Journal of Techniques

In order to keep pace with the rapid environmental changes, organizations must rely on flexible strategies that enable them to survive under severe dynamic conditions. The problem of the study in the General Company for the Pharmaceutical Industry and Medical Appliances / Samarra was to answer a set of questions, perhaps the most prominent of which is the knowledge of the level of interest in strategic flexibility, the agility supply chain, the organization’s performance in the field of study, and the impact of strategic flexibility on the organization’s performance through the agility supply chain in the company’s field of study. As this research shows the importance of strategic flexibility as a key factor in achieving agility in the supply chain and their impact on the organization's performance, and enabling the company to adapt to the external environment and face competitive forces, as well as achieve high performance, and the study aims to determine the level of strategic flexibility and the agility supply chain and the performance of the organization And testing the impact of strategic flexibility on the organization's performance through the agility supply chain. The exploratory study method was adopted, as (105) individuals from factory managers and their assistants, heads of departments and people were selected according to a questionnaire form prepared for this purpose, and a number of hypotheses were tested using a number of descriptive and analytical statistical methods using the ready-made statistical program (SPSS.V.24). . The study reached program (SPSS.V.24). . The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which was the existence of a correlation between strategic flexibility and the agility supply chain, as the correlation coefficient reached (0.820).

This research aims to learn the range of impact of organizational dimension in behavioral innovation and strategy innovation. The targeted research sample is represented in the Directorate of the National Card .The discretional analytic method was used by using the questionnaire instrument to collect the data from the research population numbered (615) employees .A random sample numbered (220) employees was chosen. SPSSVer-24 program was used with statistical instruments and means such as ( ,Coefficient Analysis Arithmetic Mean ,Standard Deviation ,Difference Coefficient ,Kendall's Collaboration coefficient ,Simple Linear Regression ).The most important conclusions that are reached by this research is the existence of impact and collaboration relation between organizational dimension ,behavioral innovation and strategic innovation.

Tigris River has been affected by industrial wastewater pollution in Iraq. One water sampling point was taken for each of the five sites of industrial wastewater plants, which are located south of Baghdad along the length of the river about 9 Km within the study area from (33°15'52.63"N, 44°22'13.98"E) to (33°16'54.94"N, 44°27'15.86"E) navigated by GPS (GARMIN 72), coordinates system WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_38N. The Analysis of water quality Includes several parameters; WQI was used to assess the water quality of the river according to a mathematical equation. Five water quality parameters were considered, those are Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Sulfate (SO4), Phosphate (PO4) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) for the period (2020 to 2021). Water Quality Index (WQI) analysis technique according to arithmetic weighted formula and using geographic information system (GIS) technique - Symbology method was used to display the results and analyzes as accurate and up-to-date colourful maps to describe water quality. Indicate the water sampling results were classified from poor to very poor for the period 2020 to 2021. The research aims, using (GIS) to show that industrial wastewater runoff must be treated properly and completely before being discharged into the water stream.

In optical fiber communications, data travels from the transmitter to the receiver, where it is collected and converted from optical pulses into electrical signals. The need for bandwidth has grown significantly in recent years. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM), an advanced multiplexing technology that allows multiple signals to be delivered simultaneously at different wavelengths in the same channel, has been developed to meet the demand for higher capacity and faster data rates. There is a decrease in signal quality as a result of the pulse expansion caused by the scattering. During long-distance transportation, scattering should be minimized. In this research, The DWDM link model uses OptiSystem 18. The DWDM design uses 48 channels, 200 GHz channel spacing, and a bit rate of 40 Gbps for each channels The link length used is 240 and 300 km, using SMF (Single Fiber Mode) and DCF (Dispersion Compensation Amplifier). The research was per formed with differences in laser power of 0, 3, and 5 dBm. From the results of the analysis carried out, changes in power changes affect the performance of the system using the MRZ (Mach Zander rate) produced by a CW-10 dB laser. The laser power values correspond to the standard Q-factor and BER (Bit Error Rate) values. The highest Q-factor is 23.266 and BER is 4.66232e-0120, while the lowest Q-factor is 14.9477 and BER is 7.89923e-051. Research has shown The more laser power is used, the better the system's performance.

The Covid-19 epidemic appeared suddenly, with a rapid start and leaping steps, declaring a threat to global health where it was the beginnings of its upbringing in Wuhan, China. Where the World Health Organization announced after confirming the results of human infections in December 2019 that it hurts all aspects of life in general and human health in particular. Therefore, it requires addressing such an epidemic quickly and with tight steps to avoid aggravating the situation, especially the lack of appropriate treatment. The necessity necessitated the use of quarantine for the injured and social distancing, in addition to the use of preventive measures such as masks, hand sterilization, non-contact, and leaving a safe distance. This paper aims to use an ANN algorithm based on CT and some laboratory and clinical parameters to determine whether a person is infected with Covid-19 or not. The results showed that two hidden layers were chosen for the ANN algorithm, where the first hidden layer was installed with ten nodes, while the second hidden layer was selected with five nodes once, ten nodes again, fifteen nodes, and twenty nodes. The results showed the best two hidden layers 10-20 nodes, and the accuracy was 99.43%.

Cooling and hypothermia of the brain is an essential and effective way to save the lives of many patients suffering from diseases such as strokes, epilepsy, incurable diseases, and others due to general accidents. Brain cells are also weak and sensitive to changes and fluctuations in human temperature. In this work, a hypothermia device was designed and practically implemented to reduce the brain and body temperature. It mainly consists of temperature sensors for measuring water and patient temperature, a Helmet made of plastic tubes with a thermal coefficient suitable for absorbing heat, cold water is circulated inside the tubes to cool the head, and the cooling is done through Peltier elements in the device. The Arduino microcontroller controls the system. The experimental results showed a decreasing in brain temperature to 36.5 °C within a cooling time of 12 minutes. The effectiveness of the proposed system was also validated by comparing the findings with the previous system in terms of temperature and cooling time.

Over the past few years, Internet traffic has seen a significant expansion in terms of usage due to the massive growth of multimedia applications and services. All these developments need more bandwidth capacity to be implemented over the Internet. In this context, it is proposed to use Optical Burst Switching (OBS) along with Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology to achieve the vast bandwidth demands. However, OBS networks face the contention problems as a result of a one-way resource reservation mechanism without optical buffers in the core nodes. Consequently, OBS Network depends on contention resolution mechanisms to achieve an acceptable levels of performance. In this paper, we implement OBS network with proposed a new Deflection Routing (DR) mechanism with Just-In-Time (JIT) named (OBS-JIT-DR) algorithm. In addition, used DR with Just-Enough-Time (JET) named (OBS-JET-DR) algorithm for resolving the contention in the core OBS nodes. Consequently, these algorithms are compared to evaluate the performance of OBS network based on the number of packets dropped and throughput vs network load using NCTUns-6.0 simulation program. The results show that the OBS-JET-DR is utilized the bandwidth resources better than OBS-JIT-DR. In addition, the average number of packets dropped in OBS-JET-DR is 21% less than OBS-JIT-DR. Furthermore, the throughput of OBS-JET-DR has increased by 4% compared with OBS-JIT-DR. This research contributes to reducing the dropping number of packets dropped and enhancing the overall throughput of OBS network. In addition, it is help network engineers for choosing suitable contention resolution mechanism, and select the best protocol of resource reservations with necessary parameters for OBS networks.

Error correction codes, often known as ECC, play a significant part in the process of detecting and correcting data mistakes that occur through communication channels that are unreliable or noisy. The essential concept behind error correction through ECC is to supplement the message that is being sent by the transmitter with redundant bits, the values of which are determined by the parameters n and k. These bits can then be utilized by the receiver to identify and correct specific types of errors. ECC are utilized in a wide variety of applications, including but not limited to data storage, the Internet, and telecommunications. There are numerous variations of ECC, including linear block, convolutional, and turbo codes, among others. The results of a simulation of a linear block reed Solomon, for example, with offset pulse position modulation have been presented in this study. The simulation was carried out in very high-speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL), and a field-programmable gate array was used (FPGA) It made use of a Boolean function in order to function to program code for an algorithm that is working. Because of its performance, time to market, cost, reliability, and long-term maintenance benefits, FPGA is an appropriate platform for implementing error correction code (ECC). As a part of this project, the technique of offset Pulse Position Modulation (Offset PPM) was invented as an outstanding solution to code the fiber-optic applications and Reed Solomon (RS) codes apply to ModelSim SE-64 10.5 software. In addition, this coding scheme has been approved by the simulation and is matched with theory, and it is expected to be implemented in the near future. The study begins with a concise introduction to RS encode/decode with regard to design and performance and then moves on to discuss the development result of simulation and hardware implementation.

The most frequent movement disorder is Tremor, which has an increased incidence and prevalence in people over 65 who have Parkinson\'s disease or essential tremors. Although not life-threatening, it prevents patients from performing their daily activities. An overview of different types of tremors and their treatment in medical and surgical views are discussed in this paper with a review of the stimulation nerves and muscles technique. Then a look at tremor detection and measurement methods are considered with a review of the medical devices\' mechanism of action that is placed as a substitute treatment for patients that have a low response to medications and surgical treatment to provide effective and safe tremor suppression.

The fast development of translucent Optical Burst Switching (OBS) technology, which employs multiple wavelengths per fiber, increases the size (i.e., the number of ports) as well as the cost and power consumption of Optical Cross-Connects (OXCs). In This paper, studies the impact of OBS network parameter settings, where switching is performed at the Waveband Switching (WS) granularity using an end-to-end grouping strategy to reduce the number of lightpaths and switching ports. The simulation results illustrate that using OBS networks with WS by the suitable parameter settings, namely the Burstification Time (BT) and waveband granularity, offers considerable energy savings in the core network compared to using an OBS network without WS, where overall power consumption is decreased by maximizing BT values and waveband granularity.

Abstract: For humans to survive, scientific and technological advancements must be able to contribute to the solution of human medical issues. The design and implementation of a monitoring system for the measurement of blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, and body temperature have been combined into one tool in this study. The measurement results are shown both on the measuring instrument\'s OLED display and a remote monitoring system\'s LCD display. This instrument uses ESP32 as a Microcontroller and LoRa as a wireless communication technique. The MLX90614 sensor is used to detect body temperature, while the MAX30100 sensor is used to monitor blood oxygen saturation and heart rate. Testing Measurements are calibrated using instruments that meet industrial standards (Wincom infrared thermometer and GE patient monitor) used in the hospital. When compared to industry-standard instruments, the tool\'s accuracy is 98.18% for measures of blood oxygen saturation, 96.54 % for measurements of heart rate, and 98.78 % for measurements of body temperature. The instrument\'s total accuracy, calculated as the average of all three factors, was 97.63 %. If the abnormalities in the recorded parameters are detected, then an alert will be triggered (buzzer and blinking LED). this instrument can help the patients to check their health status and provide remote monitoring of health providers.

Many studies indicate that wearing a bicycle helmet significantly reduces the risk of accident-related head injury. Less is reported, however, about bicycle helmet use, with regard to preventing facial injury. Epidemiological studies typically report incidences of ‘head injury,’ though rarely categorize head, brain, and facial injuries separately. Studies that do focus on facial injury suggest that helmets do not provide adequate protection. A 3D biofidelic child headform and two conventional bicycle helmets (that is,” open face”) were created in MSC ADAMS™ computer modelling and simulation software. Peak force and linear accelerations were measured for a series of headform impact simulations corresponding to an established testing standard and a newly proposed series of tests derived from modified motorcycle standards, incorporating injury thresholds from the facial bone impact tolerance literature. Almost all impact simulations exceeded the threshold for fracture, soft tissue, and dental trauma. An observational study was conducted using MSC ADAMS™ to assess a helmeted headform’s face exposure during impact simulations. Helmets failed to reduce face impact exposure, during all simulations, except for perpendicular cheek impacts. International test standards, therefore, require urgent revision to ensure that face protection is included.

The rates of The morbidity and mortality for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been rising quickly in the last years. In the systemic circulatory loop, the heart normally pumps blood all the way to the body's extremities. Cardiovascular disease, however, results from any heart function problem. The most fatal diseases in the world are known to be those involving the cardiovascular system. Over the past decade, biochemical marker testing are an important step in diagnosis, management of heart failure and lowering one’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Early diagnosis is paramount to choosing a clear and effective treatment strategy. Cardiac biomarkers are another effective method for classifying myocardial injury. The myocardial enzymatic biomarkers, also known as myocardial necrosis biomarkers, were among the various biomarkers that were initially studied. The aims of this review to allowing for appropriate management steps to be initiated and more efficient and effective utilization of healthcare resources.

The purpose of this study was to identify risks to patients as a result of sudden device failure during the delivery of medical treatment services. Which, can affect the reputation of hospitals following the exposure of patients' lives to various risks like death, injury, and misdiagnosis. Furthermore, a sudden failure will lead to increased economic losses as a result of increased maintenance costs. Of (20) medical devices, (6) high-risk devices were selected, such as a ventilator, diathermy, anesthesia, BiPAP, oxygen concentrator, and electrosurgical devices. A quantitative statistical analysis based on risk-based maintenance is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the reliability of the medical device and its risks to patient lives. The results show that the reliability of the chosen medical device has declined, with higher maintenance costs due to excessive maintenance or the type of maintenance policy used. Therefore, this study provides evidence that hospitals must adopt a risk-based maintenance approach to prevent sudden failure while in service. In addition, these medical devices have various complex parts that must adopt a combination of maintenance schedules. Based on Risk-Based Maintenance's experience in improving patient safety in public hospitals in the 20 most successful OECD countries.

Image fusion is the process of merging two or more images in order to obtain complementary features from source images. Imaging techniques in the real-world applications provide images with a different texture than the other, where visible images provide spatial information while infrared images provide spectral information. Hence the importance of image fusion, which aims to combine spatial and spectral information in one image. Wavelet transform is a method used in the process of images fusion as feature extraction, and images are decomposed into a series of low and high frequency subbands. Wavelet transform provides images with good representation and is a multi-resolution analysis. However, the resulting image after the wavelet-based fusion process has low quality information which is blurry. In addition, infrared images by their nature suffer from blur. In this paper, a novel image fusion method has been proposed to enhance the visible-infrared image fusion using the integration of stationary wavelet transform and fuzzy histogram equalization. Firstly, input the images. Secondly, preprocessing the images. Thirdly, stationary wavelet transform has been used for decomposed the images in 2 level. Fourthly, Averaging fusion rule is used for fused the approximation coefficients. Finally, fuzzy histogram equalization is used in reconstructing level 2 process to obtain the final enhanced image. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by using seven metrics which proved the superiority of the proposed method compared to the standard methods

This research aimed to know the impact of smart marketing on achieving marketing Superiority for a sample of administrative leaders in Iraqi telecommunication companies, to achieve this objective, a hypothetical model has been formulated consisting of two main variables. The independent variable represented by smart marketing through three dimensions: (Digital Cooperative Marketing, Human Capital Empowerment and Social Capital Cooperation) whereas, the dependent variable is marketing superiority that it consists of three dimensions, namely (Customer Value, Satisfaction Customer and Loyalty Customer). This research adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and a questionnaire as a tool for collecting research data as (150) valid questionnaires, it is analyzed after has been distributed among the administrative leaders in the Iraqi telecommunication companies. In addition to conducting personal interviews to clarify the topic and the paragraphs of the questionnaire. The data were analyzed and the hypothesis tested by using appropriate statistical tools through the use of statistical analysis program (SPSS V. 26). The research reached a set of conclusions and the most importance one was that the employment of smart marketing in Iraqi telecommunication companies greatly contributed to the influence of marketing Superiority, which means that the dimensions of smart marketing have an impact on achieving marketing Superiority.

This research aims to identify the level of application of integrated project management practices in accordance with ISO21502: 2020 to determine the volume of the gap between actual reality and integrated project management practices within the sixth item. This study selected the project management system in the Engineering Construction Department of the Ministry of Reconstruction and Public Municipalities as the research sample. Quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted in collecting and analyzing data. Quantitative methods were used such as the weighted mathematical medium, measurement of the percentage, and measuring the size of the gap. While qualitative methods included visits, personal observation, access to documents, records, and interviews. Data collection by using an examination list, which included five sections: preparation, planning, implementation, follow-up, and finishing. Based on the project life cycle to evaluate the application of integrated project management practices, the extent of the application of the sections was diagnosed, and the most applied and less applied sections were determined. The significant result found there is a gap in the level of the actual application of the sixth item of the system of integrated project management practices in the selected sample. The level of this gap was determined in three stages during the implementation of the sixth item as follows: (10%) was in the implementation stage, (35%) was in the control stage, and (15%) was in the stage of completion all working process. The most important conclusion is that the selected company did not adopt quality control measures to improve performance. This reduced the chances of improving the quality of work in terms of completing the project within the appropriate time, cost, and quality.

This research aims to analyze the impact of the quality of the work environment in managing organizational conflict in Balad General Hospital. This includes studying the impact of the current working conditions on the functional work carried out by employees on the material and moral sides. The work environment quality was performed as an independent variable. While the management of organizational conflict was a dependent variable. This study was applied in Balad General Hospital. That achieves the objectives and hypotheses of this research. The research problem indicates there is a lack of a comfortable work environment that enables employees to perform their tasks with a high quality, which led to an increase in organizational conflict in the research sample. A random sample was selected (140) of the staff in the different level departments like heads of medical departments, doctors, nurses, administrators and supervisors of medical activities. Which represents part of the study population of (220). Data collected by using interview staff and survey questionnaire. A descriptive analytical method based on the statistical program (SPSS V. 24) was used to analyze this data. This methods like mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, spearman's correlation coefficient and simple linear regression. The results approved there is a significant correlation between the the quality of the work environment and the management of organizational conflict. Therefore, the hospital management needs to improve the quality of the work environment so that it is compatible with the medical working conditions. Which contribute to avoiding and reducing the proportion of organizational conflicts between employees. Accordingly, this study proposes to enhance the dimensions of the low level of quality specifications required in the work environment from the design of offices, buildings, and staff comfort requirements.

: The research aims to identify the extent of the influence of reliability in the Iraqi Ministry of Planning and to determine the degree of relationship in proactive work behaviors by knowing the dimensions of reliable leadership available in the ministry as an independent variable with its dimensions (self-awareness, Internalized moral perspective, Balanced Processing, Relational transparency ) in the proactive behavior of employees as a dependent variable with its dimensions (vocal behavior, Individual Innovation, problem solving, and Taking charge). and problem of the study lies in the need to determine the role of trusted leaders in the proactive behavior of employees in the Iraqi Ministry of Planning. as, (5) departments were selected as a site for the study. Sample approved (intentionally) was taken consisting of (103) managers in the upper, middle and lower departments, that is, general managers and their assistants. And directors of departments and directors of divisions who are part of the study community of (140) individuals in the departments of the ministry inside the headquarters, by (70%). The results were analyzed by adopting the statistical program (SPSS V.24). With proactive behavior and its dimensions.

The study aims to highlight the impact of human resource management in achieving institutional excellence as one of its success factors. And the interpretation and diagnosis of the relationship between the research variables and their dimensions, and the research problem lies (The lack of requirements and capabilities to manage human resources that help them achieve institutional excellence in the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs) As well as the extent to which these practices (electronic recruitment, electronic polarization, electronic training and development, electronic performance evaluation, electronic compensation) are reflected in achieving institutional excellence, The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach and used the questionnaire as the main tool of the study distributed to a random sample of employees in the department human resources and from the disciplines (technical, engineering and administrative). Recovery (89%) and the statistical program (SPSS V.24) was applied to analyze data and use statistical methods (mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Spearman correlation coefficient and simple linear regression analysis), and The research reached a number of results, the most important of which is the ministry's keenness to provide an appropriate work environment that Helps employees to accomplish their work in an outstanding manner, in addition to continuous monitoring of their level of performance to provide better services to achieve institutional excellence.

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the extent to which the requirements of knowledge management systems according to the specification ISO 30401:2018 in the Oil Projects Company. It includes measuring each of the following dimensions: organization context, leadership, planning, support, process, continuous improvement of the specification items. Where the research problem was diagnosed with a weakness in the knowledge of the researched company and its failure to manage it according to approved standards and systems, which negatively affects the employment of its knowledge stock in improving its products and services. A random sample of (170) employees from various administrative levels in the company was chosen. The checklist was used to collect information and adopt the Likert scale to measure the extent of the application of the dimensions of the specification and to diagnose the gap between the actual reality of the application with the requirements of ISO 30401:2018. The results of this research showed that the overall rate achieved by analyzing and measuring the availability of knowledge management systems requirements in accordance with ISO30401: 2018 in the company has obtained a percentage (53%) and an implementation rate (3), meaning that it is partially applied and fully documented, which led to a gap of (47%).

Considered Research& development capabilities and innovation capabilities are key factors that help organizations sustain their business by offering products that comply with environmental requirements. Business models have become multidimensional, and take into account long-term environmental impacts rather than just short-term financial returns and issues. So this research aims to learn the range of impact of research & development capabilities and innovation capabilities in the environmental dimension of sustainable marketing. The targeted research sample is represented in the Energy-Saving Lighting Plant (LED) in Al – Taji area. The descriptive analytic method was used by using the questionnaire instrument to collect the data from the research population numbered (173) employees .A random sample numbered (138) employees was chosen. SPSSVer-24 program was used with statistical instruments and means such as (Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient, Arithmetic Mean ,Standard Deviation , Variation Coefficient , Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient ,Simple Linear Regression ).The most important conclusions that are reached by this research is the existence of impact and Correlation relation between research & development capabilities and innovation capabilities and between the environmental dimension of sustainable marketing, that is, the greater the interest in research and development capabilities and innovation capabilities, this will lead to the achievement of the environmental dimension of sustainable marketing. One of the most important recommendations reached by the research to achieve the environmental dimension of sustainable marketing is that the factory pays more attention to modernizing production lines, and providing products that keep pace with technological development

: The research aims to identify the level of application of administrative requirements in accordance with ISO15189:2012 and to determine the size of the gap between the actual reality of the application of the fourth item on administrative requirements, the quality and efficiency management system of medical laboratories was chosen in the educational laboratories in the Medical City Hospital of the Ministry of Health / Environment as a research sample. Quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted in data collection and analysis. Where quantitative methods were used, such as the weighted arithmetic mean, percentage measurement, and measuring the size of the gap, while the qualitative methods included visits, personal observation, access to documents, records, and interviews. Quality management system, document control axis, service agreements, referral laboratories, external services and supplies, advisory services, complaints, control of non-conformity checks, preventive measures, corrective actions, continuous improvement, record monitoring, evaluation and control, administrative review), which fall under The fourth item to assess the application of administrative requirements in order to diagnose the extent of the implementation of the fourth item of the standard., in addition to identifying the departments that succeeded in implementing those items. The extent of application of the axes was diagnosed, and which axes were most and least applied. The research reached a set of important results about the reality of the application of administrative requirements, which was that there was a gap in the level of the actual application of the fourth item of the specification in the researched laboratory, where it was found that there was a gap and it was distributed on the stage of responsibility of management and organization by (5%), the quality management system by (5%). 25%) Referral laboratories by (90%), consulting services by (25%), control and control examinations by (25%), corrective measures by (33.3%), preventive measures by (25%), continuous improvement by 25%, Records control 25%, evaluation and review 75%, management review 50%. In addition, ISO 15189: 2012 Quality and Efficiency Requirements - Medical laboratories is an internationally recognized specification that contains the requirements for testing and diagnostic laboratories to prove their efficiency in providing reliable laboratory services. When applied, it builds an administrative system for medical laboratories and allows laboratories to organize their practical procedures

The continuous increase in new cases of COVID-19 worldwide and the potential for disease outbreaks require new tools to assist health professionals in early diagnosis and monitoring of patients. Suffer from sources of noise that you were exposed to during filming or treatment. This paper presents a technique for diagnosing the (Covid-19) virus through deep learning and the use of classification techniques and its use to treat and try to identify the infection or not. Where 2000 photos of infected and non-infected COVID-19 were taken and the (BRISK, HARRIS) Probability density function (PDF) method was applied for the purpose of extracting image features, finding and preserving image qualities pure to extract image features, find and preservextract the affected from the unaffected, as well as exclude other relevant influences, and the results can be compared using other methods such as large binary models and hybrid models.

The study aims to achieve social sustainability at the study site by applying the safety pillar of the World Class Manufacturing methodology . The safety pillar includes seven steps it is possible to achieve improvements in occupational health and safety aspects . Study problem indicates to the lack of a study site for special knowledge bases In the importance of applying the pillars of World Class Manufacturing generally . As well as the inefficient performance of social sustainability indicators resulting from the failure to activate the necessary preventive measures to reduce the number of injuries and accidents at work, and to search for the causes of their occurrence. The researcher used the case study method for the purpose of applying the study in the hydraulic cylinders manufacturing plant of the General Company for Hydraulic Industries. The results of the study achieved positive results represented in improving safety procedures at the study site . The three steps of the safety pillar contributed to preparing a defensive plan represented by analyzing injuries and the causes of their occurrence and taking corrective measures for them. While the fourth and fifth steps of the safety pillar work focused on preparing a preventive plan through which to improve the procedures for training workers and their participation in safety procedures, and to improve the general preventive supplies in the laboratory. Finally, the sixth and seventh steps of the safety pillar focused on preparing a proactive plan that included analyzing the reality of the occupational safety and health management system in the laboratory, and working to improve it by achieving the requirements of the international standard (ISO 45001 2018) .

The research paper aims at knowing the link between the policies and procedures of the International Auditing Standard (220) quality control and enhancing the audit process, increasing the reliability of its output, developing its capabilities and capabilities, diversifying its activities and services provided, access to quality and reducing the expectations gap, so the policies and procedures of the International Auditing Standard (220) control were Quality, the guarantee to reach this and consequently the customer’s satisfaction, which helps in providing a neutral technical opinion that expresses the economic and financial position of the unit and its business activity honestly and fairly. Quality and enhancing audits, the research was based on the hypothesis (there is no significant correlation between the policies and procedures of the International Auditing Standard (220) Quality Control and Enhancement of Audits), the practical aspect of the research was completed by designing a questionnaire number (115) distributed On a number of auditors working in the Federal Financial Supervision Bureau, private auditing offices and companies, in order to know the extent of the linkage and impact achieved by the policies and procedures of the auditing standard. Quality in enhancing audits.
The results reached through this paper are as follows:) 1) The results of the statistical tests showed general agreement about the relationship between the policies and procedures of the International Auditing Standard (220) and the strengthening of audits by audit firms and offices. As for the recommendations, they are as follows: (1) Obligating auditing companies and offices to implement the policies and procedures of International Auditing Standard (220) Quality Control, and emphasizing their application amid strict control procedures

The study aimed to define the nature of profit management and its methods, and the most prominent factors in a way that helps in enhancing information for decision-makers, and to determine whether the practice of the profit management phenomenon affects the capital structure of the research sample companies. The modified Jones model (1995) was relied on in order to measure earnings management. The research community consisted of all companies listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange for the period (2010-2019), and the research sample included (26) companies that met the conditions of companies, and the study found That (57%) of the research sample companies have practiced profit management throughout the research period (2010-2019), while the remaining companies have practiced it for varying periods.

The current research aims to determine the differences between the actual reality of occupational health and safety management in the formations of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and public municipalities and the requirements of the occupational health and safety management system in accordance with the international standard (ISO 45001: 2018), and this is done by identifying strengths to strengthen them and indicating areas for improvement to be exploited in system improvement processes Occupational Health and Safety Department, in addition to identifying the difference in the level of application of the requirements of the specification (ISO 45001: 2018) in the investigated formations, the researcher worked on preparing a checklist as the main tool for this study, and after presenting it to a group of arbitrators specialized in this field, it was conducted Measuring the gap by conducting field inspection, direct observation and personal interviews with a number of administrative leaders responsible for implementing the provisions of this specification in the formations affiliated with the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Public Municipalities, which are represented by (3) formations representing (Roads and Bridges Department, Works and General Maintenance Department and Al-Mansour Contracting Company Ltd.).
Therefore, the study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which was that Al-Mansour Contracting Co. Ltd. obtained the highest degree in applying the provisions of the international standard (ISO 45001: 2018) amounting to (78.3) and the size of the gap amounted to (21.7%), followed in order by (Department of Roads and bridges, where it was obtained at the level of application (48.3%) and the percentage of the size of the gap reached (51.7%). As for the Department of Public Works and Maintenance, the percentage of application reached (43.3%) and the percentage of the size of the gap reached (56.7%).

Technical upgrading is a transitional stage in the development of interior spaces whose importance has emerged in the current era, and technical development is one of the important matters whose features have become clear in many interior spaces, and it is necessary to take advantage of these developments within the needs of society and upgrade what is appropriate for them, as some need The interior spaces are upgrading and developing in their designs within the needs of society and attention in some groups, especially people with disabilities, because many people with mobility disabilities need the help of others within the limits of their living and university environment, especially in the process of walking, climbing stairs, movement activities inside the classrooms and when going out and other necessary needs. Therefore, the research problem came in the following question: How do we achieve technical upgrading in the design of disabled movement paths within university educational spaces? The research aims to reveal the mechanisms and requirements of technical upgrading in the design of interior spaces for the disabled. For the disabled, as for the spatial limit of the interior spaces of educational buildings (universities) in Turkey_Istanbul with the temporal limit for the year 2010_2013. While the theoretical framework included (technical advancement in the design of interior spaces) and (designs of interior spaces for the disabled), the research procedures represented in the research methodology based on the descriptive approach in analyzing the sample models. The research community relied on the intentional selective method, and the sample was 20% of the population. The research and the research tool used was the analysis form, and the validity of the used tool was verified, as the analysis axes form was presented to a group of experts with specialization, as the ratio of the reliability coefficient reached 91%. The interior space depends on the design of ramps inside the spaces, which is one of the alternative means of transporting wheelchair users to move from one level to another, relying on fixing (the armrest) to protect and reduce risks. The chapter also presented recommendations and suggestions.

: The studied interior spaces of the museum contribute to the formation of an existing environment that includes all the characteristics of the historical act with all its activities and events. It also represents the visual field of the expressive state and function, and this is based on the study of the interior designer to the design dominance according to its structural composition. On this basis, the study of the interior design of the museum is an important and essential thing in human culture within that country, as well as a means of delivering the correct information to its visitors. . The importance of the research lies in studying the concept of design dominance and its structural composition in the interior spaces of international museums. The research study also enhances the vision of interested interior designers by studying the elements of structural composition, which in turn leads to showing the design idea as well as contributing to awareness of the practical side of workers in the field of interior design. The aim of the research is to prepare a proposed design that demonstrates the design dominance and its structural composition in the internal spaces of international museums. As for the limits of the research, it was objectively determined by studying the interior spaces of international museums, while it included its spatial and temporal limits for the interior spaces represented (exhibition halls of international museums in Europe) For the period (1989 - 2001).