medical Technologies - Baghdad ,who suffer from their discomfort from looking at bright white light for a period from 1-4 to 1-9-2021. The number of males was 14 patients, while the number of female patients was 6 at random

The research aims, to identify the level of application of the quality management system in projects in accordance with ISO10006:2017, and to determine the size of the gap, between the actual reality and project operations within the seventh requirement of the specification, to achieve sustainable development. The case study method was adopted, and the reality of the application of the quality management system in projects was diagnosed. In the residential complex of Sumo Oil. The sample of the research. The data and information collection was mainly based on the checklist. Which included seven axes to evaluate the application of the quality management system in projects. A set of statistical methods were adopted, including (weighted arithmetic mean, percentage measurement, and gap size measurement). The research reached a set of important results, about the reality of the application of the system Quality management in projects. The most important of which was that the level of actual application of the seventh requirement of the specification in the surveyed department, was 94%, and the size of a gap of 6% was distributed among the procurement processes and operations related to risks and time, The value added value is to link the achievement of the seventh item requirements of the standard to achieve the dimensions of sustainable development.

: The research aims to identify the extent of the commitment of the Department of Engineering Reconstruction to the application of ecological design according to the guiding specification ISO14006:2020 by measuring and diagnosing the gap between the actual reality in the Department of Engineering Reconstruction and the requirements of the specification, and in order to achieve this goal, the case study approach was adopted, and the checklist was adopted for the purpose of measuring the gap.
Methodology: The study starts from the problem represented by the gap between the actual reality of ecological design in the Department of Engineering Reconstruction and Ecodesign in accordance with the requirements of ISO 14006:2020. Prepared by the British Standards Organization (BSI).

Results: The results of the research show that the total rate achieved by measuring the availability of eco-design requirements in the Department of Engineering Reconstruction according to ISO14006:2020 obtained a percentage of (75%) and an implementation rate of (5), meaning that it is close to a fully documented application, which generated a gap of (24%).

The research came out with conclusions, the most prominent of which is that although the research organization understands design and development when integrating eco-design into design and development, it does not have documented information in this regard. Some internal problems in the documentation of some requirements of the standard.

On-time delivery is a key metric for evaluating the delivery performance of orders and the efficiency of an organization's supply chain. The main reasons behind the late delivery of orders is the lack of real-time data-driven insights, planning, monitoring and operational efficiency. Therefore, the study aims to apply the Earliest Due Date rule, which is one of the sequencing rules for the purpose of achieving the priority of delivery for requests at the study site, as well as evaluating the performance of delivery of requests on time according to the rule of the closest due date, and comparing it with the performance of the rule used in the study site, as The optimal sequence of a group of works leads to its delivery on time. The case study approach was adopted, as a number of completed works were selected as a sample to implement the study in the Directorate of Presses of the Iraqi Media Network. The study found that there is no prior planning for scheduling work in the publications production line, and delays in completing work lead to accumulation of work, delay in delivery and increase in costs. And the optimal sequence was found in the completion of the five work orders, through the sequence achieved in each of the rule of the nearest due date (EDD) and the rule of the critical ratio (CR)), in light of which the delay time was addressed, and all work (requests) were delivered according to their specified time. As soon as possible, and the lack of direct coordination between the production department and the printing and correction departments to prepare a detailed scheduling, it also contributes to the completion of work orders for many external parties, and the exposure of the materials used in printing the publication to damage, due to its accumulation and waiting for processing on the machines, which leads to an increase Costs, delay in completing work, and the closest accrual rule has priority in completing work and achieving on-time delivery. The results of the relationship and impact analysis showed a strong inverse relationship between the on-time delivery measure and both the total completion time measure, and the average early completion time, The on-time delivery scale is directly related to determining the priority of completing work for the purpose of achieving certain goals, such as achieving the priority of delivery. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which was the great superiority of the results achieved by the proposed succession rules in finding the optimal sequence, as the closest due date rule (EDD) and the critical ratio (CR) rule achieved preference in completing and delivering the works according to the specified time, and the speed in their delivery. , compared to the results achieved when completing work orders on the basis of first-come-first-served (FCFS) used in the production line, as it did not have an effective role in improving delivery performance according to the specified time and speed of delivery.

Value Stream Management is a flexible method that is widely used in a variety of systems (transition from manufacturing to service systems), which contributes to a better conceptual approach to both the manufacturing process and the service process. It is also considered an essential step for improving the production or service process and planning for simple innovations. This research aims to evaluate the extent to which the specification (ISO 22468: 2020) related to the management of value flows in the General Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries - Ministerial, which was chosen as a sample, has been implemented in order to achieve the objectives and hypothesis of this research. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in collecting data such as checklists, field visits, and personal interviews that contributed to diagnosing the research problem. The most important results of this study were that there is a high gap between the actual reality of the application of the standard (ISO 22468: 2020) in the General Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries and its basic requirements. This is a result of a lack of awareness and interest in the administration and workers in implementing the system. The most important

The research aims to identify the role of work teams in enhancing the performance of workers in the General Administration of Medicine City, the Iraqi Ministry of Health. Where the city of medicine was chosen as a sample because there is a real problem to verify the hypotheses and objectives of this research. The research problem includes the organizations not adopting the work teams style and its negative impact on the performance level of the employees. The questionnaire was adopted to collect the data, which consisted of two sides. The first side dealt with the personal data of the research sample employees, and the second side dealt with questions related to the two variables of the study (work teams and employee performance). Participated in the questionnaire survey (213) employees. The quantitative statistical method was used to analyze the data (such as Pearson correlation coefficient, simple linear regression method, arithmetic mean and standard deviation), depending on the (SPSS) program. The research reached a set of results, including the existence of a close relationship between the work teams and the performance of the employees, which reflects the clear role of the performance of the employees through influencing the determination of the level of performance ,Among the most prominent recommendations is the need for the organization’s management to adopt the research sample to develop human relations and teamwork spirit among employees.

Each interior design in its technical field, including the interior spaces, requires a technical selection and a special design for its formative elements, which are based on its interconnected design rules. The designer’s study of the technical intellectual selection through the study specified for specific time periods, so that he builds through which the study of technical selection, relying on technical and design schools, which constitutes an important aspect of attracting viewers when creating a state of integration and harmony with technical selection, including its clear role in perceiving the design environment and accordingly The problem of the research study was formulated by the following question: What are the rules of technical selection that are adopted in the contemporary interior design of the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum? While the importance of the research contributes to the study of the rules of technical selection that depend on contemporary interior design, in addition to studying the stages of interior design that take place in the mind of the interior designer, which must be built according to concepts and rules of thoughtful technical selection, while the current research aims to identify the rules of technical selection Which depends on the contemporary interior design (for the Shanghai Museum of Science and Technology), the research study also included the axes of the theoretical framework as well as the research procedures represented by the research methodology based on the descriptive analytical approach (case study).

The research dealt with the study of inspiration for meaning and expression as an important topic that works in the activities of advertising to achieve job performance in conveying the communicative message in an effective manner that achieves impact and response to the recipient, as one of the designer’s purposes is to use any means that achieve his communication goals, including inspiration , and it is one of the important tasks as it takes a large area From the mind of the recipient and his interaction with the advertisement; And then influence it after delivering the idea of the advertisement; Which was formulated with prior planning according to a strategy prepared for this purpose, as well as injecting it with ideas, meanings and interpretations; This is done by showing the elements represented by pictures, symbols, colors, written material and other typographical elements that were used according to certain contexts in order to enhance their communicative value; As the meaning and inspiration for expression is one of the effective influences in the mind of the recipient and enhances the process of attention and awareness and then awareness of the formal body, as well as it enhances
the character of attraction and suspense for advertising.