Journal Of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies

There is no specific definition to Small Industries term , because of the countries systems variance , and the economic development levels. Nevertheless, there is semi-agreement concerning its main characteristics: individual management ,mini-size firms , exiguity of workers numbers , its dependence , mostly, on local inputs , oriented to serve small local markets , moreover , the simple technology of its industrial processes . Small industries had been illustrated as about 95% from total number of manufacturing industries establishments in Iraq and in case study spot Babylon Governorate , and worked in about 25% from the industrial labour force . Industrial sector has faced , generally, many challenges before and after 2003, thus its contribution of total Domestic Gross Production has been declined into lower than 2% , nevertheless, in Babylon have exceeded many of them. The governorate ,now, including 9.6%of its total establishments in country compared with 5.5% from population of country, 7.5% of workers worked in , but it shared of only 4% from added value. From the applied study , it seems that its main branches are :fooding, textile , wood furniture's, construction, and simple geometric equipments. Its establishments expanded into wide areas in the governorate specially rural , and provides an important labour inning for females, and the hardly educated inhabitants, depends in high percentage on local agricultural inputs, consequently, most of them oriented to serve local markets, and some of them may gain foreign markets. That allowed as to talk about its importance to achieve many sides from sustainable development in its dimensions: economic , social , and environmental, however , those need an assistant : providing protection from unfair competition of imported goods, offers its needed of energy , financial facilities, infrastructure services

The methodology theme and resources when Orientalists of the subjects are extremely important, especially since the study was related to the social life of dhimmis in the Arab Islamic state, said the book: (a renaissance of Islam) is the most important works of the German Orientalist Adam Metz, it has been printed in several editions, and was translated into several languages including Arabic, different and colorful orientalist approaches in their studies, each according to the school to which he belongs, has been counting Metz as the flag of the German Orientalist school, gave the study methodology in this book is a picture of features and advantages, as it defeated and there was moderation and fairness on the methodology, it was not the Orientalists who they carried the hatred of Islam, and this is clearly evident by giving verdicts unfair to Islam organized social diets with dhimmis, and the multiplicity of its resources, which drew them his information and diversity are the other writers have given serious feature to track the information and take it from its source original specialist, research department to the first two sections : methodology, and the second of its resources.

Sighting and the reader of the Koran finds himself in front of the miracles and the miracle Mtota of the nature of the content contained on the Quranic text and undoubtedly the Koran and across these long centuries represents a reality for the eyes but also for ideas about its content from mental science and at the same time it opens up prospects for science, inter alia, the language in various different forms and squares and jurisprudence and doctrines . . . Finally, what concerns us, namely history. And therefore it was necessary to go into the midst of this issue because of its impact on the historical aspects hence the importance of the subject arose. It divides the search to a range of topics in which a close relationship between the Quranic text and history and these topics, the relationship between the Koran and the history, interpreting history movement in the Koran, the historic changes in the Koran, the gradual revelation of the Quran and its impact on history, and then the conclusion.

Praise be to Allah, lord of the world. Prayer and peace be upon the master of the world and the latest Prophet Muhammad and his progeny whom Allah ordered us to love and appreciate in the holly Qur'an and upon the immigrants and supporters who followed the instructions of the Prophet Muhammad by appreciating his progeny and upon all those who loved and praised them to the day of Judgment.All Muslims have no doubt about the virtues and importance of the progeny of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon them) and this is simply because they are heirs of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and they are perfect people who possess all perfect qualities which Allah wanted humanity to have, so they became shiny guidance to the hearts of faithful people to the last day.No doubt that the two imams Hassan and Hussein (peace be upon them) are purified from filth not only that they are also form Ahl Al-kisaa and The heirs of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). We preferred to deal with a description of many descriptions of the two purified Imams as a subject for our research. So we devote the famous prophetic hadeeth in analysis and explanation hoping to be blessed by the two purified Imams (peace be upon them) in life and to get their intercession after life as they are known as generous . Our research is divided into three main parts: the first part deals with the virtues of the progeny of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) mainly the two imams Hassan and Hussein (peace be upon them). The second part is specialized for a modernized study to hadeeth which is the subject of the research. So we studied the support of hadeeth in all the sources of hadeeth and its various ways and showing the true one of them. After that we studied the text of hadeeth and showing the various adds in it. In the third part we explained the hadeeth in details and deriving the abundant meanings which are included in this holly version. We concluded The research by a conclusion in which we mentioned the important results we got from our study.

This research examines aspects of grammar thinking when one of the most mportant Arab linguists in the sixth and seventh centuries AD, is Abu Ali Alchloban (d. 645 H) in his book (the explanation provided great Aldzolah). The study was divided into hreesections:First topic: curriculum book (the explanation provided great Aldzolah).The second topic: the jurisprudence Alchloban in his commentary on the submitted Aldzolah.And the third section: Thinking of grammar Chloban, its advantages, and taken it.The research found a number of results, the most important being that Alchloban grammar thinking dominated by logical thinking and mental character, an educational standard thinking, based on the measurement, lulled to the many ills to approve the grammatical sentences, and excretion is contrary to steady the rules.

The book (detailed in Arabic flag) Zmkhcri of grammar books, which included old male fraught for many Allahjah appearances in the language of the Arabs in the audio and grammar fields. The importance of this book over and being a book grammatically valuable versatility author and altitude of, it is a big world has many categories in multiple areas, the most important of his interpretation labeled Kashaf, and detailed the subject of this research and superior in modern weird, investigator in parables, and Lexicon the basis of rhetoric, and the model and others.This comes to study the Allahjah appearances in the (joint) and survey topics the book, and the statement of its impact on the study of language phonetically and grammatically. And Osmth (b Allahjah appearances in the joint Zmkhcri book (Tel: 538 e) SOUND study and grammatical), has mounted the two sections, the first titled: Acoustic Allahjah appearances, and studied it: Ananh ruffles and substitution, and it was the second topic Musoma b: appearances Allahjah grammatical, and studied where: (what is not) Almhbhettin b (not) between the business and neglect, and the news is not precluding the genus, and the question of knowledge to (from), and (yesterday) between construction and expression, and (so) between being really, or did the name, then come Conclusion included key findings of the research results, and proven sources and references.It should be noted that I am limited in this research on Allahjah manifestations attributable to the tribes, leaving what did not glorify them, a little trace, and I ask God that I have been able to study the research topics, and help him draw and repayment.

This research aims to identify:1. mental capacity among university students.2. differences in mental capacity among university students due to sex specialization grade3. Communicative Competence among university students.4. differences in communicative competence among university students according to gender and grade mental capacity 5 Motivation Orientations(internal - external) among university students6. differences in Motivation Orientations(internal - external) among university students according to gender, class and mental capacityThe sample consisted of (500) students from the university students for the academic year (2015-2016), the study used sufficiently communicative scale of preparing Created researcher (50) items, and gauge trends motivation (internal - external) Gain for 2008)) expressed from Abu Hashim (2010), consisting of (30) items measure the dimensions internal, one of them by (17) paragraph and external (13) items and test geometric shapes intersecting Pascal color (Pascal - leone) consists of (36) to measure the mental capacity, after the completion of the statistical analysis and characteristics psychometric of the tools and the application of the final sample used t. test of one sample, and analysis of variance triple in the analysis of the results showed after determining mental capacity of students, which was limited between Sotain mentality (e level of + 7 e + 6) enjoy university students enough communicative aware of high and significant differences in the direction of with mental capacity high enough in both communicative and perceived trends internal motivation while the differences for people with mental capacity of the lowest in the external motivation orientations and went Find a set of recommendations and proposals.

Indication face exclamation grammatical in Arabic Is the subject of an exclamation of important topics in the Arabic language, and in particular significance in the Quranic text, due to its eloquence and miracles. It topics interesting in the Arabic language as it contains a clear indication of the way the exclamation whether acoustic or record, Valtjb: is an internal feeling agitated by the human psyche while Tstazm something rarely get, supernatural the laws of nature, invisible caused by the frequent exclamation in the Quranic text denote exclamation Asamai as it contains rhetorical methods very miracle significance mention, for example, the verse: if by the gods but God Vsdta Glory to God the Lord of the Throne what Asvon [prophets: 22], Vdalalh Quranic text requires the existence of one God is one God Almighty, If there were two other deities two of competition between them on the king of the earth and spoiled everything, Glory to God King right set forth. The interpretation of the meaning: Glory to God while Thompson and while Tsubhon [Roman: 17], Vdalalh Hallelujah available in the Quranic text.

Bani Khozronis a family it's Pedigree to the tribe Zenata, ruled Tripoli over one hundred and fifty years began at filfle bin Said in 391 AH / 1000 AD and ended by Mohammed bin Khozron Last princes and who was expelled from the city of Tripoli in 540 AH / 1146 AD, which had cleared to them of the atmosphere when left Muizzledineallah al Fatimid to Egypt so the independing Tripoli and overpowering as between them and the Fatimids of difficulties.The Zenata succession of Umayyad in Andalusia and with prejudiceSaeed bin khazer Ben Vlfol sided to Sanhaja so honor by Beijing bin zirivery honor and made him rule Tunbh and closer links to link their clan by marriage, so as to marry one of the daughters Saeed bin khazer has successive events in Morocco and that made Pepper worried about the intentions of Sanhaja It is reluctant to cooperate with the Badis, and then the war between him and the Addis year 389 AH / 999 AD onwards Vofelt him pepper to the realms of the plug, and there I turned around Zenata, offering Bjmuah and occupied Tripoli in 390 AH / 1000 AD, and the foundations of the state fluctuated her life between the ebb and flow due to the conflict with Sanhaja so that was the end, as we mentioned in 540 AH / 1146 AD.On the whole, this study sheds light on the history of intellectual movement in the city of Tripoli during the reign of BaniKhozron in the political, intellectual and economic aspects. And it proceeded to study novels relevant to the subject of research and discussion analysis.

We've discussed this in a study of Alexander the Great and the personal importance that called for influence in the Persian literature, so the search of two sections we dealt with in the first part, the roots of this character in the Persian systems and historical biography of Alexander the Great. The second section, we dealt with a literary epic, Ferdowsi and Shahnameh that prevailed on the Persian poetic systems dramatically and personality of Alexander in this system, which is a model of systems and Persian epics that dealt with the great conqueror figure who occupied a significant part of their themes. The search included texts in Farsi and translated reprints of Shahnameh and seal with a summary in Arabic and English.In regard to the standard that many exclamation indication embedded in Arabic books, were two forms (as I do), and (I do it).

Rights and freedoms are proving to humanity humanity which is closely it because they fixed his natural rights by the presence whatever origin, religion, nationality, tribe, color, creed intellectual, these ancient rights as history, where it derives from both celestial and inherited religions humanitarian whole, They constitute the common denominator between different societies and civilizations in the world .

Historical documentation studies are very important and fundamental in architectural to evaluate the architectural production , which is suffered from neglect and vandalism for decades and didn’t further confirmation in a previous studies. This research is an attempt to study these styles of Heritage houses To cover the overall knowledge in this field of architectural styles on thinking and application levels. Where there was a lack in extensiveness knowledge in holistic search about architectural style in Al- Hila Heritage houses , so it has been identified the mean search problem ( Can we consider the formal characteristics of Al- Hila Heritage houses are an original style ? , and can we considered this style is an extension of the Babylonian style, by adopting the same philosophical conceptions?)

This research aspect of economic life in Khorasan province, a trade, so the importance of this region from the commercial point of view, because of its geographical location, outstanding, which make a link between China and India on the one hand and the regions of the Islamic Orient on the other hand, as well as the social factor affecting the growth and development of trade in this region of the love Kherasanyen trade and travel in search of livelihood.

Dealt with a lot of research and academic studies, some important joints of the history of the United States, social, economic, political and even judicial especially after independence in 1783 and stayed another ill-considered, such as, the American judicial system attributes and justifications for the formation of the Supreme Court, so we chose the theme (The judicial system attributes American and justification for the formation of the Supreme Court). That specify search features American judicial system and the rationale for the formation of the Supreme Court address and confined to an important part, has more than one meaning, including that these features have not been studied and show the extent of their impact on the overall US justice system and the role played by those features make the US justice system is unique from other other judicial systems, as well as so that the formation of the US Supreme Court, and that court has played the future of the US justice system, as it paved the way for him is set in center stage globally later. The Study was divided into two sections, taking the first section (the American judicial system attributes) as was the highlight of the US judicial system attributes starting and ending with the previous judicial system of the jury system through the federal system of the United States, and the duplication of the court system in the United States, as tracing the historical roots of the evolution of the system juryAnd the mechanism of transition the American colonies with reference to the neglect of the Federal the Constitution Juryas well as a highlight in a briefly to federal system is United States, and duplication of court system in the United States and the Search section previous system of judicial, and what caused this system of significant impact on the American justiceAnd studied the second topic (formation of Supreme Court and their mechanism of action), and the Department of topic on several axes, as he studied the first axis Judiciary Act of 1789, and discussed the second axis constitutional air-conditioning system of the Supreme Court to be in tune with the Federal the constitution while the third axis lesson selection of members of the Supreme Court mechanism Which granted exclusively by to President of the requirement of Senate approval of nominations while the latter search axis ratification of the Senate on the nominations after studying the curriculum vitae of each candidate, and diplopia Find a conclusion whale research findings of the researcher.

The French Lieutenant’s Woman continues to be one of the \\"Notable Books of 1969” and the most popular novel written by the British novelist John Fowles.It signifies one of the best metafictioal examples that embracesmultiple voices of narrators, metafictional paratextuality, irony through juxtaposition, use of anachronism and critical parody.Since its publication itbrought to public attention of a differentinterpretations of Victorian, sexual and literary conventions. The novel discusses the troubled relationship of gentleman, Charles Smithson, and the mysterious independent woman, Sarah Woodruff, with whom he falls in love. The novel parodies the Victorian social, cultural and literary work of art.The novel also receives much attention as an important feministdocumentbecause of the contrast between the independent Sarah Woodruff and the more stereotypical male characters, Charles Smithson.I would argue in this paper that The French Lieutenant’s Woman is a juxtaposition of the convintions of two eras, Victorian and modern novel to become a double-voiced discourse, in which postmodern parody plays its significant role.I would also discuss Hutcheon’s meaning of postmodern parody that differs from the old meaning of parody as the former marks with productivity rather than ridiculing and opens the text up to different interpretations. Moreover,the paper will shed light on Victorian hypocritical treatment of woman character by comparing the double-image of the heroin Sarah Woodruff.

This study deals with the history, principles, roles and problems related to the Arabic translation of political texts at the diplomatic circles inside the country as well as in embassies.Arabic diplomatic translation is one of many types of translations which have a history back to the time of Prophet Mohammad (PBAH) who started communication with non-Arab kings around Arab Peninsula. The activity of diplomatic translation was widened farther after the Prophet and reached its peak at the time of Abbasid Caliphate.Diplomatic translation is carried out within diplomatic missions, office of prime minister and ministry of foreign affairs. It has its own rules and peculiarities with flexibility.Diplomatic translators must have a wide scope of knowledge, honesty and confidentiality, understanding of a context is crucially important in addition to faithfulness,comprehensibility and Elegance.Translations have important roles to play in maintaining cordial diplomatic relations between nations throughout the history. The conclusions are intended to highlight the fact that there are no recipes for translating diplomatic text or a political speech, because translation is not only a technical process that uses translation procedures and applies transfer operations, but also a matter of understanding cultural, historical and political situations and their significance with faithfulness in what doing. Diplomatic translation requires a hard working personality to do the perfect job.